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Organic petrographic and mineralogical composition of the No. 6 coal seam of the Soutpansberg Coalfield, South Africa: Insights into paleovegetation and depositional environment

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International journal of Coal Science & Technology 2024年第3期11卷 190-207页

作者： Sanki Biswas nicola j.Wagner Ofentse M.Moroeng DSI-NRF CIMERA/PPM Research Group Department of GeologyUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa

This study investigates the paleodepositional conditions of the No.6 Seam of the Madzaringwe Formation in Makhado and Voorburg south area of the Soutpansberg Coalfield(Limpopo Province,South Africa)utilizing organic petrography and inorganic geochemical *** coals are predominantly high-volatile bituminous B-A rank with high ash yields(avg.36.1 wt%),characterized by high-vitrinite(~41.5 vol%),moderate-to-high inertinite(9.8 vol%–33.7 vol%)and low liptinite(~2.3 vol%).The distribution of inertinite varies among different coal horizons(from bottom-lower to middle-upper),suggesting differential oxidation conditions and/or paleofire ***-to-inertinite(V/I)ratio,tissue preservation–gelification index(TPI–GI),and groundwater–vegetation index(GWI–VI)plots,indicate that the peat-forming forest-swamp vegetation accumulated under mesotrophic-to-rheotrophic hydrological *** presence of structured macerals(i.e.,telinite,collotelinite,fusinite,and semifusinite)suggests well-preserved plant tissues,whereas framboidal pyrite and sulphur content(0.24 wt%–2.16 wt%)point to brackish-water influence at the peat *** coals contain quartz,kaolinite,siderite,muscovite,dolomite,calcite,and pyrite minerals,most of which were likely sourced from felsic igneous *** Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)and(Fe+Mn)/Ti ratios for the studied samples range between 0.24–0.97 and 0.57–70.10,*** ratios,Al–Fe–Mn plot,and presence of massive botryoidal-type pyrite imply some influence of meteoric waters or fluids from hydrothermal activity ***,the chemical index of alteration(CIA:98.25–99.67),chemical index of weathering(CIW:92.04–97.66),and A–CN–K ternary diagram suggest inorganic matter suffered strong chemical weathering,indicating warm paleoclimatic conditions during the coal formation.

关键词： Macerals Coal facies Geochemical-indices Hydrothermal Madzaringwe formation Soutpansberg Coalfield

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Long-lived lunar volcanism sustained by precession-driven core-mantle friction

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 114-123页

作者： Shuoran Yu Xiao Xiao Shengxia Gong nicola Tosi jun Huang Doris Breuer Long Xiao Dongdong Ni State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macau University of Science and Technology Planetary Science Institute State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences CAS Key Laboratory of Planetary Sciences Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Institute of Planetary Research German Aerospace Centre(DLR)

Core-mantle friction induced by the precession of the Moon's spin axis is a strong heat source in the deep lunar mantle during the early phase of a satellite's evolution, but its influence on the long-term thermal evolution still remains poorly explored. Using a one-dimensional thermal evolution model, we show that core-mantle friction can sustain global-scale partial melting in the upper lunar mantle until ～3.1 Ga, thus accounting for the intense volcanic activity on the Moon before ～3.0 Ga. Besides, core-mantle friction tends to suppress the secular cooling of the lunar core and is unlikely to be an energy source for the long-lived lunar core dynamo. Our model also favours the transition of the Cassini state before the end of the lunar magma ocean phase(～4.2 Ga), which implies a decreasing lunar obliquity over time after the solidification of the lunar magma ocean. Such a trend of lunar obliquity evolution may allow volcanically released water to be buried in the lunar regolith of the polar regions. As a consequence, local water ice could be more abundant than previously thought when considering only its accumulation caused by solar wind and comet spreading.

