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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第5期30卷 1959-1965页

作者： Singh Nisha dharaiya nishith Wildlife and Conservation Biology Lab Department of Life Sciences Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University

Indian Giant Flying Squirrel(Petaurista philippensis Elliot 1839)is widely distributed in South Asia and the only species of flying squirrel found in *** studied the seasonal variation in its feeding behaviour at selected sites of Central *** sampling was employed to study the behaviours and mainly feeding *** analyses were consistent with other studies and indicated Madhuca longifolia as an important food *** diet of the species mainly consisted of pith,twig,seed,bark,petiole,young to mature leaves,flower and fruits of 20 species of plants of 15 families along with lichens,Vanda tessellata and Dendrophthoe *** longifolia(25%)contributed most to the squirrel diet,followed by Diospyros melanoxylon(10%)and Terminalia tomentosa(9%).Among the plant parts consumed,pith formed the highest bulk as a food at 23%,followed by fruits(21%),bark(16%),twig(14%),flower(10%),seed(6%),leaf(6%),and bud(4%).The findings reveal the high dependency of flying squirrel on certain tree *** tree species are well represented and distributed throughout central Gujarat,indicating that this area is important for the survival of this species and that the area should be conserved for protection and future management of this species.

关键词： Arboreal rodent Behaviour Madhuca longifolia Phenology Western India

Soil Resources Information System for Improving Productivity Using Geo-Informatics Technology

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International Journal of Geosciences 2014年第8期5卷 771-784页

作者： Kartik M. Thakor nishith dharaiya Vijay Singh Ajay Patel Khalid Mehmood Manik H. Kalubarme Bhaskarcharya Institute for Space Applications and Geo-Informatics (BISAG) Department of Science & Technology Government of Gujarat Gandhinagar India Department of Life Sciences Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University Patan Gujarat India

Soil surveying and mapping is an important operation, since it plays a key role in the knowledge about soil nutrients, properties and how it can be used for agriculture. This study was carried out in order to map soil chemical properties and macronutrients status in North, Center and South districts zones of Gujarat state. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used in this study to present the secondary data of the soil which were obtained from Anand Agriculture University (AAU), Gujarat. The major objective of this study was to analyze & visualize the secondary data of soil through IDW, spatial interpolation techniques for suitable mapping in a selected North, Central and South districts of Gujarat state. Various maps showing spatial distribution of micronutrients and chemical properties for North, Center and South districts zones of Gujarat state were prepared. These digital maps can be used in precision farming studies with the application of fertilizers and micro-nutrients as per the requirement and the recommendations. This approach is proposed as a method for the evaluation of sustainable soil management practices such as variable rate of fertilization. This study demonstrates the usefulness of geo-informatics technology in soil survey as well as applications of various micronutrients to specific areas based on recommendations.

关键词： Geographic Information System (GIS) Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) Soil Survey Chemical Properties Macronutrients Spatial Distribution

Serologic evidence of human leptospirosis in and around Kolkata,India:A clinico-epidemiological study

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第12期4卷 1001-1006页

作者： Manisha DebMandal Shyamapada Mandal nishith Kumar Pal Department of Bacteriology and Serology Calcutta School of Tropical MedicineC.R.AvenueKolkata-700073India Department of Physiology and Biophysics KPC Medical College and HospitalKolkata-700032India Department of Zoology Gurudas CollegeNarkeldangaKolkata-700054India Department of Microbiology Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchKolkata-700020India

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of leptospirosis among patients from within and outside ***,attending the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine,for treatment during August 2002 to August ***:The leptospirosis cases were determined on the basis of clinical, epidemiological,and biochemical factors,and were tested for leptospiral antibodies using IgM *** samples with absorbance ratio≥1.21 were interpreted as ***:The commonest presentation involved fever,headache and *** male-female ratio was 61:46.A total of 65(64.20%) cases had abnormal liver and renal functions respectively,and 57.1% had both the *** highest incidence(75.35.04%) was recorded in SeptemberOctober followed by July-August(53.24.77%).The reactive cases had absorbance ratios between 1.21 and *** 53 showed equivocal result,while IgM non reactivity were seen in 90 patients (absorbance ratios 0.10-0.90).The patients responded to treatment with parenteral antibiotics, penicillin,ceftriaxone and cefotaxime;follow up did not reveal case ***:The cardinal signs of leptospirosis help in making clinical diagnosis,but in any hyper-endemic situation any patient reporting with acute lever and signs of pulmonary,hepatic or renal involvement should be suspected to have leptospirosis and investigated *** awareness,and early diagnosis and treatment,can reduce mortality due to leptospirosis.

