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Physiological and perceptual responses to sprint interval exercise using arm versus leg cycling ergometry

Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第4期6卷 385-393页

作者： Todd A.Astorino Shealin Pierce Madisen b.Piva Richard S.Metcalfe niels.b.j.vollaard Department of Kinesiology CSU—San MarcosSan MarcosCAUSA Applied Sports TechnologyExercise and Medicine(A-STEM)Research CenterSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport University of StirlingStirlingUK

Increases in power output and maximal oxygen consumption(V_O2max)occur in response to sprint interval exercise(SIE),but common use of“all-out”intensities presents a barrier for many ***,lower-body SIE is not feasible for all *** compared physiological and perceptual responses to supramaximal,but“nonall-out”SIE between leg and arm cycling ***-four active adults(mean±SD age:[25±7]y;cycling VO_(2)max:[39±7]mL·kg^(-1)·min^(-1))performed incremental exercise using leg(LCE)and arm cycle ergometry(ACE)to determine VO_(2)max and maximal work capacity(Wmax).Subsequently,they performed four 20 s bouts of SIE at 130% Wmax on the LCE or ACE at cadence=120-130 rev/min,with 2 min recovery between *** exchange data,heart rate(HR),blood lactate concentration(bLa),rating of perceived exertion(RPE),and affective valence were *** showed significantly lower(pbsolute mean([1.24±0.31]L·min^(-1) vs.[1.59±0.34]L·min^(-1);d=1.08)and peak VO_(2)([1.79±0.48]L·min^(-1) vs.[2.10±0.44]L·min^(-1);d=0.70)with ACE versus ***,ACE elicited significantly higher(pbLa was significantly higher([7.0±1.7]mM vs.[5.7±1.5]mM,p=0.024,d?0.83)for LCE versus *** was no significant effect of modality on RPE or affective valence(p>0.42),and lowest affective valence recorded(2.0±1.8)was considered“good to fairly good”.Data show that non“all-out”ACE elicits lower absolute but higher relative HR and VO_(2) compared to *** aversive perceptual responses could make this non-all-out modality feasible for inactive adults.

关键词： High intensity interval training Upper body exercise Peak power output Oxygen uptake blood lactate concentration

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Linking monitoring and modelling for river basin management:Danish experience with combating nutrient loadings to the aquatic environment from point and non-point sources

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第11期52卷 3335-3347页

作者： KRONVANG brian WINDOLF jФrgen GRANT Ruth ANDERSEN Hans E THODSEN Hans OVESEN niels b LARSEN SФren E National Environmental Research Institute Aarhus University VejlsФvej 25 DK-8600 Silkeborg Denmark

Nationwide monitoring of the aquatic environment was initiated in 1988 in Denmark as a means to follow the outcome of the Action Plans for nutrient pollution of the aquatic environment. Five Action Plans have been adopted by the Danish Parliament since 1985 and the nationwide monitoring programme can be used to quantify the outcome as shown by reductions in nutrient discharges from both point and non-point sources. Moreover, the empirical experience gathered from nearly 20 years of monitoring is assisting the development and calibration of models for simulation of nitrogen leaching, nitrogen removal in groundwater and surface waters and the establishment of a P-index all covering the entire land area of Denmark.

关键词： nitrogen phosphorus monitoring data point sources non-point sources models Action Plans Danish experience

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From oral formulations to drug-eluting implants:using 3D and 4D printing to develop drug delivery systems and personalized medicine

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bio-Design and Manufacturing 2022年第1期5卷 85-106页

作者： niels G.A.Willemen Margaretha A.j.Morsink Devin Veerman Classius F.da Silva juliana C.Cardoso Eliana b.Souto Patrícia Severino Center for biomedical Engineering Department of MedicineBrigham and Women&HospitalHarvard Medical School65 Landsdowne StreetMA 02139 CambridgeUSA Department of Developmental bioEngineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands Translational Liver Research Department of Medical Cell BioPhysicsTechnical Medical CentreFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands Targeted Therapeutics Department of Biomaterials Science and TechnologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands Department of Chemical Engineering Institute of EnvironmentalChemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesFederal University of São PauloRua São Nicolau210Diadema 09913‑030Brazil University of Tiradentes(Unit) and Institute of Technology and Research(ITP)Av.Murilo Dantas300Aracaju 49010‑390Brazil Faculty of Pharmacy University of CoimbraPólo das Ciências da SaúdeAzinhaga de Santa Comba3000‑548 CoimbraPortugal CEb‑Centre of biological Engineering University of MinhoCampus de Gualtar4710‑057 BragaPortugal Tiradentes Institute 150 Mt Vernon StDorchesterMA 02125USA