关键词： Moon precession orbit volcanism

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An electropenetrography waveform library for the probing and ingestion behaviors of Culex tarsalis on human hands

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1165-1186页

作者： Anastasia M.W.cooper Samuel B.jameson Victoria Pickens Cameron Osborne Elaine A.Backus Kristopher Silver Dana N.Mitzel Department of Entomology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA Department of Tropical Medicine Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLos AngelesUSA USDA Agricultural Research Service San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences CenterParlierCaliforniaUSA National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility USDA Agricultural Research ServiceManhattanKansasUSA

Culex tarsalis Coquillett(Diptera:Culicidae)mosquitoes are capable of vectoring numerous pathogens affecting public and animal ***,the probing behaviors of mosquitoes are poorly understood because they occur in opaque ***(EPG)has the potential to elucidate these behaviors by recording the electrical signals generated during *** used an AC–DC EPG with variable input resistors(Ri levels)to construct a waveform library for *** feeding on human *** events associated with mosquito probing were used to characterize waveforms at four Ri levels and with two electrical current *** optimal settings for EPG recordings of *** probing on human hands was an Ri level of 10^(7)Ohms using an applied signal of 150 millivolts alternating *** for *** included those previously observed and associated with probing behaviors in Aedes aegypti L.(Diptera:Culicidae):waveform families j(surface salivation),K(stylet penetration through the skin),L(types 1 and 2,search for a blood vessel/ingestion site),M(types 1 and 2,ingestion),N(type 1,an unknown behavior which may be a resting and digestion phase),and W(withdrawal).However,we also observed variations in the waveforms not described in ***,which we named types L3,M3,M4,and *** investigation enhances our understanding of mosquito probing *** also provides a new tool for the automated calculation of peak *** work will facilitate future pathogen acquisition and transmission studies and help identify new pest and disease management targets.

关键词： AC-DC blood feeders electrical penetration graph EPG human hands mosquitoes waveform library

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Collisionless shock acceleration of protons in a plasma slab produced in a gas jet by the collision of two laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 12-25页

作者： j.-R.Marquès L.Lancia P.Loiseau P.Forestier-Colleoni M.Tarisien E.Atukpor V.Bagnoud C.Brabetz F.Consoli j.Domange F.Hannachi P.nicolaï M.Salvadori B.Zielbauer LULI CNRSÉcole PolytechniqueCEASorbonne UniversitéInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance CEA DAMDIF91297 Arpajon CedexFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance CENBG CNRS-IN2P3Universitéde Bordeaux33175 Gradignan CedexFrance GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany University of Darmstadt Schloßgartenstr.764289 DarmstadtGermany ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety Department C.R.FrascatiVia Enrico Fermi 45FrascatiRomeItaly CELIA Universitéde Bordeaux–CNRS–CEA33405 TalenceFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay CEALIDYL91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

We have recently proposed a new technique of plasma tailoring by laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves generated on both sides of a gas jet[Marquès et al.,*** 28,023103(2021)].In a continuation of this numerical work,we study experimentally the influence of the tailoring on proton acceleration driven by a high-intensity picosecond laser in three cases:without tailoring,by tailoring only the entrance side of the picosecond laser,and by tailoring both sides of the gas *** tailoring,the acceleration is transverse to the laser axis,with a low-energy exponential spectrum,produced by Coulomb *** the front side of the gas jet is tailored,a forward acceleration appears,which is significantly enhanced when both the front and back sides of the plasma are *** forward acceleration produces higher-energy protons,with a peaked spectrum,and is in good agreement with the mechanism of collisionless shock acceleration(CSA).The spatiotemporal evolution of the plasma profile is characterized by optical shadowgraphy of a probe *** refraction and absorption of this beam are simulated by post-processing 3D hydrodynamic simulations of the plasma *** with the experimental results allows estimation of the thickness and near-critical density of the plasma slab produced by tailoring both sides of the gas *** parameters are in good agreement with those required for CSA.

