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Epidemiological and Diagnostic Profile of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus from 2017 to 2021 in Parakou, Republic of Benin

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 147-161页

作者： Khadidjatou Saké Cossi Angelo Attinsounon Aboudou Raϊmi Kpossou Morayo Omm Ani Salami Astrid Alexandrine Hountondji Kofi-Mensa Savi de Tovè Rhonel Ahanhanzo-Glèlè Kpémahoun René Kèkè Sossa Edmond Gbédo Jean Sehonou nicolas Kodjoh Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Health Program to Fight AIDS Cotonou Benin National Program for the Control of Hepatitis Cotonou Benin

Introduction: Viral hepatitis B is a public health problem worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological and diagnostic profile of chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus seen for gastroenterology consultations in Parakou, Republic of Benin. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study with retrospective data collection. Patients seen for gastroenterology consultations from January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2021 at the Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou/Alibori (CHUD-B/A) and having been diagnosed as chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus were included. A minimum initial assessment was required to be included. The minimum sample size was calculated with Schwartz formula. The variable of interest was the detection of HBsAg twice and at least 6 months apart. The other variables studied were sociodemographic, clinical and paraclinical data. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS 17 software. Results: A total of 2786 patients were seen for gastroenterology consultations, including 1126 (40.4%) HBsAg-positive patients. Among them, 417 patients met the inclusion criteria and were the subject of the present study. The average age of the patients was 34.8 ± 10.5 years. Two hundred and forty-seven patients (65.7%) were male, representing a sex ratio of 1.9. The discovery of positive HBsAg status was made during systematic screening in 231 patients (55.4%). Scarifications were noted in 373 patients (89.4%). Asthenia was reported in 184 patients (44.1%). Co-infections with human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C and D viruses were 0% (0 in 92), 2.8% (4 in 146) and 14.3% (2 in 146), respectively. During the initial assessment, 274 patients (65.7%) were sero-negative for chronic HBeAg infection, 21 (5%) had clinically significant fibrosis including 16 (3.8%) at the stage of cirrhosis and 7 patients (5.4%) had hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion: In Parakou, chronic hepatitis B virus infection is common and affects young pe

关键词： Chronic Infection HBV Epidemiology Diagnosis Parakou

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An Immersed Method Based on Cut-Cells for the Simulation of 2D Incompressible Fluid Flows Past Solid Structures

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2019年第4期119卷 165-184页

作者： Francois Bouchon Thierry Dubois nicolas James Université Clermont Auvergne CNRSLMBPF-63000 CLERMONT-FERRANDFrance Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications UMR 7348 Universitéde PoitiersTéléport 2-B.P.30179Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie86962 Futuroscope Chasseneuil CedexFrance

We present a cut-cell method for the simulation of 2D incompressible flows past *** consists in using the MAC scheme on cartesian grids and imposing Dirchlet boundary conditions for the velocity field on the boundary of solid structures following the Shortley-Weller *** order to ensure local conservation properties,viscous and convecting terms are discretized in a finite volume *** scheme is second order implicit in time for the linear part,the linear systems are solved by the use of the capacitance matrix method for non-moving *** results of flows around an impulsively started circular cylinder are presented which confirm the efficiency of the method,for Reynolds numbers 1000 and *** example of flows around a moving rigid body at Reynolds number 800 is also shown,a solver using the PETSc-Library has been prefered in this context to solve the linear systems.

关键词： Immersed boundary methods cutt-cell methods incompressible viscous flows

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胆道纤维化的发生发展与治疗

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中华消化外科杂志 2024年第7期23卷 989-1000页

作者：赵进玉林延延岳平姚佳米宁宁李麻图付文康高龙 Azumi Suzuki Peng F Wong Kiyohito Tanaka Rungsun Rerknimitr Henrik H Junger Tan T Cheung Emmanuel Melloul nicolas Demartines Joseph W Leung 袁金秋 Hans J Schlitt 孟文勃兰州大学第一临床医学院兰州730030 兰州大学第一医院普通外科兰州730030 浜松医学中心消化科日本浜松432-8002 詹姆斯库克大学医院血管外科英国米德尔斯堡TS43BW 京都第二红十字医院消化科日本京都602-8031 朱拉隆功国王纪念医院胃肠内镜卓越中心泰国曼谷10330 雷根斯堡大学医学中心外科德国雷根斯堡93053 香港大学外科学系中国香港999077 洛桑大学医院内脏外科瑞士洛桑CH-1015 加州大学戴维斯分校医学中心和萨克拉门托退伍军人医学中心胃肠肝病科美国萨克拉门托95817 中山大学附属第七医院临床研究中心深圳518107

胆道纤维化(BF)是病理性胆道损伤修复的结果,主要表现为胆管壁的增厚硬化和管腔的进行性狭窄,最终可能导致胆道梗阻、胆汁性肝硬化、肝衰竭、肝胆恶性肿瘤等严重不良结局。目前的研究将BF描述为某些胆管病的病理特征,对其病因、病理生... 详细信息

