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Multisensory mechanisms of gait and balance in Parkinson’s disease:an integrative review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 82-92页

作者： Stiven Roytman Rebecca Paalanen Giulia Carli Uros Marusic Prabesh Kanel Teus van Laar nico I.Bohnen Department of Radiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Neurology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Morris K.Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Institute for Kinesiology Research Science and Research Centre KoperKoperSlovenia Department of Health Sciences Alma Mater Europaea–ECMMariborSlovenia Parkinson’s Foundation Research Center of Excellence University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Neurology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Neurology Service and GRECC VA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMIUSA

Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging *** and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous *** effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory *** mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present *** multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older *** emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and *** the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s *** also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older ***,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： aging balance encephalography functional magnetic resonance imaging gait multisensory integration Parkinson’s disease positron emission tomography somatosensory vestibular visual

The shape that matters:how important is biodiversity for ecosystem functioning?

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第3期65卷 651-653页

作者： nico Eisenhauer German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Puschstr.404103 LeipzigGermany Institute of Biology Leipzig UniversityPuschstr.404103 LeipzigGermany

How important is biodiversity for the functioning of ecosystems?This central question in ecology has been addressed in hundreds of studies over the last three *** there is broad consensus regarding the significant role of biodiversity in ecosystems,current research explores how much biodiversity is needed to maximize ecosystem functioning and which biodiversity facets are the most critical ones(Eisenhauer et al.,2019).

关键词： biodiversity ecosystems hundreds

A quark nova in the wake of a core-collapse supernova:a unifying model for long duration gamma-ray bursts and fast radio bursts

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020年第2期20卷 119-186页

作者： Rachid Ouyed Denis Leahy nico Koning Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary

By appealing to a quark nova(QN;the explosive transition of a neutron star to a quark star) in the wake of a core-collapse supernova(CCSN) explosion of a massive star,we develop a unified model for long duration gamma-ray bursts(LGRBs) and fast radio bursts(FRBs).The time delay(years to decades)between the SN and the QN,and the fragmented nature(i.e.,millions of chunks) of the relativistic QN ejecta are key to yielding a robust LGRB *** our model,an LGRB light curve exhibits the interaction of the fragmented QN ejecta with turbulent(i.e.,filamentary and magnetically saturated) SN ejecta which is shaped by its interaction with an underlying pulsar wind nebula(PWN).The afterglow is due to the interaction of the QN chunks,exiting the SN ejecta,with the surrounding *** model can fit BAT/XRT prompt and afterglow light curves simultaneously with their spectra,thus yielding the observed properties of LGRBs(e.g.,the Band function and the X-ray flares).We find that the peak luminositypeak photon energy relationship(i.e.,the Yonetoku law),and the isotropic energy-peak photon energy relationship(i.e.,the Amati law) are not fundamental but ***-like emission in our model results from coherent synchrotron emission(CSE) when the QN chunks interact with non-turbulent weakly magnetized PWN-SN ejecta,where conditions are prone to the Weibel *** field amplification induced by the Weibel instability in the shocked chunk frame sets the bunching length for electrons and pairs to radiate *** resulting emission frequency,luminosity and duration in our model are consistent with FRB *** find a natural unification of high-energy burst phenomena from FRBs(i.e.,those connected to CCSNe) to LGRBs including X-ray flashes(XRFs) and X-ray rich GRBs(XRR-GRBs) as well as superluminous SNe(SLSNe).We find a possible connection between ultra-high energy cosmic rays and FRBs and propose that a QN following a binary neutron star merger can yiel

关键词： stars:neutron stars:quark pulsars:general supernovae:general gamma-ray burst:general fast radio burst:general

Is diabetes mellitus a risk factor for pancreatic cancer?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第30期19卷 4861-4866页

作者： Raffaele Pezzilli nico Pagano Department of Digestive Diseases and Internal Medicine Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital40138 BolognaItaly

The relationship between diabetes mellitus and the risk of pancreatic cancer has been a matter of study for a long period of *** importance of this topic is due to two main causes:the possible use of recent onset diabetes as a marker of the disease and,in particular,as a specific marker of pancreatic cancer,and the selection of a population at risk for pancreatic ***,we decided to make an in-depth study of this topic;thus,we carried out an extensive literature search in order to re-assess the current knowledge on this *** if diabetes is found a decade before the appearance of pancreatic cancer as reported in meta-analytic studies,we cannot select those patients already having non detectable pancreatic cancer,at least with the imaging and biological techniques available *** believe that more studies are necessary in order to definitively identify diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for pancreatic cancer taking into consideration that approximately 10 years are needed to diagnose symptomatic pancreatic *** present,the answer to the as to whether diabetes and pancreatic cancer comes first similar to the adage of the chicken and the egg is that diabetes is the egg.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Obesity Pancreatic neoplasms Risk factors Clinical studies