关键词： acceleration hydrodynamic collision

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Ca^(2+) binding to the C_(2)E domain of otoferlin is required for hair cell exocytosis and hearing

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Protein & Cell 2024年第4期15卷 305-312页

作者： Han Chen Mehar Monga Qinghua Fang Loujin Slitin jakob Neef Shashank S.Chepurwar Regina Célia Mingroni Netto Karina Lezirovitz Alfredo Tabith,jr. Fritz Benseler Nils Brose Kathrin Kusch Carolin Wichmann nicola Strenzke Barbara Vona julia Preobraschenski Tobias Moser Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab University Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Collaborative Research Center 889 University of Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Auditory Neuroscience and Synaptic Nanophysiology Group Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences37075 GöttingenGermany Göttingen Graduate Center for Neurosciences Biophysics and Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Biochemistry of Membrane Dynamics Group Institute for Auditory NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Molecular Architecture of Synapses Group Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration University Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Auditory Systems Physiology Group Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-TroncoInstituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloSão Paulo 05508-220Brazil Laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia/LIM32 Faculdade de MedicinaHospital das ClínicasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSP 05508-220Brazil DERDIC Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São PauloSão Paulo 05508-220Brazil Department of Molecular Neurobiology Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences37075 GöttingenGermany Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence(MBExC) University of Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Functional Auditory Genomics Group Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics LaboratoryGerman Primate Center37077 GöttingenGermany Hearing Genomics Group Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Institute of Human Genetics University Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany

Dear Editor,Afferent synapses of cochlear inner hair cells(IHCs)employ a unique molecular machinery(see extended background in Supplementary Materials).Otoferlin is a key player in this machinery and its defects cause human auditory synaptopathy(Moser and Starr,2016).Otoferlin,a tail-anchored(Vogl et al.,2016)multi-C_(2)-domain protein(Fig.1Ai)specific to hair cells(Roux et al.,2006),is a member of the ferlin protein family involved in membrane trafficking and repair that are of major disease relevance(Pangršičet al.,2012),also see Supplementary *** is distributed broadly within IHCs(Fig.2Ai-Aiii;Pangrsic et al.,2010;Roux et al.,2006).

关键词： auditory hair

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成人2型糖尿病不同筛查及预防策略成本效益分析

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英国医学杂志中文版 2008年第5期11卷 278-282页

作者： Clare L Gillies Paul C Lambert Keith R Abrams Alex j Sutton nicola j cooper Ron T Hsu Melanie j Davies Kamlesh Khunti 张晓梅(译) 纪立农(校) Centre for Biostatistics and Genetic Epidemiology Department of Health Sciences University of LeicusterLeicester LE1 7RH Department of Cardiovascular Sciences University of leicester Division of General Practice and Primary Health Care Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Leicester

目的比较针对2型糖尿病预防及治疗的4种筛查策略及随后予以的干预措施：（a）筛查2型糖尿病患者使其能接受早期检查及治疗，（b）筛查2型糖尿病和糖耐量受损患者，对糖耐量受损的人群予以生活方式干预以延缓或预防糖尿病的发生，（c）... 详细信息

目的比较针对2型糖尿病预防及治疗的4种筛查策略及随后予以的干预措施：（a）筛查2型糖尿病患者使其能接受早期检查及治疗，（b）筛查2型糖尿病和糖耐量受损患者，对糖耐量受损的人群予以生活方式干预以延缓或预防糖尿病的发生，（c）同（b）但予以药物干预措施，（d）不筛查。设计成本效益决策分析建立在对概率的发展和评估基础上，是从筛查到死亡的综合性经济决策分析模型。研究对象一组假设人群，筛查时年龄45岁，高于平均糖尿病风险水平。数据来源电子书目数据库收录的已发表的临床试验和流行病学研究；补充数据分别来自英国和威尔士健康统计署、风险筛查（STAR）研究和ADDITION研究的Leicester部分。方法建立一种决策树／Markov混合模型，以模拟每一种筛查策略的长期效用，包括临床和成本效益终点。该模型假设水平跨度为50年时间，其成本效益折损率为3．5％。采用敏感度分析以验证模型假设及确定哪种模型数据输入对结果的影响最大。结果与不筛查策略比较，筛查2型糖尿病、筛查糖尿病和糖耐量受损并予以生活方式干预、筛查糖尿病和糖耐量受损并予以药物干预治疗3种策略，每获得一个质量调整生命年（QALY）估计所需成本分别为（每年成本效益贴现率为3．5％）14150英镑（17560欧元；27860美元）、6242英镑和7023英镑。在支付意愿阈值为20000英镑时，各主动筛查策略通过干预产生的成本效益概率分别为49％，93％和85％。结论对年龄45岁、高于平均风险水平的人群进行2型糖尿病和糖耐量受损的筛查，并对糖耐量受损人群予以适当的干预似乎具有很好的成本效益。单独筛查糖尿病而不对糖耐量受损人群予以干预的策略具有的成本效益仍不确定，需要进一步研究确定早期检测糖尿病的作用。

