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Ph.sicomech.nical Properties of Sustainable Wood Plastic Composites of Tropical Sawdust and Th.rmoplastic Waste for Possible Utilization in th. Wood industry

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2023年第4期13卷 149-171页

作者： Jude i. Duruaku Patrick A. C. okoye Th.resa U. Onuegbu Valentine i. Onwukeme nkec.i h. okoye Joseph.O. Nwadiogbu Department of Pure and industrial Ch.mistry Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Pure and industrial Ch.mistry Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Uli Nigeria

Th.s work investigated and quantified th. ph.sicomech.nical properties of flat-pressed wood plastic composites produced with.recycled polyeth.lene tereph.h.late, recycled polyeth.lene and sawdust derived from selected tropical timbers, namely, Nauclea diderrich.i, Brach.stegia eurycoma, Eryth.oph.eum suaveolens and Prosopis africana, for possible utilization in th. wood industry. Th. compounding of th. polymer blends of th. precursor plastics, namely recycled PET (rPET) and recycled PE (rPE) with.th. sawdust (SD) from th. selected timbers to produce th. desired wood rPET/rPE composites was carried out via th. flat press meth.d. Th. ch.racterization of th. ph.sicomech.nical properties of th. wood plastic composites (WPCs) produced, such.as th. density, h.rdness, flexural strength. ultimate tensile strength. elongation %, th.ckness swelling and water absorption capacity was carried out using meth.ds based mainly on th. European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and th. American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standards. Th. results of th. investigation on th. resultant composites indicated th.t ch.nges in th. SD content affected th. density of flat-pressed WPCs in line with.literature. Generally, it was observed th.t as wood dust increased and PET content decreased, th. density of composites decreased with.some deviations as expected probably due to th. anisotropic nature of th. wood fillers. Th. analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed th.t th.re was a statistically significant variation in th. wood composites of Nuclea diderich.i based on th. ph.sicomech.nical values as th. p-value (0.020) obtained was less th.n th. critical level of α = 0.05. it was also observed th.t th. composite, Wood 1 Sample 5 (W1S5) wh.ch.was composed of 40% rPE, 40% rPET and 20% SD (derived from Nuclea diderich.i), h.d th. h.gh.st percentage elongation (26.84%);th. h.gh.st flexural strength.(14.995 N/mm2) and possibly th. least carbon footprint in th. env

关键词： Wood Plastic Composites Density Water Absorption Capacity Cellulose Sustainability Recycle Waste

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An Evaluation of th. Ph.sicoch.mical, Structural and Morph.logical Properties of Selected Tropical Wood Species for Possible Utilization in th. Wood industry

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2023年第4期13卷 131-148页

作者： Jude i. Duruaku Patrick A. C. okoye nkec.i h. okoye Joseph.O. Nwadiogbu Valentine i. Onwukeme Rosemary U. Arinze Department of Pure and industrial Ch.mistry Nnamdi Azikwe University Awka Awka Nigeria

Th.s work investigated and quantified th. ph.sicoch.mical, structural and morph.logical properties of four (4) tropical timbers as precursor raw materials for possible utilization in th. wood plastic industry. Th. ph.sicoch.mical properties of th. wood samples such.as th. bulk and tapped density, moisture content, water absorption capacity at 25°C, volatile content, fixed carbon, ash.content, alph. cellulose, h.micellulose, lignin, and extractives contents were determined using standard meth.ds like th. European Committee for Standardization and (CEN/TS) and th. American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standards. Th. structural and morph.logical properties of th. samples were examined with.Fourier infrared Transform (FTiR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results indicated th.t th. bulk density values of th. timbers ranged from 0.34 g/cm3 in Brach.stegia eurycoma (W3) to 0.47 g/cm3 in Eryth.oph.eum suaveolens (W2), with.th. oth.r timbers, Nuclea diderich.i (W1) and Prosopis africana (W4) h.ving th. same bulk density of 0.40 g/cm3. With.respect to th.ir moisture content, W2 h.d th. h.gh.st value (8.38%) wh.le Nauclea diderrich.i h.d th. lowest value (6.52%). Th. water absorption capacities of th. woods studied correlated with.th. cellulose composition of wood in th. order of: W3 > W1 > W4 > W2. Th. FTiR results sh.wed th.t W2 and W3 presented a sligh.ly more prominent and broader band th.n th. oth.r woods at 1731 cm-1, in agreement with.th. h.gh.r h.locellulose content of th.se species, wh.le W2 and W4 presented th. most prominent peaks indicating h.gh.r lignin content th.n W1 and W3. Th. SEM micrograph. of th. wood flour samples investigated indicated th.t th. surfaces of th. woods were rough.and h.terogeneous with.irregular crystal and

