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Testosterone and Its Analogs as a Male Contraceptive

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Advances in Sexual Medicine 2013年第3期3卷 10-18页

作者： Abdul S. Ansari Chandra Shekhar Yadav nirmal K. Lohiya Centre for Advanced Studies Department of Zoology University of Rajasthan Jaipur India

Male contraception by means of hormonal approach was initiated more than 60 years ago when men became azoospermic with administration of testosterone. The basic principle of male hormonal contraception is suppression of spermatogenesis. Exogenous testosterone/testosterone analogs alone or in combination with progestin have been tested for contraceptive efficacy by inhibiting gonadotropins release from pituitary gland. In this review article, advancement in different testosterone preparation tested alone or in combination for contraceptive efficacy has been focused. Administration of testosterone or testosterone analogs alone failed to provide uniform azoospermia or severe oligospermia (gestin combination has proved better contraceptive efficacy than testosterone alone. Further, long term studies with hormonal regimens and other alternative approaches are required with fewer side effects for development of safe and reversible contraceptive.

关键词： Hormonal Contraception Suppression of Spermatogenesis Testosterone Androgen-progestin Combination

Fingerprinting of the Acacia nilotica （L.） Bark Extract Having Antibacterial property

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Journal of Health Science 2015年第3期3卷 123-127页

作者： Jayshree D. patel nirmal S. Sahay Vipin Kumar Sadbhav SRISTI Sanshodhan Laboratory SRISTI AES Boys Hostel Campus Nr. Gujarat University Library & SBI BankNavrangpura Ahmedabad Gujarat 380 009 India Chief coordinator Sadbhav SRISTI Sanshodhan Laboratory SRISTI AES Boys Hostel Campus Nr. Gujarat University Library &SBI Bank Navrangpura Ahmedabad Gujarat 380 009 India Director National Innovation Foundation-India Sattelite complex Near Mansi cerele Ahmedabad Gujarat 380 O15 India

Acacia nilotica （L.） Delile, commonly known as ＂Babul＂, is reported for its medicinal property since ages. plant is recognized for its medicinal use in traditional practices. For the study, phytochemicals were extracted as well as identified from four different solvents and their antibacterial property was determined. The fingerprinting was accomplished using HpTLC and the MIC （Minimum Inhibitory Concentration） was elucidated using standard protocols. Two Gram positive （Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis） and two Gram negative （Escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa） bacteria were selected for the antibacterial screening. The major phytochemicals identified in the extract of the bark of A. nilotica were catechin/epicatechin, ellagic acid and m-digallic acid. Excellent antimicrobial activity was found in chloroform （40 ~tg/mL） and methanol （60 ~g/mL） extracts against pseudomonas aeruginosa. The chloroform extracts consist of higher number of phytochemicals/bands as compared with other extracts and demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against all the test bacterial species.

关键词： Acacia nilotica antimicrobial screening fingerprinting bacteria HpTLC

Management of neglected cervical spine dislocation： a study of six cases

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2013年第4期16卷 212-215页

作者： Vijay Goni nirmal Raj Gopinathan Vibhu Krishnan Rajesh Kumar Avinash Kumar Department of Orthopaedics Postgraduate Institute ofMedical Education and Research Chandigarh 160012India Department of Orthopedics RML Hospital New DelhiIndia

Objective： To report a case ser/es of six neglected cervical spine dislocations without neurological deficit, which were managed operatively. Methods： The study was conducted fromAugust 2010 to December 2011 and cases were selected from the out- patient department of postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India. The patients were in the age group of 30 to 50 years. All patients were operated via both anterior and posterior approaches. Results： During the immediate postoperative period, five （83.33%） patients had normal neurological status. One （16.67%） patient who had C5-C6 subluxation developed neu- rological deficit with sensory loss below C6 level and motor power of 2/5 in the lower limb and 3/5 in the upper limb below C6 level. Conclusion： There is no role of skull traction in ne- glected distractive flexion injuries to cervical spine delayed for more than 3 weeks. posterior followed by anterior ap- proach saves much time. If both approaches are to be done in the same sitting, there is no need for instrumentation posteriorly. But if staged procedure is planed, posterior sta- bilization is recommended, as there is a risk of deterioration in neurological status.

关键词： Cervical vertebrae Neck postoperative complications

latrogenic aortic pseudoaneurysm following anterior tho- racic spine surgery masquerading as chronic infection

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2013年第6期16卷 368-370页

作者： Vijay Goni A jay Bahl nirmal Raj Gopinathan Vibhu Krishnan Rajesh Kumar Department of Orthopaedics Postgraduate Institute ofMedical Research and Education Chandigarh India

Late vascular complications involving aorta are rare but devastating adversities following anterior thoracic spine operations are *** current article describes our experience with one such patient who had an iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm of the thoracic aorta,mimicking *** patient was treated successfully following concomitant efforts by multidisciplinary experts with *** wish to highlight upon the significance of recognizing the possible sinister consequences of a dangerously prominent spinal implant and the role of a suspicious surgeon in identifying these menacing complications at the right time.