胆道纤维化(BF)是病理性胆道损伤修复的结果,主要表现为胆管壁的增厚硬化和管腔的进行性狭窄,最终可能导致胆道梗阻、胆汁性肝硬化、肝衰竭、肝胆恶性肿瘤等严重不良结局。目前的研究将BF描述为某些胆管病的病理特征,对其病因、病理生理、分子机制和治疗缺乏系统总结。BF是胆道系统普遍存在但容易被忽略的疾病状态,可能通过病理性胆道损伤后的异常修复机制促进肝胆疾病的发生和进展,笔者结合国内外最新研究进展,综述BF的概念、临床表现、病因、发病机制和治疗策略,为临床医师提供参考。

关键词：胆道疾病纤维化胆管反应病因信号通路治疗

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The roles of MXenes in developing advanced lithium metal anodes

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第6期31卷 132-149,I0005页

作者： nicolas Lucero Dayannara Vilcarino Dibakar Datta Meng-Qiang Zhao Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Newark College of EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ 07103USA Jose Marti Stem Academy Union CityNJ 07087USA Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Newark College of EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ 07103USA

Lithium(Li) metal has emerged as the most promising anode for rechargeable Li batteries owing to its high theoretical specific capacities, low negative electrochemical potential, and superior electrical conductivity. Replacing the conventional graphite anodes with Li metal anodes(LMAs) provides great potential to exceed the theoretical limitations of current commercial Li-ion batteries, leading to nextgeneration high-energy–density rechargeable Li metal batteries(LMBs). However, further development of LMAs is hindered by several inherent issues, such as dangerous dendrite growth, infinite volume change, low Coulombic efficiency, and interfacial side reactions. MXenes, a family of two-dimensional(2 D) transition metal carbides and/or nitrides, have recently attracted much attention to address these issues due to their 2D structure, lithiophilic surface terminations, excellent electrical and ionic conductivity, and superior mechanical properties. Herein, an overview of recent advances in the roles of MXenes for stabilizing LMAs is presented. In particular, strategies of utilizing MXenes as the Li hosts, artificial protection layers, electrolyte additives, and for separator modifications to develop stable and dendrite-free LMAs are discussed. Moreover, a perspective on the current challenges and potential outlooks on MXenes for advanced LMAs is provided.

关键词： MXenes 2D materials Lithium dendrites Lithium metal anodes Stability

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Classification of different sustainable flood retention basin types

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期22卷 898-903页

作者： Michelle Robinson Miklas Scholz nicolas Bastien Jennifer Carfrae Scottish Agricultural College Peter Wilson Building Institute for Infrastructure and Environment School of EngineeringThe University of EdinburghWilliam Rankine Building School of Built Environment Heriot-Watt University

Using a revised version of a previously published expert classification system, a database of potential Sustainable Flood Retention Basins has been developed for Scotland. The research shows that the majority of small and former （often old） drinking water reservoirs are kept full and their spillways are continuously in operation. Utilising some of the available capacity to contribute to flood control could significantly reduce the costs of complying with the European Union Flood Directive. Furthermore, the application of a previously developed classification model for Baden in Germany for the Scottish data set showed a lower diversity for basins in Scotland due to less developed infrastructure. The classification system appears to be robust and has the potential, with minor modifications, to be applied across Europe. The principle value of this approach is a clear and unambiguous categorisation, based on standard variables, which can help to promote communication and understanding between stakeholders.

关键词： classification system diffuse pollution control principal component analysis runoff control sustainable flood retention basin

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Multilayer optics for the EUV and soft X-rays

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光学精密工程 2005年第4期13卷 421-429页

作者： Torsten Feigl Sergiy Yulin nicolas Benoit Norbert Kaiser Fraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena Germany

The demand to enhance the optical resolution, to structure and observe ever smaller details, has pushed the way towards the EUV and soft X-rays. Induced mainly by the production of more powerful electronic circuits with the aid of projection lithography, optics developments in recent years can be characterized by the use of electromagnetic radiation with smaller wavelength. The good prospects of the EUV and soft X-rays for next generation lithography systems (λ=13.5 nm), microscopy in the “water window” (λ=2.3～4.4 nm), astronomy (λ=5～31 nm), spectroscopy, plasma diagnostics and EUV/soft X-ray laser research have led to considerable progress in the development of different multilayer optics. Since optical systems in the EUV/soft X-ray spectral region consist of several mirror elements a maximum reflectivity of each multilayer is essential for a high throughput. This paper covers recent results of the enhanced spectral behavior of Mo/Si, Cr/Sc and Sc/Si multilayer optics.