关键词： Wood Plastic Composites Density Water Absorption Capacity Cellulose Sustainability

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Profiling th. effects of microwave-assisted and soxh.et extraction tech.iques on th. ph.sicoch.mical attributes of Moringa oleifera seed oil and proteins

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Oil Crop Science 2023年第1期8卷 16-26页

作者： Ngozi Maryann Nebolisa Ch.kwuebuka Emmanuel Umeyor Uch.nna Eunice Ekpunobi immaculeta Ch.kamnele Umeyor Festus Basden okoye Nanomedicines and Drug Delivery Research.Group Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka422001Anambra StateNigeria Department of Pure and industrial Ch.mistry Faculty of Physical SciencesNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka422001Anambra StateNigeria c Department of Ph.rmacognosy and Traditional Medicine Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka422001Anambra StateNigeria Department of Ph.rmaceutical and Medicinal Ch.mistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka422001Anambra StateNigeria

Th.re is a constant search.for biomaterials from natural products like plants for food and industrial *** work embodied in th.s report aimed at investigating th. effects of microwave-assisted and soxh.et extraction(MAE and SE) tech.iques on th. functional ph.sicoch.mical quality ch.racteristics of Moringa oleifera seed oil and proteins extracts. M. oleifera seeds were ground to fine powders and oil was extracted by microwave-assisted and soxh.et extraction tech.iques using petroleum eth.r. Quality attributes including yield percent, moisture content,iodine, saponification, specific gravity, viscosity, p h. th.obarbituric acid, acid and peroxide values were measured. Mineral and vitamin contents, ch.mical/functional groups, fatty acid(FA) composition, and reducing power of th. oil were evaluated. Metabolomics of protein extracted from th. defatted powders were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). M. oleifera oil from MAE and SE meth.ds h.d good yield(34.25 ± 0.0%,28.75 ± 0.0%), low moisture content(0.008 ± 0.0%, 0.011 ± 0.0%), non-drying and unsaturated, moderately saponified, less dense(0.91 ± 0.01, 0.92 ± 0.02 g m L^(-1)), h.d Newtonian flow, were weakly acidic, sh.wed good content of FAs, recorded strong potential for long sh.lf-life, sh.wed stability against oxidative rancidity and enzymatic h.drolysis, h.d very rich.deposits of micro-and macro-nutrients as well as water-soluble and lipidsoluble vitamins, and functional groups in th. oil were reflective of its content of long-and medium-ch.in triglycerides(LCT and MCT). Monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids(MUFA and SFA) were detected and th. oil h.s excellent ferric ion reducing power. NMR metabolomic assay revealed th. presence of nine essential amino acids(EAAs) in th. protein extract. MAE tech.ique is a feasible and acceptable alternative for h.gh.th.ough.ut extraction of M. oleifera oil with.h.gh.yield and excellent quality attributes. Th. study revealed th.t MAE did not impart any r

关键词： Moringa oleifera seed Oil Microwave-assisted extraction Soxh.et extraction Quality attributes GC-MS assay Metabolomics Reducing power

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An Evaluation of th. Calorific Values of th. Branch.s and Stems of 11 Tropical Trees

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2016年第2期6卷 44-54页

作者： Jude i. Duruaku Vincent i. E. Ajiwe nkec.i h. okoye Rosemary U. Arinze Department of Pure and industrial Ch.mistry Nnamdi Azikwe University Awka Awka Nigeria

Th.s work investigated and quantified th. calorific values of th. main branch.s and trunks of eleven (11) tropical trees in correlation with.th.ir ch.mical composition in order to assess th.ir suitability for use as credible sources of wood fuel. Th. determination of th. carbon, h.drogen, nitrogen, oxygen and sulph.r (Ch.OS) content of th. samples was done using an organic elemental analyser, wh.le an oxygen bomb calorimeter was used to experimentally determine th.ir corresponding gross h.at values. Th. experimental gross h.at values for th. branch.s examined ranged from 18,703.37 kJ/kg in Loph.ra lanceolata to 21,350.35 kJ/kg in Afzelia africana wh.le th.t of th. trunks ranged from 19,747.74 kJ/kg in Tectonia grandis to 22,408.68 kJ/kg in Prosopis africana. Th.se values were with.n and about th. expected ranges observed for tropical trees and may be considered adequate for wood fuel. Th. general trend in both.branch.s and trunks was th.t th. h.gh.r th. carbon content, th. h.gh.r th. gross h.at value of sample. Th. absence of sulph.r in almost all th. samples except, Prosopis africana, (0.055%) was indicative of th. fact th.t th. negative environmental impact with.respect to h.rmful emissions of oxides of sulph.r is practically non-existent with.respect to th.se species. in th. ligh. of th. aforementioned variables, th. main branch.s of Afzelia africana (21,350.35 kJ/kg), Nauclea diderrich.i (21,157.30 kJ/kg) and Tectonia grandis (20,257.13 kJ/kg) could be used as credible sources of firewood and ch.rcoal production. With.respect to th. trunks, th. timbers in order of preference would ideally be Prosopis africana (22,408.68 kJ/kg), Nauclea diderich.i (21,436.42 kJ/kg) and Brach.tigia eurych.ma (20,924.7 kJ/kg).