关键词： Fractures, bone Aorta, thoracic Aneurysm, false latrogenic disease

The effect of an adaptation to hypoxia on cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2023年第4期37卷 230-254页

作者： Natalia V.Naryzhnaya Leonid N.Maslov Ivan A.Derkachev Huijie Ma Yi Zhang NRajendra prasad nirmal Singh Feng Fu Jianming pei Akpay Sarybaev Akylbek Sydykov Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology Cardiology Research InstituteTomsk National Research Medical CenterRussian Academy of ScienceTomskTomsk Region 634012Russia Department of physiology Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei 050017China Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Faculty of ScienceAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalainagarTamilnadu 608002India Department of pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research Punjabi UniversityPatialaPunjabi 147002India Department of physiology and pathophysiology National Key Discipline of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medicinethe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi 710032China Department of Mountain and Sleep Medicine and pulmonary Hypertension National Center of Cardiology and Internal MedicineBishkek 720040Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz-Indian Mountain Biomedical Research Center Bishkek 720033Kyrgyzstan Department of Internal Medicine Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute(CPI)Member of the German Center for Lung Research(DZL)Justus Liebig University of GiessenGiessenHessen 35392Germany Department of Mountain and Sleep Medicine and pulmonary Hypertension National Center of Cardiology and Internal MedicineBishkek 720040Kyrgyzstan.

The acute myocardial infarction(AMI)and sudden cardiac death(SCD),both associated with acute cardiac ischemia,are one of the leading causes of adult death in economically developed *** development of new approaches for the treatment and prevention of AMI and SCD remains the highest priority for medicine.A study on the cardiovascular effects of chronic hypoxia(CH)may contribute to the development of these *** hypoxia exerts both positive and adverse *** positive effects are the infarct-reducing,vasoprotective,and antiarrhythmic effects,which can lead to the improvement of cardiac contractility in *** adverse effects are pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular *** review presents a comprehensive overview of how CH enhances cardiac tolerance to ischemia/*** is an in-depth analysis of the published data on the underlying mechanisms,which can lead to future development of the cardioprotective effect of CH.A better understanding of the CH-activated protective signaling pathways may contribute to new therapeutic approaches in an increase of cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion.

关键词： heart vessels infarct size arrhythmias chronic hypoxia

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胸壁肿瘤切除后的一期修复重建

中国修复重建外科杂志 2005年第5期19卷 338-340页

作者：檀振波 nirmal Lamichhane 刘登湘肖奇海 Binay Kumar Thakur 邢台市人民医院胸外科河北邢台054031 尼泊尔B.p.Koirala纪念肿瘤医院外科

目的　观察胸壁肿瘤切除术后胸壁缺损一期修复重建的临床效果。　方法　1998年1月～2 0 0 3年3月外科治疗胸壁肿瘤31例。男2 0例,女11例。年龄8～72岁。原发性胸壁肿瘤2 1例,肺癌侵犯胸壁6例,乳腺癌术后复发2例,放射性坏死和皮肤癌各1... 详细信息

目的　观察胸壁肿瘤切除术后胸壁缺损一期修复重建的临床效果。　方法　1998年1月～2 0 0 3年3月外科治疗胸壁肿瘤31例。男2 0例,女11例。年龄8～72岁。原发性胸壁肿瘤2 1例,肺癌侵犯胸壁6例,乳腺癌术后复发2例,放射性坏死和皮肤癌各1例。切除肋骨2～7根,平均3.6根。缺损面积2 0～2 2 0 cm2 ,平均97.1cm2 。合并肺切除10例,部分膈肌切除2例,胸骨下段切除1例。单纯软组织修复7例(背阔肌+大网膜,背阔肌肌皮瓣,背阔肌肌瓣) ,单纯骨性重建5例(涤纶布或prolene网) ,骨性合并软组织修复19例(背阔肌、胸大肌、背阔肌+阔筋膜或大网膜,与涤纶布或prolene网修复)。　结果　术后发生并发症3例( 9.7% ) ,其中切口感染1例,软组织与修复物之间积液2例。无手术死亡。2 6例获5～5 7个月随访,术后生存时间6～5 7个月,中位生存时间2 2个月。　结论　胸壁肿瘤切除术后造成的巨大缺损。

关键词：一期修复重建 prolene网切除后 2003年3月原发性胸壁肿瘤软组织修复背阔肌肌皮瓣临床效果切除术后生存时间 1998年放射性坏死背阔肌肌瓣修复重建术胸壁缺损外科治疗侵犯胸壁术后复发胸骨下段骨性重建切口感染