Since the start of the Precision Medicine Initiative by the United States of America in 2015,interest in personalized medicine has grown *** short,personalized medicine is a term that describes medical treatment that is tuned to the *** possible way to realize personalized medicine is 3D *** using materials that can be tuned upon stimulation,4D printing is *** recent years,many studies have been exploring a new field that combines 3D and 4D printing with *** has resulted in many concepts of pharmaceutical devices and formulations that can be printed and,possibly,tailored to an ***,the first 3D printed drug,Spritam®,has already found its way to the *** review gives an overview of various 3D and 4D printing techniques and their applications in the pharmaceutical field as drug delivery systems and personalized medicine.

关键词： Drug delivery systems 3D/4D printing Drug-eluting implants Microneedles Oral formulations

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Sequencing of 231 forensic genetic markers using the MiSeq FGxTM forensic genomics system-an evaluation of the assay and software

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Forensic Sciences Research 2018年第2期3卷 111-123页

作者： Christian Hussing Christina Huber Rajmonda bytyci Helle S.Mogensen niels Morling Claus bφrsting Section of Forensic Genetics Department of Forensic MedicineFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark

The MiSeq FGx^(TM) Forensic Genomics System types 231 genetic markers in one multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) *** markers include core forensic short tandem repeats (STRs) as well as identity,ancestry and phenotype informative short nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).In this work,the MiSeq FGx^(TM) Forensic Genomics System was evaluated by analysing reproducibility,sensitivity,mixture identification and forensic phenotyping capabilities of the ***,the genotype calling of the ForenSeq^(TM) Universal Analysis Software was verified by analysing *** files from the MiSeq FGx^(TM) platform using the softwares STRinNGS and ***,the performance of the MiSeq FGx^(TM) Forensic Genomics System was ***,locus and allele drop-outs were relatively frequent at six loci (two STRs and four human identification SNPs) due to low read depth or skewed heterozygote balances,and the stutter ratios were larger than those observed with conventional STR genotyping *** risk of locus and allele drop-outs increased dramatically when the amount of DNA in the first PCR was lower than 250 ***-person 50∶1 mixtures were identified as mixtures,whereas 100∶1 and 1000∶1 mixtures were not.Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) alleles were detected in the 100∶1 and 1000∶1 female/male *** ForenSeq^(TM) Universal Analysis Software provided the data analyst with useful alerts that simplified the analysis of the large number of *** of the alerts were due to user-defined,locus-specific *** results shown here indicated that the default settings should be altered for some ***,recommended changes to the assay and software are discussed.

关键词： Forensic science forensic genetics next generation sequencing short tandem repeats single nucleotide polymorphisms ForenSeq^(TM)DNA Signature Prep Kit MiSeq FGx^(TM)Forensic Genomics System

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Phenology of high-arctic butterflies and their floral resources： Species-specific responses to climate change

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Current Zoology 2014年第2期60卷 243-251页

作者： Toke T.HФYE Anne ESKILDSEN Rikke R. HANSEN joseph j.bOWDEN niels M.SCHMIDT W.Daniel KISSLING Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies Hoegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B bldgs. 1630-1632 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark Department ofbioscience Kalo Aarhus University Grenaivej 14 DK-8410 Ronde Denmark Arctic Research Centre Aarhus University C.F. Mollers Allé 8 bldg. 1110 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark Department of bioscience Aarhus Aarhus University Ny Munkegade bldg. 1540 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark Department of bioscience Aarhus University Frederiksborgvej 399 DK-4000 Roskilde Denmark Institute for biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IbED) University of Amsterdam P.O. Box 94248 1090 GE AmsterdamThe Netherlands

