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Global multifaceted biodiversity patterns,centers,and conservation needs in angiosperms

Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 817-828页

作者： Ao Luo Yaoqi Li Nawal Shrestha Xiaoting Xu Xiangyan Su Yichao Li Tong Lyu Kilara Waris Zhiyao Tang Xiaojuan Liu Luxiang Lin Yongsheng Chen Kuiling Zu Wenqi Song Shijia Peng niklaus e.zimmermann Loïc Pellissier Zhiheng Wang Institute of ecology and Key Laboratory for earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of education College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Health and environmental Sciences Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and eco-environment of Ministry of education College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100035China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf 8903Switzerland Department of environmental Systems Science ETH ZürichZürich 8092Switzerland

The Convention on Biological Diversity seeks to conserve at least 30%of global land and water areas by 2030,which is a challenge but also an opportunity to better preserve biodiversity,including flowering plants(angiosperms).Herein,we compiled a large database on distributions of over 300,000 angiosperm species and the key functional traits of 67,024 *** this database,we constructed biodiversity-environment models to predict global patterns of taxonomic,phylogenetic,and functional diversity in terrestrial angiosperms and provide a comprehensive mapping of the three diversity *** further evaluated the current protection status of the biodiversity centers of these diversity *** results showed that geographical patterns of the three facets of plant diversity exhibited substantial spatial mismatches and nonoverlapping conservation *** centers of functional diversity,particularly of herbaceous species,were primarily distributed in temperate regions and under weaker protection compared with other biodiversity centers of taxonomic and phylogenetic *** global assessment of multifaceted biodiversity patterns and centers highlights the insufficiency and unbalanced conservation among the three diversity facets and the two growth forms(woody ***),thus providing directions for guiding the future conservation of global plant diversity.

关键词： angiosperms species richness phylogenetic diversity functional diversity plant traits woody species herbaceous species

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Current climate overrides past climate change in explaining multi-site beta diversity of Lauraceae species in China

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Forest ecosystems 2022年第2期9卷 186-199页

作者： Ziyan Liao Youhua Chen Kaiwen Pan Mohammed A.Dakhil Kexin Lin Xianglin Tian Fengying Zhang Xiaogang Wu Bikram Pandey Bin Wang niklaus e.zimmermann Lin Zhang Michael P.Nobis CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization&ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100039China Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSLZürcherstrasse 111CH-8903BirmensdorfSwitzerland Botany and Microbiology Department Faculty of ScienceHelwan UniversityCairo11790Egypt Department of Forest Sciences University of HelsinkiP.O.Box 27HelsinkiFI-00014Finland Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Qinghai UniversityXining810016China

Background:We aimed to characterise the geographical distribution of Sørensen-based multi-site dissimilarity(β_(sor))and its underlying true turnover(β_(sim))and nestedness(βsne)components for Chinese Lauraceae and to analyse their relationships to current climate and past climate ***:We used ensembles of small models(eSMs)to map the current distributions of 353 Lauraceae species in China and calculated β_(sor) and its β_(sim) and β_(sne) *** tested the relationship between β_(sor),β_(sne) and β_(sim) with current climate and past climate change related predictors using a series of simultaneous autoregressive(SAR_(err))***:Spatial distribution of β_(sor)of Lauraceae is positively correlated with latitude,showing an inverse rela-tionship to the latitudinalα-diversity(species richness)*** β_(sor) occurs at the boundaries of the warm temperate and subtropical zones and at the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau due to high β_(sne).The optimized SAR_(err) model explainsβ_(sor) andβ_(sne) well,but notβ_(sim).Current mean annual temperature determinesβ_(sor) and β_(sne) of Lauraceae more than anomalies and velocities of temperature or precipitation since the Last Glacial ***:Current low temperatures and high climatic heterogeneity are the main factors explaining the high multi-siteβ-diversity of *** contrast to analyses of the β-diversity of entire species assemblages,studies of single plant families can provide complementary insights into the drivers of β-diversity of evolutionarily more narrowly defined entities.