Spatiotemporal analysis of drought variability based on the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index in the Koshi River Basin, Nepal

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第5期13卷 433-454页

作者： nirmal M DAHAL XIONG Donghong Nilhari NEUpANE Belayneh YIGEZ ZHANG Baojun YUAN Yong Saroj KOIRALA LIU Lin FANG Yiping Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Branch of Sustainable Mountain Development Kathmandu Center for Research and EducationCAS-TUKathmandu 44600Nepal Sino-Nepal Joint Research Centre for Geography IMHE-TU-YNUKathmandu 44600Nepal International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development(ICIMOD) LalitpurGPO 3226Nepal

Drought is an inevitable condition with negative impacts in the agricultural and climatic sectors,especially in developing *** study attempts to examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of drought and its trends in the Koshi River Basin(KRB)in Nepal,using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SpEI)over the period from 1987 to *** Mann-Kendall test was used to explore the trends of the SpEI *** study illustrated the increasing annual and seasonal drought trends in the KRB over the study ***,the hill region of the KRB showed substantial increasing drought trends at the annual and seasonal scales,especially in summer and *** mountain region also showed a significant increasing drought trend in *** drought characteristic analysis indicated that the maximum duration,intensity,and severity of drought events were observed in the KRB after *** Terai region presented the highest drought frequency and intensity,while the hill region presented the longest maximum drought ***,the spatial extent of drought showed a significant increasing trend in the hill region at the monthly(drought station proportion of 7.6%/10 a in August),seasonal(drought station proportion of 7.2%/10 a in summer),and annual(drought station proportion of 6.7%/10 a)*** findings of this study can assist local governments,planners,and project implementers in understanding drought and developing appropriate mitigation strategies to cope with its impacts.

关键词： drought duration drought intensity drought severity standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index mountains hills Terai

Optimization and application of UVC irradiation for prevention of fungal biodeterioration of vegetable tanned and chrome tanned leather

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Collagen and Leather

Collagen and Leather 2023年第02期 67-80页

作者： Eshita Jhahan Subarna Bhattacharyya Anirban Chaudhuri nirmal Sarkar Shaheen Akhtar punarbasu Chaudhuri School of Environmental Studies Jadavpur University Department of Environmental Science University of Calcutta

UV-C irradiation critically effects the growth of micro-fungi and also deteriorate leather *** the present study vegetable tanned and chrome tanned leather were infected with pure cultures of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus,which were isolated from stored leather ***-C light (λ=254 nm) was applied on infected leather for15 and 60 *** changes in leather qualities were examined through weight,tensile strength,scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study after 15 and 30 days of fungal *** tanned leather was more vulnerable in case of fungal attack than chrome tanned leather *** showed more influence on leather deterioration than *** results showed that weight loss after30 days for 15 and 60 min irradiation exposure was 1.3%compared to *** infected leather (3.93%).The tensile strength of vegetable and chrome tanned UV irradiated leather was increased by 44%and 7%*** scanning electron microscopic images exhibit the limited presence of conidiophores in UV-C exposed leather which confirmed the potentiality of irradiation for controlling fungal *** infrared spectral analysis of UV-C exposed infected leather samples showed neither shifting of wavenumber nor displacement of any functional *** the efficacy of UV-C irradiation against biodeterioration of leather was concluded to be *** method can be used to control fungal growth without compromising the leather quality.

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Traumatic L5 over S1 spondyloptosis without neurologi- cal involvement managed nonoperatively： a case report

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2013年第3期16卷 178-181页

作者： Vijay Goni nirmal Raj Gopinathan Uttam Chand Saini Shashidhar B Kantharajanna Department of Orthopaedics Post Graduate Instituteof Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India

High-grade spondylolisthesis is very rare. We came across a case of high-grade spondylolisthe- sis at the L5-S1 level in a 32-year-old manual labourer who was hit by a heavy object on his flexed back. The patient presented to us with persistent deformity in the back. He complained of back pain on prolonged standing and after moderate work. Because of that he was unable to return to his work. On clinical examination there was a large step in the lower lumbar region. Detailed neurological evaluation of the lower limbs did not reveal any sensory or motor deficit, neither did bowel or bladder involvement. Radiographic examination showed Ls over S1 traumatic spondyloptosis. CT scan revealed that neural canal was in normal width. MRI confirmed spondyloptosis of L5 over S~ without any compromise of the spinal canal and with normal-looking cauda. Concerning the delayed presentation and no neuro- logical deficit, the patient was managed conservatively af- ter thorough counsel. At 6 months, the patient returned to his work and at the latest follow-up （15 months） he was free from back pain. Conservative means of treatment can lead to satisfactory outcome, especially when the patient has delayed presentation.

关键词： Spine Spondylolisthesis Back pain