关键词： Human leptospirosis IgM ELISA Clinico-epidemiological study Kolkata

Cholera:a great global concern

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第7期4卷 573-580页

作者： Shyamapada Mandal Manisha Deb Mandal nishith Kumar Pal Department of Zoology Gurudas CollegeNarkeldangaKolkata-700 054India Department of Physiology and Biophysics KPC Medical College and Hospital1F Raja S C Mallick RoadJadavpurKolkata-700032India Department of Microbiology Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research244B A J C Bose RoadKolkata-700 020India

Cholera,caused by the infection of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae(***) to humans,is a life threatening diarrheal disease with epidemic and pandemic *** ***,both 01 and 0139 serogroups,produce a potent enterotoxin(cholera toxin) responsible for the lethal symptoms of the *** O1 serogroup has two biotypes(phenotypes),classical and El Tor;each of which has two major serotypes(based on antigenic responses),Ogawa and Inaba and the extremely rare *** O1 strains interconvert and switch between the Ogawa and Inaba *** and electrolyte replacement is the mainstay of treatment of cholera patients;the severe cases require antibiotic treatment to reduce the duration of illness and replacement of fluid *** antibiotic therapy cunenlly has faced difficulties due to the rapid emergence and spread o(multidrug resistant *** causing several outbreaks in the ***,cholera has been becoming endemic in an increasing number of geographical areas,reflecting a failure in implementation of control ***,the current safe oral vaccines lower the number of resistant infections and could thus represent an effective intervention measure to control antibiotic resistance in ***,the priorities for cholera control remain public health interventions through improved drinking water,sanitation, surveillance and access to health care facilities,and lurther development of safe,effective and appropriate ***,this review describes the facts and phenomena related to the disease cholera,which is still a great threat mainly to the developing countries,and hence a grave global concern too.

关键词： Cholera Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae Pandemics-epidemics-outbreaks Cholera vaccine Multidrug resistance

Plasmid mediated antibiotic resistance of Vibrio cholerae Ol biotype E1 Tor serotype Ogawa associated with an outbreak in Kolkata,India

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第8期3卷 637-641页

作者： Shyamapada Mandal Manisha DebMandal nishith Kumar Pal Department of Microbiology Bacteriology and Serology UnitCalcutta School of Tropical MedicineC.R.AvenueKolkata-700 073India Department of Physiology and Biophysics KPC Medical College and Hospital1F Raja S C Mallick RoadJadavpurKolkata-700 032India

Objective:To determine the antibiotic resistance of Vibrio choleras(***) O1 biotype El Tor serotype Ogawa isolates involved in an outbreak of watery diarrhea in Kolkata,and to explore the role of plasmid in mediating antibiotic ***:Antibiotic susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) values of antibiotics for the isolated *** 01 Ogawa(n=12) were determined by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods,respectively,using ampicillin(Am),chloramphenicol(C),trimethoprim(Tm),tetracycline(T).erythromycine(Er), nalidixic acid(Nx).ciprofloxacin(Cp),amikacin(Ak) and cefotaxime(Cf).Plasmid curing of multidrug resistant(MDR) *** 01 Ogawa strains was done following ethidium bromide *** electrophoresis,the plasmid DNAs,extracted from the isolated MDR V. cholerae O1 Ogawa strains and their cured derivatives,were visualized and documented in ’gel doc’ ***:The outbreak causing *** O1 Ogawa isolates were MDR as determined by disk diffusion susceptibility test,and MIC *** isolates showed three different drug resistance patterns:AmTmTErNx(for 6 isolates).TmTErCp(for 5 isolates), and AmTniNx(for one isolate),and showed uniform sensitivity to C,Ak and *** loss of plasmids with the concomitant loss of resistance to Am,Tm,T and Er of the isolates occurred following ethidium bromide ***:The current findings suggest that the V. cholerae O1 Ogawa associated with the cholera outbreak were MDR,and resistance to Am,Tm,T and Er among the isolates were plasmid mediated.