关键词： Biodiversity conservation Current climate ensemble modelling Multi-siteβ-diversity Nestedness Past climate change True turnover

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应用BioMod集成多种模型研究物种的空间分布——以铁杉在中国的潜在分布为例

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植物分类与资源学报 2013年第5期35卷 647-655页

作者：毕迎凤许建初李巧宏 Antoine Guisan Wilfried Thuiller niklaus e.zimmermann 杨永平杨雪飞中国科学院昆明植物研究所资源植物与生物技术所级重点实验室云南昆明650201 中国科学院大学北京100049 中国科学院昆明植物研究所山地生态系统研究中心云南昆明650201 瑞士洛桑大学生物医学学院法国格勒诺布尔第一大学高山生态实验室

新型统计方法和多源、多尺度空间信息数据的产生促进了物种空间分布模型的快速发展。不同的物种空间分布模型在生态学理论的运用以及前提假设上存在差异。选用不同的模型方法和输入数据会带来预测结果的不确定性。对比并集成多个物种空... 详细信息

新型统计方法和多源、多尺度空间信息数据的产生促进了物种空间分布模型的快速发展。不同的物种空间分布模型在生态学理论的运用以及前提假设上存在差异。选用不同的模型方法和输入数据会带来预测结果的不确定性。对比并集成多个物种空间分布模型,同时利用多组输入数据可降低预测的不确定性,提高物种分布模拟的精度。本文以中国特有种铁杉(Tsuga chinensis)为例,运用基于R语言开发的BioMod软件包对比9个物种空间分布模型对铁杉的模拟效果。最后以曲线下面积(ROC)为权重集成9个模型的模拟结果,产生和筛选最佳的铁杉潜在空间分布图。研究发现随机森林模型(RF)的模拟效果最好,其次是多元适应回归样条函数模型(MARS)和广义相加模型(GAM),模拟效果最差的是表面分布区分室模型(SRe)。模型集成结果显示,最适宜铁杉分布的区域集中在中国的西南及四川盆地周围,其次零星分散于华南和台湾部分地区。这一结果与前人对铁杉自然分布的描述和研究结果较为吻合。研究进一步表明,通过模型的集成能有效地降低由于单个模型所带来的模拟结果不确定性,从而提高模拟的精度和效果。

关键词：物种空间分布模型铁杉模型集成分布区 BioMod

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基于生态学原理的作物品种混合种植建立

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Journal of Plant ecology 2023年第6期16卷 46-60页

作者： emanuel B.Kopp Pascal A.niklaus Samuel e.Wuest Agroscope Group Breeding ResearchDivision Plant BreedingMüller-Thurgau-Strasse 298820 W鋎enswilSwitzerland Department of evolutionary Biology and environmental Studies and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZurichSwitzerland University of Zurich Research Priority Program on Global Change and Biodiversity University of Zurich8057 ZurichSwitzerland

作物品种混合种植具有很多有益效应,包括抑制病原体和增加产量和产量稳定性。然而,这些效应并不一定在所有作物品种混合种植中都出现,多样性带来的效应可能会因作物异质性的增加而抵消。在田间建立作物品种混合种植,如果没有预先预测组... 详细信息

作物品种混合种植具有很多有益效应,包括抑制病原体和增加产量和产量稳定性。然而,这些效应并不一定在所有作物品种混合种植中都出现,多样性带来的效应可能会因作物异质性的增加而抵消。在田间建立作物品种混合种植,如果没有预先预测组合哪些基因型可以产生表现良好的混合种植,会导致工作量过于庞大。因此,需要有效的工具来缩减有希望的品种混合种植组合,并在实验中确定其中哪些组合会带来最大效应。在这里,我们首先综述已有的关于生态多样性实验和当前农业应用效应及其机理,然后讨论应用这些知识开发良好品种混合种植组合时出现的一些主要困难。我们还讨论了解决其中一些问题的非常规方法。我们特别强调基于性状确定好的品种混合种植伙伴的潜力和局限性,并认为非传统性状和性状衍生的指标可能需要基于性状的方法来充分发挥其潜力。具体而言,我们认为可以使用现代遗传和基因组方法确定良好的混合种植伙伴。或者,可以通过组合对环境变化做出不同反应的品种(这些品种可以在标准品种测试试验中轻松识别)来获得良好的混作组合。初步分析结果表明,解释对不同环境响应的生态位差异,可以指示功能互补性并提高混合种植组合的产量及其稳定性。

关键词：农业生态学品种混合种植作物多样性群落生态学植物育种病原物/疾病控制产量稳定性

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Dual-polarization multiplexing amorphous Si:H grating couplers for silicon photonic transmitters in the photonic BiCMOS backend of line

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2022年第1期15卷 143-155页

作者： Galina Georgieva Christian Mai Pascal M.Seiler Anna Peczek Lars zimmermann Hochfrequenztechnik-Photonik/Siliziumphotonik Technische Universität BerlinStraße des 17.Juni 13510623 BerlinGermany IHP-Leibnitz Institut für innovative Mikroelektronik Im Technologiepark 2515236 Frankfurt(Oder)Germany IHP Solutions GmbH Im Technologiepark 715236 Frankfurt(Oder)Germany

