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Statistical modeling of nitrogen-dependent modulation of root system architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第3期58卷 254-265页

作者： Takao Araya Takuya Kubo Nicolaus von Wiren Hideki Takahashi Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingM148824USA Molecular Plant Nutrition Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant ResearchD-06466 GaterslebenGermany Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-0810Japan

Plant root development is strongly affected by nutrient availability. Despite the importance of structure and function of roots in nutrient acquisition,statistical modeling approaches to evaluate dynamic and temporal modulations of root system architecture in response to nutrient availability have remained as widely open and exploratory areas in root biology. In this study,we developed a statistical modeling approach to investigate modulations of root system architecture in response to nitrogen availability. Mathematical models were designed for quantitative assessment of root growth and root branching phenotypes and their dynamic relationships based on hierarchical con figuration of primary and lateral roots formulating the fishbone-shaped root system architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana. Time-series datasets reporting dynamic changes in root developmental traits on different nitrate or ammonium concentrations were generated for statistical analyses. Regression analyses unraveled key parameters associated with：（i） inhibition of primary root growth under nitrogen limitation or on ammonium;（ii） rapid progression of lateral root emergence in response to ammonium; and（iii） inhibition of lateral root elongation in the presence of excess nitrate or ammonium. This study provides a statistical framework for interpreting dynamic modulation of root system architecture,supported by metaanalysis of datasets displaying morphological responses of roots to diverse nitrogen supplies.

关键词： Ammonium mathematical modeling nitrate nitrogen root system architecture

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Light-Triggered Reactions Do Not Bias Boron Deficiency-Induced Root Inhibition of Arabidopsis Seedlings Grown in Petri Dishes

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Molecular Plant 2021年第8期14卷 1211-1214页

作者： Zhaojun Liu Ricardo Fabiano Hettwer Giehl Manuela Desiree Bienert Nicolaus von Wiren Gerd Patrick Bienert Department of Physiology and Cell Biology Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research(IPK)06466 GaterslebenGermany Crop Physiology TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of Munich85354 FreisingGermany Soil Sciences TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of Munich85354 FreisingGermany

Dear Editor,For more than two decades,Arabidopsis thaliana plants have been routinely grown in vitro within transparent Petri dishes containing agar-based solid media.Although convenient to study root developmental,nutritional and morphological responses to abiotic cues and to elucidate gene functions following reverse and forward genetic approaches,this system exposes roots to light during illumination of the shoots.Recently,Zheng et al.(2019)raised serious concerns whether root growth behavior and molecular root reactions in this experimental set-up are solely due to the designedly and chemically defined growth substrate composition,in their case phosphate(Pi)deficiency,or due to light-triggered reactions that are artificially-induced by exposing roots to light.

关键词： Arabidopsis roots Root

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Nutrient-hormone relations:Driving root plasticity in plants

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Molecular Plant 2022年第1期15卷 86-103页

作者： Zhongtao Jia Ricardo F.H.Giehl nicolaus von Wirén Molecular Plant Nutrition Department of Physiology&Cell BiologyLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research(IPK)Corrensstr.306466 Stadt SeelandOT GaterslebenGermany

Optimal plant development requires root uptake of 14 essential mineral elements from the soil.Since the bioavailability of these nutrients underlies large variation in space and time,plants must dynamically adjust their root architecture to optimize nutrient access and acquisition.The information on external nutrient availability and whole-plant demand is translated into cellular signals that often involve phytohormones as intermediates to trigger a systemic or locally restricted developmental response.Timing and extent of such local root responses depend on the overall nutritional status of the plant that is transmitted from shoots to roots in the form of phytohormones or other systemic long-distance signals.The integration of these systemic and local signals then determines cell division or elongation rates in primary and lateral roots,the initiation,emergence,or elongation of lateral roots,as well as the formation of root hairs.Here,we review the cascades of nutrient-related sensing and signaling events that involve hormones and highlight nutrient-hormone relations that coordinate root developmental plasticity in plants.