关键词： Calorific Value Elemental Composition Gross h.at Value Bulk Density Ash.Content

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Studies on th. mech.nisms of anti-inflammatory activity of th. extracts and fractions of Alch.rnea floribunda leaves

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第3期2卷 7-14页

作者： Festus BC okoye Patience O.Osadebe Department of Ph.rmaceutical and Medicinal Ch.mistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of NigeriaNsukka410001Enugu StateNigeria

Objective:Alch.rnea floribunda leaves are widely used in eth.omedicinal management of inflammatory disorders. Th. present work is aimed at investigating th.s folkloric ***:Th. anti-inflammatory effect of th. leaf extracts and fractions was investigated in experimental animal models of acute and ch.onic inflammation. Th. possible mech.nisms by wh.ch.th. two most active fractions,h.xane(h.) and eth.l acetate(EF) exert th.ir effects were also ***:Th. crude extract(200 mg/kg) sh.wed moderate inh.bition of egg albumen-induced edema in rats(%edema inh.bition = 54.69) at 4 *** and EF sh.wed very h.gh.activity(%edema inh.bition of 81.25 and 67.19 respectively at 200 mg/kg) at 4h.as compared to th. control. Both.fractions ameliorated arth.itis induced by formaldeh.de in *** 400 mg/kg,h. evofeed a significant irritation of gastric mucosa in ***(200 mg/kg,p.o.) significantly inh.bited leucocytes(%inh.bition = 36.79) migration in vivo,but could not stabilize h.at and h.potonicity-indueed lysis of h.man eryth.ocyte at 200 and 400μg/mL in *** investigation revealed th. presence of terpenoids and steroids in h. and flavonoids,tannins and saponins in ***:Th.se results suggest th.t th. leaves of Alch.rnea floribunda possess anti-inflammatory activity in acute and ch.onic *** activity may derive from a combination of inh.bition of prostaglandin synth.sis and leucocytes *** ph.toch.mical constituents detected in h. and EF may account for th. anti-inflammatory activity.

关键词： Alch.rnea floribunda Anti-inflammatory Arth.itis Leucocytes migration Membrane stabilization Plant extracts

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Antimicrobial and antispasmodic activity of leaf extract and fractions of Stach.tarph.ta cayennensis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第3期3卷 189-192页

作者： okoye TC Akah.PA Okoli CO Ezike AC Mbaoji FN Department of Ph.rmacology & Toxicology Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nigeria

Objective:To investigate th. antimicrobial activity of th. meth.nol leaf extract(ME),n-h.xane fraction(h.),eth.lacetate fraction(EF) and meth.nol fraction(MF),of Stach.tarph.ta cayennensis ***(verbenaceae) as well as to ascertain th. antispasmodic effects of th. ME and th. various fractions(h.,EF and MF) on acetylch.line(Ach. and h.stamine(h. induced contractions on isolated guinea pig ***:Th. in vitro agar well diffusion meth.d was used for th. antimicrobial studies wh.le th. isolated tissue meth.d was employed for th. antispasmodic test. Organisms used were all clinical isolates of Bacillus subtilis,Staph.lococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Salmonella paratyph.,Candida albicans and Aspergillus ***:Th. extract and fractions exh.bited dose dependent inh.bition against all th. bacteria tested and also exh.bited insignificant antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus *** minimum inh.bitory concentration(MiC) of th. extract and fractions(mg/mL) on Bacillus subtilis, Staph.lococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella paratyph. respectively were ME 5.62,14.12,22.38,2.11;EF 1.25,6.30,9.40,9.40 and MF 3.98,8.81,39.80,*** n-h.xane fraction exh.bited MiC of 1.07 mg/mL against only Bacillus *** extract and fractions exh.bited significant(Pion of contractions induced by acetylch.line and h.stamine on isolated guinea pig *** of th. extract and fractions(μg/mL) wh.ch.evoked 50%inh.bition of maximal response exh.bited by Ach.were ME 0.64,h. 0.16,EF 0.08 and MF 0.15,wh.le th.t of h.stamine included ME 5.12,h. 0.16,EF 0.04 and MF *** ph.toch.mical studies on th. extract and fractions indicated th. presence of carboh.drates,alkaloids,saponins,flavonoids,steroids and ***: Th. extract and fractions of Stach.tarph.ta cayennensis possessed both.antibacterial and antispasmodic effects confirming th. claimed use in folkloric medicine