In this paper,we report on polarization combining two-dimensional grating couplers(2D GCs)on amorphous Si:H,fabricated in the backend of line of a photonic BiCMOS *** 2D GCs can be used as an interface of a hybrid silicon photonic coherent transmitter,which can be implemented on bulk Si *** fabricated 2D GCs operate in the telecom C-band and show an experimental coupling efficiency of−5 dB with a wafer variation of±1.2 *** for efficiency enhancement and improved performance stability in future design generations are outlined and extension toward O-band devices is also investigated.

关键词： Hybrid integration Photonic BiCMOS Amorphous silicon Two-dimensional grating coupler(2D GC) Dual-polarization coherent communication Silicon photonics

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exploring the degradation behavior of MgXAg alloys by in vitro electrochemical methods

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第1期7卷 441-452页

作者： Yuqiuhan Zhang Tycho zimmermann Wolf-Dieter Mueller Frank Witte Florian Beuer Andreas Schwitalla Charit´e-Universit¨atsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universit¨at Berlin and Humboldt-Universit¨at zu BerlinDental Materials and Biomaterial ResearchDepartment of ProsthodonticsGeriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular DisordersAßmannshauser Str.4-614197BerlinGermany

Magnesium as biodegradable biomaterial could serve as bone augmentation material in implant *** knowledge about the predictability of the biodegradation process is essential as this process needs to go hand in hand with the formation of new bone to gradually replace the augmentation ***,this work aimed to assess if the electrochemistry(eC)measurements of the corrosion process correlate with the surface features at various time points during the surface degradation,in order to describe the degradation process of Mg and Mg alloys more reliably,under the assumption that differences in eC behavior can be detected and related to specific patterns on the *** this test setup,a special optical chamber was used for electrochemical measurements on Mg and Mg-alloys(Mg2Ag,Mg4Ag,and Mg6Ag).Specimens were investigated using different circulating cell culture solutions as electrolytes,these were minimum essential medium(MeM),Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution(HBSS),and MeM+(MeM with added sodium hydrogen carbonate)at 37℃.Open circuit potential measurements(OCP)over 30 min followed by cyclic polarization were *** electrochemistry data,including OCP,exchange current density and corrosion potential,were compared with visible changes at the surface during these treatments over *** results show that the addition of silver(Ag)leads to a“standardization”of the degradation regardless of the selected test *** is currently difficult to correlate the visible microscopic changes with the data taken from the ***,further investigations are necessary.

关键词： Biodegradable magnesium Magnesium silver alloys electrochemistry Hydrogen evolution

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Micro 3D printing of a functional MeMS accelerometer

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第5期8卷 69-79页

作者： Simone Pagliano David e.Marschner Damien Maillard Nils ehrmann Göran Stemme Stefan Braun Luis Guillermo Villanueva Frank niklaus KTH Royal Institute of Technology Division of Micro and NanosystemsMalvinas väg 10StockholmSweden École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(ePFL) Advanced NEMS LaboratoryInstitute of Mechanical Engineering1015 LausanneSwitzerland Hochschule Kaiserslautern University of Applied SciencesInformatik und MikrosystemtechnikCampus ZweibrückenGermany

Microelectromechanical system(MeMS)devices,such as accelerometers,are widely used across industries,including the automotive,consumer electronics,and medical *** are efficiently produced at very high volumes using large-scale semiconductor manufacturing ***,these techniques are not viable for the costefficient manufacturing of specialized MeMS devices at low-and medium-scale ***,applications that require custom-designed MeMS devices for markets with low-and medium-scale volumes of below 5000–10,000 components per year are extremely difficult to address *** 3D printing of MeMS devices could enable the efficient realization and production of MeMS devices at these low-and medium-scale ***,current micro-3D printing technologies have limited capabilities for printing functional ***,we demonstrate a functional 3D-printed MeMS accelerometer using 3D printing by two-photon polymerization in combination with the deposition of a strain gauge transducer by metal *** characterized the responsivity,resonance frequency,and stability over time of the MeMS *** results demonstrate that the 3D printing of functional MeMS is a viable approach that could enable the efficient realization of a variety of custom-designed MeMS devices,addressing new application areas that are difficult or impossible to address using conventional MeMS manufacturing.

