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Etiology and management of urethral calculi:A systematic review of contemporary series

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Asian journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 10-18页

作者： Andrew Morton Arsalan Tariq nigel Dunglison Rachel Esler Matthew j.Roberts Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Urology Ipswich HospitalQueenslandAustralia Department of Urology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalQueenslandAustralia The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research HerstonAustralia

Objective:To conduct a systematic literature review on urethral calculi in a contemporary cohort describing etiology,investigation,and management ***:A systematic search of MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)databases was ***,including case reports and case series on urethral calculi published between january 2000 and December 2019,were ***-text manuscripts were reviewed for clinical parameters including symptomatology,etiology,medical history,investigations,treatment,and *** were collated and analyzed with univariate ***:Seventy-four publications met inclusion criteria,reporting on 95 *** symptoms(41.1%),pain(40.0%),and acute urinary retention(32.6%)were common presenting *** calculi were most often initially investigated using plain X-ray(63.2%),with almost all radio-opaque(98.3%).Urethral calculi were frequently associated with coexistent bladder or upper urinary tract calculi(16.8%)and underlying urethral pathology(53.7%)including diverticulum(33.7%)or stricture(13.7%).Urethral calculi were most commonly managed with external urethrolithotomy(31.6%),retrograde manipulation(22.1%),and endoscopic in situ lithotripsy(17.9%).Conclusion:This unique systematic review of urethral calculi provided a summary of clinical features and treatment trends with a suggested treatment *** in contemporary urological practice should be according to calculus size,shape,anatomical location,and presence of urethral pathology.

关键词： Urinary calculi Urethra Urethral calculi Management algorithm

The variation of DOM during long distance water transport by the China South to North Water Diversion Scheme and impact on drinking water treatment

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 85-100页

作者： Hankun Yang Yujuan Li Hongyu Liu nigel j.D.Graham Xue Wu jiawei Hou Mengjie Liu Wenyu Wang Wenzheng Yu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and TechnologyResearch Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China School of Environment and Municipal Engineering Qingdao Technological UniversityQingdao266033China Colleges of Forestry Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin150006China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondonSW7 2AZUK School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane Processes School of Environment Science and EngineeringTiangong UniversityTianjin300387China

In this study,samples were taken from three locations,upstream to downstream,along the central route project of the China South to North Water Diversion(SNWD)scheme in summer and *** were used to reveal the variations of dissolved organic matter(DOM)during the water transfer process,and the effects of these variations on drinking water treatment and disinfection by-products formation potential(DBPs-FP).The results showed that polysaccharides accumulate in summer and reduce in winter with flow distance,which has an important effect on the overall properties of DOM,as well as on the performance of coagulation,ultrafiltration,and the formation of *** substances,and their hydrophilic content,also increased in summer and decreased in winter with flow *** contrast,the concentration of small organic substances(MW≤1000 Da)increased in both summer and winter with flow distance,which affected both nanofiltration(NF)membrane fouling and *** results provide a useful case study of spatial and temporal changes in raw water DOM during long distance water transfer and their impact on the treatment and quality of drinking water from the SNWD.

关键词： Long-distance water transfer The China South to North Water Diversion Scheme Coagulation Membrane filtration Disinfection by-products

Hydrogen for a Net-Zero Carbon World

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Engineering 2023年第10期29卷 8-10页

作者： nigel P.Brandon james j.Brandon Faculty of Engineering Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondon SW72AZUK The First Element Ltd. London N17GUUK

*** hydrogen?The concept of the“hydrogen economy”was first coined by *** Bockris during a talk he gave in 1970 at the General Motors Technical ***’s talk introduced the vision of a world economy in which energy was... 详细信息

关键词： hydrogen Carbon economy

Periurethral abscess etiology,risk factors,treatment options,and outcomes:A systematic review

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Uncovering the genetic diversity of Giardia intestinalis in isolates from outbreaks in New Zealand

当代泌尿学（英文） 2023年第2期17卷 100-108页

作者： Arsalan Tariq Adam G.Stewart Devang j.Desai Sumudu Britton nigel Dunglison Rachel Esler Matthew j.Roberts Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Department of Urology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Department of Infectious Diseases Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia Centre for Clinical Research The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Department of Urology Toowoomba Base HospitalToowoombaQLDAustralia Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Department of Infectious Diseases Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Department of Urology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia Centre for Clinical Research The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Objectives:This study aimed to describe patterns of presentation,etiology,risk factors,management,and treatment outcomes of periurethral abscesses using a systematic review framework.Materials and methods:After prospective registration on the PROSPERO database(CRD42020193063),a systematic review of Web of Science,Embase,PubMed,and Cochrane scientific databases was *** published between 1900 and 2021 were *** data included symptoms,etiology,medical history,investigations,treatment,and *** data were analyzed using univariate methods.Results:Sixty articles met the inclusion criteria reporting on 270 patients(211 male,59 female)with periurethral *** most common clinical features were pain(41.5％),pyuria(41.5％),dysuria(38.5％),urinary frequency(32.3％),fever(25％),and a palpable mass(23％).Predisposing risk factors included the presence of a sexually transmitted infection or urinary tract infection(55.0％),urethral strictures(39.6％),and recent urethral instrumentation(18.7％).Management approaches included open incision and drainage(64.3％),conservative management with antibiotics(29.8％),and minimally invasive techniques(needle aspiration,endoscopic drainage).Time trend analysis of etiology revealed a decreased incidence of infection(sexually transmitted infection/urinary tract infection,human immu-nodeficiency virus)and higher incidence of diabetes mellitus and periurethral bulking injections in recent years.Conclusions:Periurethral abscesses may display a wide range of clinical ***,risk factors and underlying etiology vary with *** optimal management technique is guided by abscess *** incision and drainage combined with antibiotics continues to be the mainstay of ***,minimally invasive techniques are gaining *** the authors'knowledge,this is the first systematic appraisal and management algorithm for periurethral abscess.