关键词： EUV X射线多层膜光学涂覆技术 Mo/Si Cr/Sc Sc/Si 光电子技术

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Long-Term Mortality of Children with Congenital Heart Disease Admitted to the Departmental University Hospital of Borgou/Alibori from 2011 to 2022

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases（心血管病） 2024年第3期 166页

作者： Serge Hugues Mahougnon Dohou nicolas Hamondji Amegan Ahmad Ibrahim

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Numerical modeling and parametric sensitivity analysis of heat transfer and two-phase oil and water flow characteristics in horizontal and inclined flowlines using OpenFOAM

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Petroleum Science 2023年第2期20卷 1183-1199页

作者： Nsidibe Sunday Abdelhakim Settar Khaled Chetehouna nicolas Gascoin INSA Centre Val de Loire UniversitéOrléansPRISME EA 4229F-18020BourgesFrance

Estimating the oil-water temperatures in flowlines is challenging especially in deepwater and ultra-deepwater offshore applications where issues of flow assurance and dramatic heat transfer are likely to occur due to the temperature difference between the fluids and the surroundings. Heat transfer analysis is very important for the prediction and prevention of deposits in oil and water flowlines, which could impede the flow and give rise to huge financial losses. Therefore, a 3D mathematical model of oil-water Newtonian flow under non-isothermal conditions is established to explore the complex mechanisms of the two-phase oil-water transportation and heat transfer in different flowline inclinations. In this work, a non-isothermal two-phase flow model is first modified and then implemented in the InterFoam solver by introducing the energy equation using OpenFOAM® code. The Low Reynolds Number (LRN) k-ε turbulence model is utilized to resolve the turbulence phenomena within the oil and water mixtures. The flow patterns and the local heat transfer coefficients (HTC) for two-phase oil-water flow at different flowlines inclinations (0°, +4°, +7°) are validated by the experimental literature results and the relative errors are also compared. Global sensitivity analysis is then conducted to determine the effect of the different parameters on the performance of the produced two-phase hydrocarbon systems for effective subsea fluid transportation. Thereafter, HTC and flow patterns for oil-water flows at downward inclinations of 4°, and 7° can be predicted by the models. The velocity distribution, pressure gradient, liquid holdup, and temperature variation at the flowline cross-sections are simulated and analyzed in detail. Consequently, the numerical model can be generally applied to compute the global properties of the fluid and other operating parameters that are beneficial in the management of two-phase oil-water transportation.

关键词： Flow assurance Flow pattern Heat transfer Flowlines Two-phase flow Global sensitivity analysis

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Acute kidney injury in patients with chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第7期7卷 993-1000页

作者： nicolas Rognant Nephrology Department Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud

Acute kidney injury(AKI) is a frequent clinical event in patients with liver disease, compounding their prognosis. Furthermore, it is likely that the occurrence of AKI has a detrimental impact on the subsequent renal function and the long-term survival of these patients. Recently, some authors advocated the use of new diagnostic criteria for detecting acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis. These criteria are based on the rapidity and extent of the creatinine increase comparing to the basal creatinine and also on the kinetics of diuresis decrease. Although their validity in this population requires further studies to be clearly established, these new criteria could have two advantages:(1) to allow earlier diagnosis of AKI and, thus, hepatorenal syndromefor which earlier intervention could improve patients' survival; and(2) to promote more intensive monitoring of renal function in these patients with high risk of AKI. Finally, recent practice guidelines about the prevention and treatment of general AKI have been published which should be useful in optimising the management of AKI in cirrhotic patients.

关键词： Acute kidney injury Cirrhosis Hepatorenalsyndrome Serum creatinine RIFLE/AKIN classification

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The geography of introgression in a patchy environment and the thorn in the side of ecological speciation

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Current Zoology 2013年第1期59卷 72-86页

作者： nicolas BIERNE Pierre-Alexandre GAGNAIRE Patrice DAVID Universit6 Montpellier 2 Place Eugene Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France ISEM - CNRS UMR 5554 SMEL 2 rue des Chantiers 34200 S6te France CEFE - CNRS UMR 5175 34293 MontpeUier Cedex 5 France

When incompletely isolated taxa coexist in a patchy environment （e.g. mosaic hybrid zones, host-race complexes）, patterns of variation may differ between selected traits/genes and neutral markers. While the genetic structure of selected traits/loci tends to coincide with habitat variables （producing Genetic-Environment Association or GEA）, genetic differentiation at neutral loci unlinked to any selected locus rather depends on geographic connectivity at a large scale （e.g. Isolation- By-Distance or IBD）, although these loci often display GEA at a small scale. This discrepancy has been repeatedly taken as evi- dence for parallel primary divergence driven by local adaptation. We argue that this interpretation needs to be addressed more thoroughly by considering the alternative hypothesis that speciation was initiated in allopatry and secondary introgression has subsequently erased the signal of past differentiation at neutral loci. We present a model of neutral introgression after secondary contact in a mosaic hybrid zone, which describes how GEAs dissipate with time and how neutral variation self-organizes accord- ing to the environmental and geographic structures. We show that although neutral loci can be affected by environmental selection they are often more affected by history and connectivity： the neutral structure retains the initial geographic separation more than it correlates with the environment during the colonization and introgression phases, and then converges to a migration-drift balance, the most frequent outcome of which is GEA at a local scale but IBD at a large scale. This is the exact pattern usually attributed to parallel ecological speciation. Introgression is heterogeneous in space and depends on the landscape structure （e.g. it is faster in small patches, which are more impacted by immigration）. Furthermore, there is no directionality in the association and it is possi- ble to observe reversed GEAs between distant regions. We argue that the his

关键词： Ecological speciation Local adaptation Mosaic hybrid zone Reproductive isolation Genetic-environment association

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