Current global warming is particularly pronounced in the Arctic and arthropods are expected to respond rapidly to these changes. Long-term studies of individual arthropod species from the Arctic are, however, virtually absent. We examined butterfly specimens collected from yellow pitfall traps over 14 years （1996-2009） at Zackenberg in high-arctic, north-east Greenland. Specimens were previously sorted to the family level. We identified them to the species level and examined long-term species-specific phenological responses to recent summer wanning. Two species were rare in the samples （Polaris fritillary boloria polaris and Arctic blue Plebejus glandon） and statistical analyses of phenological responses were therefore restricted to the two most abundant species （Arctic fritillary, b. chariclea and Northern clouded yellow Colias hecla）. Our analyses demonstrated a trend towards earlier flight seasons in b. chariclea, but not in C. hecla. The timing of onset, peak and end of the flight season in b. chariclea were closely related to snowmelt, july temperature and their interaction, whereas onset, peak and end of the flight season in C. hecla were only related to timing of snowmelt. The duration of the butterfly flight season was significantly positively related to the temporal overlap with floral resources in both butterfly species. We further demonstrate that yellow pitfall traps are a useful alternative to transect walks for butterfly recording in tundra habitats. More phenological studies of Arctic arthropods should be carded out at the species level and ideally be analysed in context with interacting species to assess how ongoing climate change will affect Arctic biodiversity in the near future [Current Zoology 60 （2）： 243-251, 2014].

关键词： Arctic Arthropod Flight period Greenland Pitfall trap Zackenberg

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Efficacy and biosafety assessment of neuropeptide CAPA analogues against the peach-potato aphid (Myzus persicae)

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Insect Science 2022年第2期29卷 521-530页

作者： Yan Shi Ronald j.Nachman Shun-Hua Gui niels Piot Krzysztof Kaczmarek janusz Zabrocki julian A.T.Dow Shireen-A.Davies Guy Smagghe College of Plant Health and Medicine Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoShandongChina Laboratory of Agrozoology Department of Plants and CropsFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium U.S.Department of Agriculture Insect Neuropeptide LaboratoryInsect Control and Cotton Disease Research UnitSouthern Plains Agricultural Research CenterCollege StationAustinTexasUSA Institute of Entomology Guizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina Institute of Organic Chemistry Lodz University of TechnologyLodz90-924 Poland College of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesInstitute of MolecularCell and Systems BiologyUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK

Insect CAPA neuropeptidesare considered to affect water and ion balance by mediating the physiological metabolism activities of the Malpighian *** previous studies,the CAPA-PK analogue 1895(2Abf-Suc-FGPRLamide)was reported to decrease aphid fitness when administered through microinjection or via topical ***,a further statistically significant decrease in the fitness of aphids and an increased mortality could not be established with pairwise combinations of 1895 with other CAPA *** this study,we assessed the topical application of new combinations of 1895 with five CAPA-PVK analogues on the fitness of *** found that 1895 and CAPA-PVK analogue 2315(ASG-[β3L]-VAFPRVamide)was statistically the most effective combination to control the peach potato aphid Myzus persicae nymphs via topical application,leading to 72%***,the combination(1895+2315)was evaluated against a selection of beneficial insects,that is,a pollinator(bombus terrestris)and three natural enemies(Chrysoperla carnea,Nasonia vitripennis,and Adalia bipunctata).We found no significant influence on food intake,weight increase,and survival for the pollinator and the three representative natural *** results could facilitate to further establish and generate CAPA analogues as alternatives to broad spectrum and less friendly insecticides.

关键词： biosafety assessment insecticidal agents Myzus persicae neuropeptide CAP2b analogues

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Wafer-level hermetically sealed silicon photonic MEMS

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Photonics Research 2022年第2期10卷 I0001-I0008页

作者： Gaehun jo Pierre Edinger Simon j.bleiker Xiacxjing Wang Alain Yuji Takabayashi Hamed Sattari niels Quack Moises jezzini jun Su Lee Peter Verheyen Iman Zand Umar Khan Wim bogaerts Göran Stemme Kristinn b.Gylfason Frank Niklaus Division of Micro and Nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of Technology11428 StockholmSweden École Polytechnique Federate de Lausanne(EPFL) 1015 LausanneSwitzerland Tyndall National Institute Lee Maltings Complex Dyke ParadeT12 R5CP CorkIreland imec vzw.3DSIP Department Si Photonics GroupKapeldreef 753001 LeuvenBelgium Department of Information Technology Photonics Research GroupGhent University-IMEC9052 GentBelgium