关键词：成本效益分析 2型糖尿病预防策略筛查药物干预治疗糖耐量受损生活方式干预质量调整生命年

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Parkinson's disease: From genetics to molecular dysfunction and targeted therapeutic approaches

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第3期10卷 786-798页

作者： Yue Huang jun Wei Antony cooper Margaret j.Morris China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100070China Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100070China Department of Pharmacology School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine&HealthUNSWSydneyNSW 2052Australia The Garvan Institute of Medical Research SydneyNSW 2010Australia St Vincent's Clinical School Faculty of Medicine&Healthand School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesFaculty of ScienceUNSWSydneyNSW 2052Australia

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder in the elderly. As the pathogenesis of PD is still not fully understood, medications with the capacity of halting the disease progression are currently unavailable. The discovery of genes that are causative for, or increase susceptibility to PD is pivotal for the development of novel therapeutic approaches, as they are critical for the onset of PD and the molecular pathways underlying its pathogenesis. By reviewing relevant data, we discuss causative genes, and those associated with PD susceptibility and quantitative traits. Through Gene Ontology database and STRING analysis, we emphasize the roles of inorganic cation transmembrane transport pathways and hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis, in addition to the established roles of inflammation/oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PD. It is hoped these insights 1) untangle the clinical complex presentations of PD, 2) reveal the interwoven molecular network leading to PD, and 3) identify critical molecular targets to facilitate novel PD drug discovery, with a view to providing improved consultation and personalized medicine for patients with PD in the future.

关键词： Drug discovery Genetics Molecular function Parkinson's disease Quantitative traits

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Prospective associations between joint categories of physical activity and insomnia symptoms with onset of poor mental health in a population-based cohort

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第3期12卷 295-303页

作者： Mitch j Duncan Elizabeth G Holliday nicola W Burton Nicholas Glozier Stina Oftedal School of Medicine and Public Health College of HealthMedicineand WellbeingThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia School of Applied Psychology Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD 4122Australia Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD 4122Australia Brain and Mind Centre Central Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneyNSW 2050Australia

Background:Physical inactivity and insomnia symptoms are independently associated with increased risk of depression and anxiety;however,few studies jointly examine these risk *** study aimed to prospectively examine the joint association of physical activity(PA)and insomnia symptoms with onset of poor mental health in ***:Participants from the 2013 to 2018 annnual waves of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia panel study who had good mental health(Mental Health Inventory-5>54)in 2013,and who completed at least 1 follow-up survey(2014-2018),were included(n=10,977).Poor mental health(Mental Health Inventory-5≤54)was assessed ***(2013)PA was classified as high/moderate/low,and insomnia symptoms(i.e.,trouble sleeping)were classified as no insomnia symptoms/insomnia symptoms,with 6 mutually exclusive PAinsomnia symptom groups *** of PA-insomnia symptom groups with onset of poor mental health were examined using discrete-time proportional-hazards logit-hazard ***:There were 2322 new cases of poor mental health(21.2%).Relative to the high PA/no insomnia symptoms group,there were higher odds(odds ratio and 95%confidence interval(95%CI))of poor mental health among the high PA/insomnia symptoms(OR=1.87,95%CI:1.57-2.23),moderate PA/insomnia symptoms(OR=1.93,95%CI:1.61-2.31),low PA/insomnia symptoms(OR=2.33,95%CI:1.96-2.78),and low PA/no insomnia symptoms(OR=1.14,95%CI:1.01-1.29)*** level of PA combined with insomnia symptoms was associated with increased odds of poor mental health,with the odds increasing as PA ***:The se findings highlight the potential benefit of interventions targeting both PA and insomnia symptoms for promoting mental health.