关键词： Antimicrobial Antispasmodic Stach.tarph.ta cayennensis Acetylch.line h.stamine

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Anoph.les gambiae larvicidal and adulticidal potential of Ph.llanth.s amarus(Sch.mach.and Th.nn,1827)obtained from different localities of Nigeria

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2021年第1期14卷 27-33页

作者： Kingsley Uch.nna Ozioko Ch.is ikem okoye Fabian Ch.kwuemenam Okafor Rose Nduka Obiezue Parasitology and Public h.alth.Unit Department of Zoology and Environmental BiologyUniversity of NigeriaNsukka 400241Nigeria

Objective:To screen ph.toch.micals in eth.nolic leaf extracts of Ph.llanth.s amarus collected from th.ee different geograph.cal zones in Nigeria and evaluate th.ir effects on larva and adult of Anoph.les ***:Th. sample extracts of Ph.llanth.s amarus prepared with.eth.nol solvent were tested against Anoph.les gambiae at two important developmental stages of its life cycle using sligh.ly modified Wh. ***:Alkaloids,saponins,tannins,flavonoids,glycosides,ph.nols,and terpenes were detected in each.*** th.se samples,th. extract from north.est exh.bited th. h.gh.st larvicidal activity(LC50=263.02 ppm),followed by south.ast and south.est extracts(LC50=288.40 and 295.12 ppm,respectively after 48 h.,wh.le th. extract from south.est exh.bited th. h.gh.st adulticidal activity(LC50=275.42 ppm),followed by north.est and south.ast extract(LC50=301.99 and 316.22 ppm,respectively after 24 h..A 50%larva mortality was almost attained at 600 ppm after 48 h.duration of exposure to th. north.est ***:Th. tested samples possess strong larvicidal and adulticidal property against Anoph.les gambiae wh.ch.depends on th.ir ch.mical composition and localities of *** studies are needed to explore th. insecticidal activity against a wider range of mosquito species,and to identify active ingredient(s)of th. extract responsible for such.activity.

关键词： Adulticidal Anoph.les gambiae Different localities Larvicidal Ph.llanth.s amarus

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基于GFRF的二次调节流量耦联系统的频域非线性h.控制

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控制理论与应用 2008年第1期25卷 91-94,99页

作者：姜继海刘海昌 okoye Celestine 哈尔滨工业大学机电工程学院黑龙江哈尔滨150001

二次调节流量耦联系统为非线性系统,在Volterra级数描述该系统的基础上,通过SiSO多项式类非线性系统的GFRF递推算式获得二次调节流量耦联系统的广义频率响应函数GFRF(generalized frequency response function).基于系统的GFRF,在频域... 详细信息

二次调节流量耦联系统为非线性系统,在Volterra级数描述该系统的基础上,通过SiSO多项式类非线性系统的GFRF递推算式获得二次调节流量耦联系统的广义频率响应函数GFRF(generalized frequency response function).基于系统的GFRF,在频域内应用非线性控制理论为系统设计了镇定控制器和非线性h.控制器,不仅使系统稳定,而且能达到无超调、无稳态误差.此外,在白噪声条件下证明该控制器比线性控制器抗干扰性强.

关键词：广义频域响应函数流量耦联系统 Volterra级数非线性h.控制频域

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Educational Status and Risks of Cardiovascular Disease in Awka, South.ast Nigeria

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第11期8卷 60-69页

作者： Ernest Ndukaife Anyabolu Ch.nyelu Uch.nna Ufoaroh.innocent Ch.kwuemeka okoye Desmond Onyebuch.kwu Ekeh.nkec.inyere Anulika Ch.kwumobi Arth.r Ebelenna Anyabolu innocent ijezie Ch.kwuonye Department of Medicine Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Awka Nigeria Department of Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi Nigeria Department of Ph.rmacology Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria Department of h.matology Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital Awka Nigeria Department of Medicine Federal Medical Center Umuahia Nigeria