The emerging fields of silicon(Si) photonic micro–electromechanical systems(MEMS) and optomechanics enable a wide range of novel high-performance photonic devices with ultra-low power consumption, such as integrated optical MEMS phase shifters, tunable couplers, switches, and optomechanical resonators. In contrast to conventional SiO;-clad Si photonics, photonic MEMS and optomechanics have suspended and movable parts that need to be protected from environmental influence and contamination during operation. Wafer-level hermetic sealing can be a cost-efficient solution, but Si photonic MEMS that are hermetically sealed inside cavities with optical and electrical feedthroughs have not been demonstrated to date, to our knowledge. Here, we demonstrate wafer-level vacuum sealing of Si photonic MEMS inside cavities with ultra-thin caps featuring optical and electrical feedthroughs that connect the photonic MEMS on the inside to optical grating couplers and electrical bond pads on the outside. We used Si photonic MEMS devices built on foundry wafers from the iSiPP50G Si photonics platform of IMEC, belgium. Vacuum confinement inside the sealed cavities was confirmed by an observed increase of the cutoff frequency of the electro-mechanical response of the encapsulated photonic MEMS phase shifters, due to reduction of air damping. The sealing caps are extremely thin, have a small footprint, and are compatible with subsequent flip-chip bonding onto interposers or printed circuit boards. Thus, our approach for sealing of integrated Si photonic MEMS clears a significant hurdle for their application in high-performance Si photonic circuits.

关键词： sealed sealing bonding

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Metabolic and hepatic effects of liraglutide,obeticholic acid and elafibranor in diet-induced obese mouse models of biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第2期24卷 179-194页

作者： Kirstine S Tolbol Maria Nb Kristiansen Henrik H Hansen Sanne S Veidal Kristoffer TG Rigbolt Matthew P Gillum jacob jelsing niels Vrang Michael Feigh Gubra Aps Horsholm DK-2970Denmark Department of biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen DK-2200Denmark Section for Metabolic Imaging and Liver Metabolism The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen DK-2200Denmark Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen DK-2200Denmark

AIM To evaluate the pharmacodynamics of compounds in clinical development for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) in obese mouse models of *** Male wild-type C57 bL/6 j mice(DIO-NASH) and Lep^(ob/ob)(ob/ob-NASH) mice were fed a diet high in trans-fat(40%), fructose(20%) and cholesterol(2%) for 30 and 21 wk, respectively. Prior to treatment, all mice underwent liver biopsy for confirmation and stratification of liver steatosis and fibrosis, using the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score(NAS) and fibrosis staging system. The mice were kept on the diet and received vehicle, liraglutide(0.2 mg/kg, SC, bID), obeticholic acid(OCA, 30 mg/kg PO, QD), or elafibranor(30 mg/kg PO, QD) for eight weeks. Within-subject comparisons were performed on changes in steatosis, inflammation, ballooning degeneration, and fibrosis scores. In addition, compound effects were evaluated by quantitative liver histology, including percent fractional area of liver fat, galectin-3, and collagen 1 *** Liraglutide and elafibranor, but not OCA, reduced body weight in both models. Liraglutide improved steatosis scores in DIO-NASH mice only. Elafibranor and OCA reduced histopathological scores of hepatic steatosis and inflammation in both models, but only elafibranor reduced fibrosis severity. Liraglutide and OCA reduced total liver fat, collagen 1 a1, and galectin-3 content, driven by significant reductions in liver weight. The individual drug effects on NASH histological endpoints were supported by global gene expression(RNA sequencing) and liver lipid *** DIO-NASH and ob/ob-NASH mouse models show distinct treatment effects of liraglutide, OCA, and elafibranor, being in general agreement with corresponding findings in clinical trials for NASH. The present data therefore further supports the clinical translatability and utility of DIO-NASH and ob/ob-NASH mouse models of NASH for probing the therapeutic efficacy of compounds in preclinical d