关键词： root development root plasticity nutrient sensing nutrient signaling plant hormones nutrient use efficiency

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PDX1.1-dependent biosynthesis of vitamin B6 protects roots from ammonium-induced oxidative stress

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Molecular Plant 2022年第5期15卷 820-839页

作者： Ying Liu Rodolfo A.Maniero Ricardo F.H.Giehl Michael Melzer Priscille Steensma Gabriel Krouk Teresa B.Fitzpatrick nicolaus von Wirén Molecular Plant Nutrition Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research(IPK)Corrensstrasse 306466 GaterslebenGermany Structural Cell Biology Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research(IPK)Corrensstrasse 306466 GaterslebenGermany Department of Botany and Plant Biology University of Geneva1211 GenevaSwitzerland BPMP Universitéde MontpellierCNRSINRASupAgroMontpellierFrance State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Despite serving as a major inorganic nitrogen source for plants,ammonium causes toxicity at elevated con-centrations,inhibiting root elongation early on.While previous studies have shown that ammonium-inhibited root development relates to ammonium uptake and formation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in roots,it remains unclear about the mechanisms underlying the repression of root growth and how plants cope with this inhibitory effect of ammonium.In this study,we demonstrate that ammonium-induced apo-plastic acidification co-localizes with Fe precipitation and hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))accumulation along the stele of the elongation and differentiation zone in root tips,indicating Fe-dependent ROS formation.By screening ammonium sensitivity in T-DNA insertion lines of ammonium-responsive genes,we identified PDX1.1,which is upregulated by ammonium in the root stele and whose product catalyzes de novo biosyn-thesis of vitamin B6.Root growth of pdx1.1 mutants is hypersensitive to ammonium,while chemical complementation or overexpression of PDX1.1 restores root elongation.This salvage strategy requires non-phosphorylated forms of vitamin B6 that are able to quench ROS and rescue root growth from ammo-nium inhibition.Collectively,these results suggest that PDX1.1-mediated synthesis of non-phosphorylated B6 vitamers acts as a primary strategy to protect roots from ammonium-dependent ROS formation.

关键词： ammonium nutrition apoplastic pH Fe mobilization root elongation pyridoxine ROS scavenging

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A Critical Role of AMT2;1 in Root-To-Shoot Translocation of Ammonium in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2017年第11期10卷 1449-1460页

作者： Ricardo F.H. Giehl Alberto M. Laginha Fengying Duan Doris Rentsch Lixing Yuan nicolaus von Wirén Department of Physiology and Cell Biology Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Corrensstrasse 3 06466 Gatersleben Germany Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern Aitenbergrain 21 3013 Bern Switzerland Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interaction MOE College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China

Ammonium uptake in plant roots is mediated by AMT/MEP/Rh-type ammonium transporters. Out of five AMTs being expressed in Arabidopsis roots, four AMT1-type transporters contribute to ammonium uptake, whereas no physiological function has so far been assigned to the only homolog belonging to the MEP subfamily, AMT2;1. Based on the observation that under ammonium supply, the transcript levels of AMT2;1 increased and its promoter activity shifted preferentially to the pericycle, we assessed the contribution of AMT2;1 to xylem loading. When exposed to ^15N-labeled ammonium, amt2;1 mutant lines translocated less tracer to the shoots and contained less ammonium in the xylem sap. Moreover, in an amtl;1 amtl;2 amtl ;3 amt2;1 quadruple mutant （qko）, co-expression of AMT2;1 with either AMT1;2 or AMT1;3 significantly enhanced ^15N translocation to shoots, indicating a cooperative action between AMT2;1 and AMT1 transporters. Under N deficiency, proAMT2;1-GFP lines showed enhanced promoter activity predominantly in cortical root cells, which coincided with elevated ammonium influx conferred by AMT2;1 at millimolar sub- strate concentrations. Our results indicate that in addition to contributing moderately to root uptake in the low-affinity range, AMT2;1 functions mainly in root-to-shoot translocation of ammonium, depending on its Cell-type-specific expression in response to the plant nutritional status and to local ammonium gradients.

关键词： nitrogen uptake nitrogen translocation ammonium assimilation xylem loading ammonia transport ammonium influx

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Battle at the entrance gate:CIITA as a weapon to prevent the internalization of SARS-CoV-2 and Ebola viruses

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2020年第1期5卷 226-227页

作者： Rafal Butowt Krzysztof Pyrc Christopher S.von Bartheld L.Rydygier Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityBydgoszczPoland Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology Malopolska Centre of BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityGronostajowa 7a30-387 KrakowPoland Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Cell Biology University of NevadaReno School of MedicineRenoNVUSA

In a recent paper in Science,Bruchez et al.1 provide new insights how host cells can fight virus infection.They show that an MHC class II transactivator(CIITA)—which normally operates as part of the interferon(IFN)-stimulated immune response—is also involved in an antiviral response,beyond its well-known function of antigen presentation.

关键词： CIITA al interferon

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