关键词： printing accelerometer functional

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用作复合材料基布的长丝织物

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国际纺织导报 2000年第2期28卷 72-73页

作者： e.zimmermann 陈廷崔运花 LindauerDornier公司

德国LindauerDornier公司生产的带有积极式引纬系统的电子控制剑杆织机可以为涂层织物生产商提供具有极佳性能的高质量织物。讨论了剑杆织机在引纬方面的技术优势及Dornier织机实验的另一成员——喷气织机。

关键词：涂层织物 Domier公司德国剑杆织机喷气织机

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Statistical analyses of Global U-Pb Database 2017

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第1期9卷 121-145页

作者： Stephen J.Puetz Carlos e.Ganade Udo zimmermann Glenn Borchardt Progressive Science Institute HonoluluHI 96815USA Geological Survey of Brazil Rio de JaneiroBrazil University of Stavanger Department of Petroleum EngineeringStavangerNorway Progressive Science Institute Box 5335BerkeleyCA 94705USA

The method of obtaining zircon samples affects estimation of the global U-Pb age *** typically collect zircons via convenience sampling and cluster *** using these techniques,weight adjustments proportional to the areas of the sampled regions improve upon unweighted ***,grid-area and modern sediment methods are used to weight the samples from a new database of 418,967 U-Pb *** tests involve two age ***-1 uses the most precise U-Pb ages as the best ***-2 uses the^(206)Pb/^(238)U age as the best age if it is less than a1000 Ma cutoff,otherwise it uses the^(207)Pb/^(206)Pb age as the best age.A correlation analysis between the Model-1 and Model-2 ages indicates nearly identical distributions for both ***,after applying acceptance criteria to include only the most precise analyses with minimal discordance,a histogram of the rejected samples shows excessive rejection of the Model-2 analyses around the1000 Ma cutoff *** of the excessive rejection rate for Model-2,we select Model-1 as the preferred *** eliminating all rejected samples,the remaining analyses use only Model-1 ages for five rock-type subsets of the database:igneous,meta-igneous,sedimentary,meta-sedimentary,and modern ***,time-series plots,cross-correlation analyses,and spectral analyses determine the degree of alignment among the time-series and their *** all rock types,the U-Pb age distributions are similar for ages older than 500 Ma,but align poorly for ages younger than 500 *** similarities(>500 Ma)and differences(eductionism from a detailed database enhances understanding of time-dependent sequences,such as erosion,detrital transport mechanisms,lithification,and ***-series analyses and spectral analyses of the age distributions predominantly indicate a synchronous period-tripling sequence of^91-Myr,~273-Myr,and^819-Myr among the various rock typ

关键词： Time series Spectral analysis Periodicity Sampling Reductionism Zircon

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Vertical integration of microchips by magnetic assembly and edge wire bonding

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 1233-1246页

作者： Federico Ribet Xiaojing Wang Miku Laakso Simone Pagliano Frank niklaus Niclas Roxhed Goran Stemme Division of Micro and Nanosystems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyMalvinas vag 1010044 StockholmSweden

The out-of-plane integration of microfabricated planar microchips into functional three-dimensional(3D)devices is a challenge in various emerging MeMS applications such as advanced biosensors and flow ***,no conventional approach currently provides a versatile solution to vertically assemble sensitive or fragile microchips into a separate receiving substrate and to create electrical *** this study,we present a method to realize vertical magnetic-field-assisted assembly of discrete silicon microchips into a target receiving substrate and subsequent electrical contacting of the microchips by edge wire bonding,to create interconnections between the receiving substrate and the vertically oriented *** assembly is achieved by combining carefully designed microchip geometries for shape matching and striped patterns of the ferromagnetic material(nickel)on the backside of the microchips,enabling controlled vertical lifting directionality independently of the microchip’s aspect *** form electrical connections between the receiving substrate and a vertically assembled microchip,featuring standard metallic contact electrodes only on its frontside,an edge wire bonding process was developed to realize ball bonds on the top sidewall of the vertically placed *** top sidewall features silicon trenches in correspondence to the frontside electrodes,which induce deformation of the free air balls and result in both mechanical ball bond fixation and around-the-edge metallic *** edge wire bonds are realized at room temperature and show minimal contact resistance(excellent mechanical robustness(>168 mN in pull tests).In our approach,the microchips and the receiving substrate are independently manufactured using standard silicon micromachining processes and materials,with a subsequent heterogeneous integration of the ***,this integration technology potentially enables emerging MeMS applications that requ

关键词： bonding Vertical magnetic

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