关键词： Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Disease models Pathology Fibrosis Liver biopsy Transcriptomics Pharmacodynamics Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Farnesoid X receptor

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Shot-noise limited, supercontinuum-based optical coherence tomography

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第7期10卷 1372-1384页

作者： Shreesha Rao D.S. Mikkel jensen Lars Grüner-nielsen jesper Toft Olsen Peter Heiduschka björn Kemper jürgen Schnekenburger Martin Glud Mette Mogensen niels Møller Israelsen Ole bang DTU Fotonik Dept.of Photonics EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkØrsteds Plads2800 Kongens LyngbyDenmark NKT Photonics A/S Blokken 843460 BirkerødDenmark Department of Ophthalmology University of Münster Medical CentreDomagkstr.15D-48149 MünsterGermany biomedical Technology Center of the Medical Faculty University of MünsterMendelstr.17D-48149 MünsterGermany Department of Dermatology Bisbebjerg HospitalUniversity of CopenhagenBispebjerg Bakke 232400 Copenhagen NVDenmark

We present the first demonstration of shot-noise limited supercontinuum-based spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)with an axial resolution of 5.9μm at a center wavelength of 1370 *** supercontinuumbased SD-OCT systems cannot be operated in the shot-noise limited detection regime because of severe pulse-topulse relative intensity noise of the supercontinuum *** overcome this disadvantage,we have developed a low-noise supercontinuum source based on an all-normal dispersion(ANDi)fiber,pumped by a femtosecond *** noise performance of our 90 MHz ANDi fiber-based supercontinuum source is compared to that of two commercial sources operating at 80 and 320 MHz repetition *** show that the low-noise of the ANDi fiber-based supercontinuum source improves the OCT images significantly in terms of both higher contrast,better sensitivity,and improved *** SD-OCT imaging of skin,retina,and multilayer stacks we conclude that supercontinuumbased SD-OCT can enter the domain of shot-noise limited detection.

关键词： fiber optical pumped

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Towards a standard diet-induced and biopsy-confirmed mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Impact of dietary fat source

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第33期25卷 4904-4920页

作者： Michelle L boland Denise Oro Kirstine S T■lb■l Sebastian T Thrane jens Christian nielsen Taylor S Cohen David E Tabor Fiona Fernandes Andrey Tovchigrechko Sanne S Veidal Paul Warrener bret R Sellman jacob jelsing Michael Feigh niels Vrang james L Trevaskis Henrik H Hansen Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolic DiseasesMedImmuneGaithersburgMD 20878United States Pharmacology GubraH■rsholm DK-2970Denmark

bACKGROUND The trans-fat containing AMLN(amylin liver non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)diet has been extensively validated in C57bL/6j mice with or without the Lep^ob/Lep^ob(ob/ob)mutation in the leptin gene for reliably inducing metabolic and liver histopathological changes recapitulating hallmarks of *** to a recent ban on trans-fats as food additive,there is a marked need for developing a new diet capable of promoting a compatible level of disease in ob/ob and C57bL/6j *** To develop a biopsy-confirmed mouse model of NASH based on an obesogenic diet with trans-fat substituted by saturated *** Male ob/ob mice were fed AMLN diet or a modified AMLN diet with trans-fat(Primex shortening)substituted by equivalent amounts of palm oil[Gubra amylin NASH,(GAN)diet]for 8,12 and 16 wk.C57bL/6j mice were fed the same diets for 28 *** and GAN diets had similar caloric content(40%fat kcal),fructose(22%)and cholesterol(2%)*** The GAN diet was more obesogenic compared to the AMLN diet and impaired glucose ***-confirmed steatosis,lobular inflammation,hepatocyte ballooning,fibrotic liver lesions and hepatic transcriptome changes were similar in ob/ob mice fed the GAN or AMLN diet.C57bL/6j mice developed a mild to moderate fibrotic NASH phenotype when fed the same *** Substitution of Primex with palm oil promotes a similar phenotype of biopsyconfirmed NASH in ob/ob and C57bL/6j mice,making GAN diet-induced obese mouse models suitable for characterizing novel NASH treatments.

关键词： Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis High-fat diet Mouse model Histopathology Fibrosis Liver biopsy Liver transcriptome

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