关键词： Depression Physical activity Sleep quality

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Interference screws *** anchors for isolated medial patellofemoral ligament femoral fixation:A systematic review

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 123-129页

作者： Filippo Migliorini Alice Baroncini jörg Eschweiler Markus Tingart nicola Maffulli Department of Orthopaedics University Clinic AachenRheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule(RWTH)Aachen University ClinicAachen 52074Germany Department of Medicine Surgery and DentistryUniversity of SalernoBaronissi 84081Italy School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering School of MedicineKeele UniversityStoke on Trent ST47QBUK Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryMile End HospitalQueen Mary University of LondonLondon E14DGUK

Purpose:The present study aimed to systematically review and compare 2 femoral autograft fixation techniques,namely,interference screws and suture anchors,for isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in patients with recurrent patellofemoral instability at mid-to long-term ***:A literature search was performed in September *** studies reporting the outcomes of primary isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for recurrent patellofemoral instability were considered for *** studies reporting the type of femoral autograft fixation under examination were *** reporting data from patients with elevated tibial tuberosity-tibial groove,patella alta,and/or Dejour’s trochlear dysplasia types C and D,were not *** articles reporting data with a minimum follow-up period of 18 months were ***:Data from 19 studies(615 patients)were *** overall age was 24.4±6.7 years(mean±SD).The mean follow-up was 46.5±20.9 *** were 76 patients in the anchor group and 539 in the screw *** was found with regard to age and follow-up duration between the 2 study *** was comparability between the Kujala,Lysholm,and Tegner scores at *** the last follow-up,no worthy differences were found in terms of mean Kujala(+2.1%;p=0.04),Lysholm(+1.7%;p=0.05),and Tegner(+15.8%;p=0.05)*** complications occurred almost exclusively in the screw cohort,no statistically significant difference was ***:Femoral autograft fixation through interference screws or suture anchors report similar clinical scores and rate of apprehension test,persistent joint instability,re-dislocations,and *** results must be interpreted within the limitations of the present study.

关键词： Femoral fixation Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction Patellofemoral instability

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解决预防高血压的社会决定因素(RESTORE)网络:预防高血压的健康公平研究网络概述

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中华高血压杂志(中英文) 2024年第1期32卷 100-100页

作者： Spruill TM Muntner P Popp Cj Shimbo D cooper LA Moran AE Penko j Bibbins-Domingo K Ibe C Nnodim OI Howard G Bellows BK Spoer BR Ravenell j Cherrington AL Levy P Commodore-Mensah Y juraschek SP Molello N Dietz KB Brown D Bartelloni A Ogedegbe G 刘青

美国心脏协会资助了一个预防高血压的健康公平研究网络(addressing social determinants to prevent hypertension,RESTORE Network),作为其在所有社区实现健康公平的一部分,本文将概述RESTORE网络。方法:RESTORE网络包括五项独立的随...

美国心脏协会资助了一个预防高血压的健康公平研究网络(addressing social determinants to prevent hypertension,RESTORE Network),作为其在所有社区实现健康公平的一部分,本文将概述RESTORE网络。方法:RESTORE网络包括五项独立的随机试验,测试实施非药物干预措施的方法,这些干预措施已被证实可以降低血压。这些试验以社区为基础,地点包括阿拉巴马州农村的教堂、密歇根州的流动医疗中心、

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