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From Alliance to Tutelage： A Historical Analysis of Manchu-Mongol Relations before the Qing Conquest

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Frontiers of History in China 2012年第2期7卷 175-197页

作者： nicola di Cosmo Institute for Advanced Study Princeton University Princeton NJ 08540 USA

Before 1644, the Manchu rulers pursued a deliberate policy of alliances with the southern （later ＂Inner＂） Mongol tribes. In the 1630s the system of treaties and alliances gave way to the creation of the League-Banner system, the jasaq system, and the Lifan Yuan. The new territorial and political organization meant that the southern Mongols, while retaining a degree of autonomy, became subjects of the Qing dynasty. This essay explores the historical circumstances of the transformation of the relationship between Manchus and Mongols from partnership to subordination. It also aims to explain the political principles deployed by the Manchus in the redefinition of their relationship with the Mongol elites. More specifically, the essay proposes that the new forms of administration of Inner Mongolia stemmed from a condition of ＂tutelage.＂ Tutelage was not simply imposed by the Manehus upon their erstwhile allies, but actively sought by Mongol aristocrats in the context of the intra-Mongol wars carried out by the Caqar leader Ligdan Khan.

关键词： Manchus Mongols southem Mongols Qing tutelage alliance Ligdan Khan

Performance evaluation of permissioned blockchains for financial applications: The ConsenSys Quorum case study

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2022年第1期3卷 1-12页

作者： Marco Mazzoni Antonio Corradi Vincenzo di nicola Conio Inc. c/o The Orrick Building405 Howard StreetSan FranciscoCA94105USA department of Computer Science and Engineering University of BolognaViale Risorgimento 2BolognaItaly

Given the availability of several blockchain technologies in permissioned contexts,blockchain application designers have to cope with the increasing complexity of choosing which technology and consensus algorithm best fit a specific use ***,the lack of a standard framework allowing to assess the scalability of permissioned blockchain platforms and to compare performances and features of consensus algorithms makes the development of a sensible evaluation a costly and difficult time-consuming *** this article,we propose a practical scalability and applicability evaluation of the Quorum blockchain and its consensus *** we apply our evaluation workflow to a financial use case,we define a methodology that can be generalized to any permissioned blockchain *** leverage Hyperledger Caliper as a benchmarking tool,and docker as a deployment tool,making our analysis easy to be repeated,cross-platform,and cost-effective.

关键词： Blockchain Consensus Benchmark Quorum Cryptocurrency

MECHANICS OF CARBON NANOSCROLLS: A REVIEW

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2010年第6期23卷 484-497页

作者： Xinghua Shi nicola M. Pugno Huajian Gao School of Engineering Brown University 610 Barus & Holley 182 Hope Street Providence RI 02912 USA Laboratory of Bio-inspired Nanomechanics 'Giuseppe Maria Pugno ' Department of Structural Engineering Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Torino Italy

Carbon nanoscrolls （CNSs） belong to the same class of carbon-based nanomaterials as carbon nanotubes but are much less studied in spite of their great potential for applications in nanotechnology and bioengineering. Fundamental description, understanding and regulation of such materials will ultimately lead to a new generation of integrated systems that utilize their unique properties. In this review, we describe some of the recent advances in theoretical investi- gation on structural and dynamical behavior of CNS, as well as relevant simulation techniques. Theoretically it has been found that a stable equilibrium core size of CNS can be uniquely determined or tuned from the basal graphene length, the interlayer spacing, the interaction energy between layers of CNS and the bending stiffness of graphene. Perturbations of the surface energy, which can be controlled by an electric field, will cause a CNS to undergo breathing oscillatory motion as well as translational rolling motion on a substrate. The tunable core size of CNS also enables it to serve potentially as transmembrane water channels in biological systems.