关键词： Periurethral abscess Sexually transmitted infection Urethritis Urinary tract infection

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第3期11卷 27-36页

作者： Paul Ogbuigwe Patrick j.Biggs juan Carlos Garcia-Ramirez Matthew A.Knox Anthony Pita Niluka Velathanthiri nigel P.French David T.S.Hayman School of Veterinary Science Massey UniversityPalmerston NorthManawatu-WanganuiNew Zealand School of Natural Sciences Massey UniversityPalmerston NorthManawatu-WanganuiNew Zealand

Background:Giardia intestinalis is one of the most common causes of diarrhoea worldwide. Molecular techniques have greatly improved our understanding of the taxonomy and epidemiology of this parasite. Co-infection with mixed (sub-) assemblages has been reported, however, Sanger sequencing is sometimes unable to identify shared subtypes between samples involved in the same epidemiologically linked event, due to samples showing multiple dominant subtypes within the same outbreak. Here, we aimed to use a metabarcoding approach to uncover the genetic diversity within samples from sporadic and outbreak cases of giardiasis to characterise the subtype diversity, and determine if there are common sequences shared by epidemiologically linked cases that are missed by Sanger ***:We built a database with 1109 unique glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) locus sequences covering most of the assemblages of G. intestinalis and used gdh metabarcoding to analyse 16 samples from sporadic and outbreak cases of giardiasis that occurred in New Zealand between 2010 and ***:There is considerable diversity of subtypes of G. intestinalis present in each sample. The utilisation of metabarcoding enabled the identification of shared subtypes between samples from the same outbreak. Multiple variants were identified in 13 of 16 samples, with Assemblage B variants most common, and Assemblages E and A present in mixed ***:This study showed that G. intestinalis infections in humans are frequently mixed, with multiple subtypes present in each host. Shared sequences among epidemiologically linked cases not identified through Sanger sequencing were detected. Considering the variation in symptoms observed in cases of giardiasis, and the potential link between symptoms and (sub-) assemblages, the frequency of mixed infections could have implications for our understanding of host–pathogen interactions.

关键词： DNA sequencing Epidemiology Genetic diversity Giardiasis Metabarcoding

Productivity constraints on Citron-crested Cockatoos in a rich community of large hole-nesting birds

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Avian Research 2022年第1期13卷 25-35页

作者： Anna Reuleaux Benny A.Siregar nigel j.Collar Ani Mardiastuti Stuart j.Marsden Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK Burung Indonesia BogorIndonesia BirdLife International CambridgeUK Bogor Agricultural University(IPB University) BogorIndonesia

Knowledge of breeding success and its limiting factors is crucial in assessing species’conservation *** cavity-nesters,parrots are particularly influenced by the availability of suitable cavities and low breeding output,whether due to natural processes or *** the island of Sumba,Indonesia,the Critically Endangered Citron-crested Cockatoo(Cacatua citrinocristata)has the added problem of co-existing with an unusually rich hole-nesting bird community in a forested environment much constrained by habitat *** monitored 95 nesting cavities of cockatoos and their competitors and potential nest-predators,over one to four breeding seasons,using a combination of camera-traps,direct checks on nest contents,and observations from the *** for suitable cavities was intense among three large parrot species,two owls and a *** rates by potential competitors were higher at unoccupied cavities than at those containing active nests,reflecting the guarding behaviour of the *** Endangered Sumba Hornbill(Rhyticeros everetti)dominated observed direct confrontations and was the most frequent visitor to active parrot nests,suggesting a further role as a potential *** prospected many cavities but rarely then attempted to nest:instead the sites were usually occupied by other cavity-nesters,or by *** the few cavities where cockatoos did breed,predation pressure was likely low,and observed success rate high(10 successful of 15 nests),although the low number of nests found early in the breeding cycle suggests that some may have failed before *** competition for cavities suggests a shortage of suitable nest-sites,the need for preservation of old hole-bearing trees and a role for ***,known,safe artificial nest-sites would also provide opportunities to assess the scale of nest-site shortage,allow camera placements to study productivity,exclude some competitors and predators,and prevent ill

关键词： Camera-traps Competition Conservation Hornbills Parrots Predation

Persistent inflammation and neuronal loss in the mouse brain induced by a modified form of attenuated herpes simplex virus type I