关键词： Cholera Outbreak V.cholerae O1 Ogawa Zone diameter of inhibition Minimum inhibitory concentration Multidrug resistant R-plasmid

Enhancing chloramphenicol and trimethoprim in vitro activity by Ocimum sanctum Linn.(Lamiaceae) leaf extract against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第3期5卷 220-224页

作者： Shyamapada Mandal Manisha Deb Mandal nishith Kumar Pal Department of Microbiology Bacteriology and Serology UnitCalcutta School of Tropical MedicineC.R.AvenueKolkata-700073India Department of Physiology and Biophysics KPC Medical College and HospitalJadavpurKolkata-700032India

Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Ocimum sanctum(***) leaf extract, alone,and in combination with chloramphenicol(C) and trimethoprim(Tm) against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi(***).Methods:The antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of tulsi, ***,leaf(TLE:500μg) for 23 *** isolates was determined following agar diffusion. The C(30μg) and Tm(5μg) activity alone and in combination with TLE(250μg) was determined by disk *** zone diameter of inhibition(ZDI) for the agents was recorded, and growth inhibitory indices(Glls) were ***:The *** isolates(n=23),which were resistant to both C(ZDI 6 mm) and Tm(ZDI 6 mm),had TLE(500μg) ZDIs 16-24 *** ZDIs of C and Tm were increased up to 15-21 mm and 17-23 mm,respectively,when TLE(250μg) was added to the C and Tm *** Glls ranged 0.789-1.235 and 0.894-1.352,due to combined activity against *** isolates,of C and TLE and Tm and ***:The data suggest that TLE,in combination with C and Tm,had synergistic activity for *** isolates, and hence *** is potential in combating *** drug resistance,as well promising in the development of non-antibiotic drug for *** infection.

关键词： Antibacterial activity Ocimum sanctum Chloramphenicol Trimethoprim Growth inhibitory index Synergy Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi

Antibacterial activity of honey against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第12期3卷 961-964页

作者： Shyamapada Mandal Manisha DebMandal nishith Kumar Pal Krishnendu Saha Department of Microbiology Bacteriology and Serology UnitCalcutta School of Tropical MedicineC.R.AvenueKolkata-700 073India Department of Physiology and Biophysics KPC Medical College and Hospital1F Raja S C Mallick RoadJadavpurKolkata-700 032India

Objective:To ascertain the potential antibacterial activity of honey against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli(***),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(***) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi(*** serovar Typhi) by in vitro ***:The partial inhibitory concentration(PIC),minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) values of the autoclaved honey(extracted from Apis indica hive by indigenous method) were determined for *** serovar Typhi(n=8:from blood cultute), ***(n=5:from urine culture) and ***(n=5:from pus culture) isolates by in vitro ***:The PICs of the honey tested for the isolates ranged 0.50%-1.25%(v/v) for S. enterica serovar Typhi,0.75%-1.50%(v/v) for *** and 1.00%-1.25%(v/v) for ***, while the MICs ranged 1.75%-3.00%(v/v),3.00%-3.50%(v/v) and 3.50%(v/v),*** *** and *** isolates had MBC value of 4.00%(v/v):the *** serovar Typhi showed MBCs in between 3.00%and 3.50%(v/v).The bactericidal activity of honey was achieved at concentration 3.00%(v/v) for *** serovar Typhi and ***,and at 3.50%(v/v) for P. ***:The excellent antibacterial activity of honey against clinical bacterial isolates indicates the usefulness of honey in clinical practice against bacterial infection.

关键词： Partial inhibitory concentration Minimum inhibitory concentration Minimum bactericidal concentration Honey Clinical bacteria

Inhibition of the emergence of multi drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Withania somnifera root extracts

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第11期4卷 917-920页

作者： Shuvo Datta nishith Kumar Pal Ashoke Kumar Nandy Department of Microbiology School of Tropical MedicineKolkata-700 073India Department of Microbiology IPGMER244 AJC Rose Road(UCM Building)Kolkata-700 020India Department of Clinical & Experimental Pharmacology School of Tropical MedicineKolkata-700073India

Objective:To search systematically for an alternative therapy with compounds particularly from plant ***:Efficacy test of different root extracts of Withania somnifera(W. somnifera)(L) Dunal against multi drug resistant(MDR) Staphylococcus aureus(***) variants was performed following the agar well diffusion *** of susceptibility pattern of the isolates was carried out by employing disk diffusion method using standard antibiotic disks. Results:In vitro study with *** root extracts was found to be effective against all the MDR *** strains isolated from local and patient *** root extracts of WS showed different degree of effectiveness against the ***:The major active principles responsible for the antibacterial efficacy were mainly present in methanol(MeOH) extract and ethanol(EtOH) extracts as well as in butanol(BuOH) extract *** all the extracts the BuOH fraction was found to be most active against all the isolates but aqueous extract was the least active *** it may be concluded that the antimicrobials from *** may raise an alternative therapy for MDR staphylococcal infections in near future.