关键词： Graphene

Metrically measuring liver biopsy:A chronic hepatitis B and C computer-aided morphologic description

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第48期14卷 7335-7344页

作者： nicola dioguardi Fabio Grizzi Barbara Fiamengo Carlo Russo Laboratories of Quantitative Medicine Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS department of Pathology Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS

AIM： To describe a quantitative analysis method for liver biopsy sections with a machine that we have named ＂dioguardi Histological Metriser＂ which automatically measures the residual hepatocyte mass （including hepatocytes vacuolization）, inflammation, fibrosis and the loss of liver tissue ***： We analysed digitised images of liver biopsy sections taken from 398 patients, The analysis with dioguardi Histological Metriser was validated by comparison with semi-quantitative scoring ***： The method provides：（1） the metrical extension in two-dimensions （the plane） of the residual hepatocellular set, including the area of vacuoles pertinent to abnormal lipid accumulation; （2） the geo- metric measure of the inflammation basin, which distinguishes intra-basin space and extra-basin dispersed parenchymal leukoo/tes; （3） the magnitude of collagen islets, （which were considered truncated fractals and classified into three degrees of magnitude）; and （4） the tectonic index that quantifies alterations （disorders） in the organization of liver tissue. dioguardi Histological Metriser machine allows to work at a speed of 0.1 mm^2/s, scanning a whole section in 6-8 ***： The results are the first standardized metrical evaluation of the geometric properties of the parenchyma, inflammation, fibrosis, and alterations in liver tissue tectonics of the biopsy sections. The present study confirms that biopsies are still valuable, not only for diagnosing chronic hepatitis, but also for quantifying changes in the organization and order of liver tissue structure.

关键词： Liver measurement Image analysis Liverlesion Liver tectonics

Fecal calprotectin in coeliac disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第2期20卷 611-612页

作者： Pietro Capone Antonio Rispo nicola Imperatore nicola Caporaso Raffaella Tortora Gastroenterology Department of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryUniversity "Federico Ⅱ" of Naples80131 NapoliItaly

We would like to share with the readers the results of our experience in 50 celiac disease (Cd) patients, enrolled between September 2012 and April 2013, who were referred to our third-level Cd Unit. The fecal calprotectin (FC) concentration of 50 adults with newly diagnosed Cd was compared to that of a control group of 50 healthy subjects. FC level was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay with diagnostic cut-off of 75 μg/g. In addition, we tried to correlate the FC level with symptoms, histological severity of Cd (Marsh grade) and level of tissue transglutaminase antibodies (aTg) in Cd patients. Finally, FC level was increased in five Cd patients and in four controls (10% vs 8%, P = NS); mean FC concentration of patients and controls were 57.7 (Sd ± 29.1) and 45.1 (Sd ± 38.4) respectively. Furthermore, no significant correlation was seen between FC levels and symptoms/Marsh grade/aTg. The five Cd patients did not show inflammatory lesions (e.g., ulcers, erosions) at upper endoscopy. The four healthy controls with positive FC were followed-up for further six months; in this observational period they did not show clinical signs of any underlying disease. On these bases, we think that FC is not able to investigate the subclinical inflammatory changes of active Cd and FC should be considered a useless tool in the diagnostic work-up of uncomplicated Cd but it should be accompanied by aTg when ruling out organic disease in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

关键词： Coeliac disease Calprotectin Bowel inflammation Small bowel

Key elements required to publish a good article:consensus among executive editors of Traditional Chinese Medicine and integrative medicine journals——a delphi study

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2015年第3期35卷 335-342页

作者： Hu Xiaoyang Robinson nicola Yu He Liu Jianping School of Health and Social Care London South Bank University School of Basic Medicine Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese Medicine

OBJECTIVE:To explore consensus among Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)/ integrative medicine(IM) journal executive editors in China regarding:(a)Their perceptions about the differences between papers published in Chinese/English journals;(b)the key elements required for publishing a good quality paper;(c) how editors manage and decide on the manuscripts submitted to their ***:A three classic round delphi was conducted with a purposive sample of TCIWIM Chinese journal executive *** key themes and items generated from six open ended questions in the first round were redistributed to the editors in two subsequent questionnaire rounds and scored on a five-point Likert ***,reliability and stability of responses were assessed between the editors in the same round and between ***:All ten editors initially agreeing to participate completed the three rounds,provided 60 comments in the first round,relating to 6 themes on:elements of publishing good quality article;differences between Chinese and English published articles;reasons for low quality of Chinese studies;maintaining the journal's good reputation;initiatives and strategies;and differences between Chinese and English versions of the same *** levels of consensus were reached for 97%***-class correlation(ICC) coefficient for agreement among editors was high in both second and third round and there was a good stability between the two ***:High inter/intra-editor agreement was identified in the differences between TCM/IM research papers published in English and *** standards and probity are keys in elevating the reputation of ***' perspectives in maintaining and improving quality journal can be viewed as fundamental for editors and researchers in publishing any articles.