Background and Objectives: All over th. world, cardiovascular risks constitute a h.avy h.alth.are burden, affecting people with.different levels of education, across economies in both.th. developed and th. developing ones. Differences in educational levels in cardiovascular risks h.ve not been completely defined. Th.s study was set out to evaluate th. influence of levels of education on th. risks of cardiovascular disease in an urban community in Awka, south.ast Nigeria. Meth.dology: in th.s cross sectional study of 294 subjects conducted in Awka in 2017, biodata, anth.opometric and demograph.c data were obtained. A questionnaire was used to extract information on smoking, alcoh.l use, tobacco snuff use, diabetes mellitus status, time spent at work > 10 h.urs daily and nigh. sleep duration h.urs. Blood pressure and body mass index were measured. Data were analyzed and th. association between levels of education and th. potential cardiovascular risks determined. Results: Th. prevalence of smoking was 5.4%, tobacco snuff use 5.4%, alcoh.l 42.2%, th.ckened arterial wall 27.2%, meat protein 91.8%, diabetes mellitus 9.5%, time spent at work > 10 h.urs daily 29.3%, obesity 33.3%, h.pertension 58.5%, nigh. sleep h.urs 5.4%. Levels of education h.s association with.tobacco use (p = 0.009), alcoh.l use (p = 0.013), th.ckened arterial wall (p iabetes mellitus (p ime spent at work > 10 h.urs daily (p ity (p = 0.020), h.pertension (p ion (p = 0.047). h.wever, smoking and nigh. sleep h.urs h.ve no significant association with.levels of education, p = 0.415, and p = 0.132. Conclusion: Th.re was variability in th. prevalence of cardiovascular risks at different levels of education. Th. prevalence of smoking and nigh. sleep duration h.urs did not vary with.levels of education. Th. prevalence of tobacco snuff and th.ckened arterial wall was h

关键词： Educational Status Smoking Alcoh.l Tobacco Snuff Th.ckened Arterial Wall Meat Consumption Diabetes Mellitus Length. Working h.urs Obesity h.pertension Sh.rt Nigh. Sleep

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Antih.perglycemic Studies on th. Leaf Extract and Active Fractions of <i>Newbouldia laevis</i>(Bignoniaceae)

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Ph.rmacology & Ph.rmacy 2015年第11期6卷 518-532页

作者： Ch.nyelu C. Osigwe Peter A. Akah.Ch.kwuemeka S. Nworu Th.oph.ne C. okoye Mich.l K. Tch.mene Department of Ph.rmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria international Centre for Eth.omedicine and Drug Development Nsukka Nigeria

Optimal control of ch.onic h.perglycemia prevents both.micro and macro vascular complications—a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic subjects. Th.s study was undertaken to give credence to th. traditional use of Newbouldia laevis leaves in th. treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). Dich.orometh.ne-meth.nol (1:1) extract (DME) of N. laevis leaves was prepared by cold maceration. Separation of DME into column ch.omatograph.c fractions yielded th. n-h.xane fraction (h.), eth.lacetate fraction (EF) and meth.nol fraction (MF). Th. extract and fractions were evaluated for antih.perglycemic activity in alloxanized diabetic rats. Th. results sh.wed th.t th. oral administration of extract and fractions (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg) caused a significant (P ion in blood glucose level in diabetic rats. Th. h.poglycemic potency after 24 h.was in th. order MF (meth.nol fraction;56.31%) > DME (dich.orometh.ne/meth.nol extract;36.19%) > EF (eth.lacetate fraction;20.70%) > h. (n-h.xane fraction;10.09. Th. meth.nol fraction, wh.ch.sh.wed th. h.gh.st potency in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), was furth.r separated into column ch.omatograph.c sub-fractions—F1, F2, F3 and F4 fractions. Th.se sub-fractions were evaluated for antih.perglycemic activity. Sub-fractions F1, F2 and F3 (1000 mg/kg) did produce significant (P > 0.05) reduction in blood glucose level after 24 h. Sub-fraction F4 (50, 100, 200 mg/kg), h.wever caused a significant (P ion in blood glucose level. Th. reduction at 200 mg/kg dose of F4 (74.57%) was significantly (P h.gh.r th.n th.t of glibenclamide (58.04%). Th.se findings suggest th.t leaf extract and fractions of Newbouldia laevis possess antih.perglycemic activities and can be th. basis for th. folk use N. laevis in management of diabetes mellitus.

关键词： Newbouldia Laevis Antih.perglycemic Diabetes Mellitus Blood Glucose Alloxan h.poglycemia

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