关键词： Withania somnifera Antibacterial activity MDR Staphylococcus aureus

Synergistic anti - Staphylococcus aureus activity of amoxicillin in combination with Emblica officinalis and Nymphae odorata extracts

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第9期3卷 711-714页

Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Emblica officinalis Gaertn(***: Family:Euphorbiaceae) seed and Nymphae odorala Aiton(***:Family:Nymphaeaceae) stamen extracts,alone and in combination,and in combination with amoxicillin(Ax) against Staphylococcus aureus(***).Methods:Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of amla,***,seed(AMS:500μg) and sapla,***,stamen(SAP:500 p g) for 12 methicillin-resistant ***(MRSA) isolates was determined following agar diffusion:in order to assess the combined antibacterial activity,AMS(250μg) plus SAP(250μg) were *** Ax(10μg) activity alone and in combination with AMS(250μg),and SAP(250μg) was determined by disk *** zone diameters of inhibition(ZDIs) for the agents were recorded,and growth inhibitory indices(GIIs) were ***:The MRSA isolates (n=12) had AMS(500μg) and SAP(500μg) ZDIs of 12-19 mm and 21-24 mm,*** ZDIs(range 24-27 mm) increased by 3-4 mm due to combined action of AMS(250μg) and SAP(250μg) indicating synergy between extracts for MRSA(GII 0.634-0.742).The MRSA isolates were resistant to Ax(ZDI:8-11 mm),which in combination with AMS and SAP had synergistic effect,both due to increased ZDI[mean±SD=(3.5±0.577) mm]and GII(0.631-0.894).Conclusions:The data suggest that the plants,*** and *** alone or in combination,are promising in the development of phytomedicines,which may be used,alone or in combination with the antibiotic. Ax,against MRSA infection.

关键词： Antibacterial activity Plant extract Amoxicillin Emblica officinalis Nimphae odorata Synergy MRSA

Beaconless Position-based Routing with Guaranteed Delivery for Wireless Ad hoc and Sensor Networks

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自动化学报 2006年第6期32卷 846-855页

作者： CHAWLA Mohit GOEL nishith KALAICHELVAN Kalai NAYAK Amiya STOJMENOVIC Ivan Department of Computer Science & Engineering IIT GuwahatiGuwahati 781039India Cistel Technology Inc OttawaOntario K2E 7V7Canada EION Technology Inc OttawaOntario K1Y 2X5Canada SITE University of OttawaOttawaOntario K1N 6N5Canada

Existing position-based routing algorithms, where packets are forwarded in the geographic direction of the destination, normally require that the forwarding node should know the positions of all neighbors in its transmission range. This information on direct neighbors is gained by observing beacon messages that each node sends out periodically. Several beaconless greedy routing schemes have been proposed recently. However, none of the existing beaconless schemes guarantee the delivery of packets. Moreover, they incur communication overhead by sending excessive control messages or by broadcasting data packets. In this paper, we describe how existing localized position based routing schemes that guarantee delivery can be made beaconless, while preserving the same routes. In our guaranteed delivery beaconless routing scheme, the next hop is selected through the use of control RTS/CTS messages and biased timeouts. In greedy mode, the neighbor closest to destination responds first. In recovery mode, nodes closer to the source will select shorter timeouts, so that other neighbors, overhearing CTS packets, can eliminate their own CTS packets if they realize that their link to the source is not part of Gabriel graph. Nodes also cancel their packets after receiving data message sent by source to the selected neighbor. We analyze the behavior of our scheme on our simulation environment assuming ideal MAC, following GOAFR+ and GFG routing schemes. Our results demonstrate low communication overhead in addition to guaranteed delivery.

关键词： Beaconless routing geometric routing guaranteed delivery sensor networks