SN 2009ip and SN 2010mc as dual-shock Quark-Novae

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2013年第12期13卷 1463-1470页

作者： Rachid Ouyed nico Koning Denis Leahy Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW

In recent years a number of double-humped supernovae （SNe） have been discovered. This is a feature predicted by the dual-shock Quark-Nova （QN） model where an SN explosion is followed （a few days to a few weeks later） by a QN explo- sion. SN 2009ip and SN 2010mc are the best observed examples of double-humped SNe. Here, we show that the dual-shock QN model naturally explains their light curves including the late time emission, which we attribute to the interaction between the mixed SN and QN ejecta and the surrounding circumstellar matter. Our model applies to any star （O-stars, luminous blue variables, Wolf-Rayet stars, etc.） provided that the mass involved in the SN explosion is ~ 20 Mo which provides good conditions for forming a QN.

关键词： circumstellar matter -- stars: evolution -- stars: winds outflows --supernovae: general -- supernovae: individual (SN 2009ip SN 2010mc)

Hints of a second explosion(a quark nova) in Cassiopeia A supernova

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2015年第4期15卷 483-500页

作者： Rachid Ouyed Denis Leahy nico Koning Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary

We show that the explosive transition of the neutron star （NS） to a quark star （QS）（a Quark Nova） in Cassiopeia A （Cas A） a few days following the supernova （SN） proper can account for several of the puzzling kinematic and nucleosynthetic features that are observed. The observed decoupling between Fe and 44Ti and the lack of Fe emission within 44Ti regions is expected in the QN model owing to the spallation of the inner SN ejecta by relativistic QN neutrons. Our model predicts the 44Ti to be more prominent to the NW of the central compact object （CCO） than in the SE and little of it along the NE-SW jets, in agreement with NuStar observations. Other intriguing features of Cas A are addressed, such as the lack of a pulsar wind nebula and the reported few percent drop in the CCO temperature over a period of 10 yr.

关键词： ISM: individual object (Cassiopeia A) -- ISM: supemova remnants --stars: neutron

Stress granules: friend or foe in neurodegenerative disorders?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 403-404页

作者： Shanshan Xu nico P.Dantuma Department of Cell and Molecular Biology(CMB) Karolinska InstitutetSolnavägen 9S-17165 StockholmSweden

Neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,despite the diversity in clinical symptoms,share a striking feature at the cellular level:the accumulation of insoluble aggregates of misfolded proteins that are sequestered in intraneuronal inclusion *** mutations in disease-associated proteins that render them aggregation-prone,the decline of protein homeostasis(***)with aging is also believed to be a contributing factor to the accumulation of protein aggregates.

关键词： degenerative homeostasis clinical

Recent progress in rodent biology and management

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第4期6卷 297-298页

作者： nico L.AVENANT ICRBM4 Local Organising Committee National Museum and Centre for Environmental Management University of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa

managementEDITORIALWith more than 2275 species,rodents constitute ap-proximately 42%of all mammalian species(Wilson&Reeder 2005).They occur in a wide variety of habitats,including deserts,rainforests,sub-Antarctic islands and Alpine *** are generally abundant and often dominate mammal communities in human inhabited ar-eas,where they have become part of the socio-ecological *** than 5%of all rodent species can be consid-ered as pests(Singleton et al.2003).These are,however,important vectors for a number of pathogens,while oth-er species physically threaten human lives through their devastating impact on crops and grain stores:especially during population explosions when densities might soar to>1000/ha!However,rodents are an important link in the food chain and impact directly and indirectly upon ecosystem functioning.

关键词： habitat stores crops

Application of wavelet support vector regression on SAR data de-noising

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2011年第4期22卷 579-586页

作者： Yi Lin Shaoming Zhang Jianqing Cai nico Sneeuw Research Center of Remote Sensing and Spatial Technology Tongji University Shanghai 200092 P. R. China Institute of Geodesy University of Stuttgart D-70174 Stuttgart Germany

A new filtering method for SAR data de-noising using wavelet support vector regression （WSVR） is developed. On the basis of the grey scale distribution character of SAR imagery, the logarithmic SAR image as a noise polluted signal is taken and the noise model assumption in logarithmic domain with Gaussian noise and impact noise is proposed. Based on the better per- formance of support vector regression （SVR） for complex signal approximation and the wavelet for signal detail expression, the wavelet kernel function is chosen as support vector kernel func- tion. Then the logarithmic SAR image is regressed with WSVR. Furthermore the regression distance is used as a judgment index of the noise type. According to the judgment of noise type every pixel can be adaptively de-noised with different filters. Through an approximation experiment for a one-dimensional complex signal, the feasibility of SAR data regression based on WSVR is con- firmed. Afterward the SAR image is treated as a two-dimensional continuous signal and filtered by an SVR with wavelet kernel function. The results show that the method proposed here reduces the radar speckle noise effectively while maintaining edge features and details well.

关键词： synthetic aperture radar (SAR) support vector regres-sion (SVR) kernel function wavelet analysis function approximation.