关键词： Medicine,Chinese Traditional Integrative medicine delphi Publication quality Editors' perspectives

Identifying the most important spatially distributed variables for explaining land use patterns in a rural lowland catchment in Germany

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2019年第11期29卷 1788-1806页

作者： Chaogui LEI Paul d.WAGNER nicola FOHRER Institute for Natural Resource Conservation Kiel University

Land use patterns arise from interactive processes between the physical environment and anthropogenic activities. While land use patterns and the associated explanatory variables have often been analyzed on the large scale, this study aims to determine the most important variables for explaining land use patterns in the 50 km2 catchment of the Kielstau, Germany, which is dominated by agricultural land use. A set of spatially distributed variables including topography, soil properties, socioeconomic variables, and landscape indices are exploited to set up logistic regression models for the land use map of 2017 with detailed agricultural classes. Spatial validation indicates a reasonable performance as the relative operating characteristic (ROC) ranges between 0.73 and 0.97 for all land use classes except for corn (ROC = 0.68). The robustness of the models in time is confirmed by the temporal validation for which the ROC values are on the same level (maximum deviation 0.1). Non-agricultural land use is generally better explained than agricultural land use. The most important variables are the share of drained area, distance to protected areas, population density, and patch fractal dimension. These variables can either be linked to agriculture or the river course of the Kielstau.

关键词： land use pattern logistic regression model rural lowland catchment Germany

HOW ARE PROdUCT-SERVICE COMBINEd OFFERS PROVIdEd IN GERMANY ANd ITALY?ANALYSIS WITH COMPANY SIZES ANd COUNTRIES

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2008年第3期17卷 367-381页

作者： Tomohiko SAKAO nicola NAPOLITANO Massimo TRONCI Erik SUNdIN Mattias LINdAHL Institute for Product development and Machine Elements Darmstadt University of TechnologyGermany department of Management and Engineering Linkping UniversitySweden department of Mechanics and Aeronautics University of Rome"La Sapienza"Italy

A new business concept that offers products and services in a different way of traditional product-sales businesses is getting more attention especially in manufacturing industries. This paper investigates how this new business by means of integration of products and services is achieved in Germany and Italy. In addition, it analyzes the differences according to the company sizes. The results include that this type of business is in many cases motivated by their focus on customers and often consists of physical products and their maintenance. The Italian companies, as opposed to the German ones, often design their physical products specifically for this type of offers. From the analysis based on the size difference, small companies are found to achieve specific design for this type of offers while owning physical products. There do not seem to be any established methods or tools developed to support the development of such offers and within such methods/tools there would be room for more adaptation in form of physical product design.

关键词： Product-service combination functional sales integrated product service engineering service management product design maintenance

Biobanking in the digital pathology era

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Oncology Research 2021年第4期29卷 229-233页

作者： GIUSEPPINA BONIZZI LORENZO ZATTONI nicola FUSCO Biobank for Translational and digital Medicine Unit Division of PathologyIEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSUniversity of MilanMilan20141Italy

digital Pathology is becoming more and more important to achieve the goal of precision *** in whole-slide imaging,software integration,and the accessibility of storage solutions have changed the pathologists’clinical practice,not only in terms of laboratory workﬂow but also for diagnosis and biomarkers *** parallel with the pathology setting advancement,translational medicine is approaching the unprecedented opportunities unrevealed by artiﬁcial intelligence(AI).Indeed,the increased usage of biobanks’datasets in research provided new challenges for AI applications,such as advanced algorithms,and computer-aided *** this scenario,machine learning-based approaches are being propose in order to improve biobanks from biospecimens collection repositories to computational *** date,evidence on how to implement digital biobanks in translational medicine is still *** viewpoint article summarizes the currently available literature that supports the biobanks’role in the digital pathology era,and to provide possible practical applications of digital biobanks.

关键词： Biobank Pathology digital pathology Biomarkers Translational research