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Virologica Sinica 2023年第1期38卷 108-118页

作者： Erlin Wang Xinwei Huang Yunshuang Ye Shiqing Zou Guijun Chen Liping Yang nigel W.Fraser Fukai Bao jumin Zhou Xia Cao Key Laboratory of Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming650000China Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanism of the Chinese Academy of Science/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of ZoologyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650223China Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China Department of Microbiology Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA Department of Biology and Immunology Kunming Medical UniversityKunming650101China KIZ/CUHK joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases Kunming650223China

Herpes simplex virus-1(HSV-1)is a widespread neurotropic virus that can reach the brain and cause a rare but acute herpes simplex encephalitis(HSE)with a high mortality *** patients present with changes in neurological and behavioral status,and survivors suffer long-term neurological *** date,the pathogenesis leading to brain damage is still not well ***-1 induced encephalitis in the central nervous system(CNS)in animals are usually very diffuse and progressing rapidly,and mostly fatal,making the analysis ***,we established a mouse model of HSE via intracerebral inoculation of modified version of neuralattenuated strains of HSV-1(deletion of ICP34.5 and inserting a strong promoter into the latency-associated transcript region),in which the LMR-αΔpA strain initiated moderate productive infection,leading to strong host immune and inflammatory response characterized by persistent microglia *** viral replication activity and prolonged inflammatory response activated signaling pathways in neuronal damage,amyloidosis,Alzheimer's disease,and neurodegeneration,eventually leading to neuronal loss and behavioral changes characterized by *** study reveals detailed pathogenic processes and persistent inflammatory responses in the CNS and provides a controlled,mild and non-lethal HSE model for studying long-term neuronal injury and increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases due to HSV-1 infection.

关键词： Herpes simplex virus-1(HSV-1) Herpes simplex encephalitis(HSE) ICP34.5 Neuroinflammation Neuronal loss

Pores for thought:generative adversarial networks for stochastic reconstruction of 3D multi-phase electrode microstructures with periodic boundaries

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 971-981页

作者： Andrea Gayon-Lombardo Lukas Mosser nigel P.Brandon Samuel j.Cooper Department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72BPUK Earth Science Analytics ASA Professor Olav Hanssens vei 7AStavanger 4021Norge Dyson School of Design Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72DBUK

The generation of multiphase porous electrode microstructures is a critical step in the optimisation of electrochemical energy storage *** work implements a deep convolutional generative adversarial network(DC-GAN)for generating realistic nphase microstructural *** same network architecture is successfully applied to two very different three-phase microstructures:A lithium-ion battery cathode and a solid oxide fuel cell anode.A comparison between the real and synthetic data is performed in terms of the morphological properties(volume fraction,specific surface area,triple-phase boundary)and transport properties(relative diffusivity),as well as the two-point correlation *** results show excellent agreement between datasets and they are also visually *** modifying the input to the generator,we show that it is possible to generate microstructure with periodic boundaries in all three *** has the potential to significantly reduce the simulated volume required to be considered“representative”and therefore massively reduce the computational cost of the electrochemical simulations necessary to predict the performance of a particular microstructure during optimisation.

关键词： microstructure electrode phase

Timing of uplift and evolution of the Lüliang Mountains,North China Craton

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第10期59卷 58-69页

作者： ZHAO junFeng LIU ChiYang nigel MOUNTNEY LU jianjun CAO jiLong YANG Yao XUE Rui State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi'an 710069China School of Earth and Environment University of LeedsLeeds LS2 9JTUK

This study analyses evidence for reformed basin development and basin-mountain coupling associated with development of the Ordos Basin and the Lüliang Mountains, China. Gaining an improved understanding of the timing and nature of uplift and evolution of the Lüliang Mountains is important for the reconstruction of the eastern sedimentary boundary of the Ordos Basin(a major petroliferous basin) as well as for providing insight into the evolution and breakup of the North China Craton(NCC). Based on systematic sampling for fission track analysis, it is suggested that the main phase of uplift of the Lüliang Mountains occurred since later part of the Early Cretaceous. Three evolutionary stages of uplift and development are identified: slow initial uplift(120–65 Ma), accelerated uplift(65–23 Ma), and intensive uplift(23 Ma to present), with the majority of the uplift activity having occurred during the Cenozoic. The history of uplift is non-equilibrium and exhibits complexity in temporal and spatial aspects. The middle and northern parts of the Lüliang Mountains were uplifted earlier than the southern part. The most intensive episode of uplift activity commenced in the Miocene and was associated with a genetic coupling relationship with the eastern neighboring Cenozoic Shanxi Grabens. The uplifting and evolutionary processes of the Lüliang Mountains area since later part of the Early Cretaceous share a unified regional geodynamic setting, which was accompanied by uplift of the Mesozoic Ordos Basin and development of the neighboring Cenozoic Shanxi Grabens. Collectively, this regional orogenic activity is related principally to the far-field effects of both the compression sourced from the southwestern Tibet Plateau and westward subduction of the Pacific Plate in Cenozoic.

关键词：山脉隆升华北克拉通隆起演化鄂尔多斯盆地东部时间西太平洋板块地球动力学背景