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Reconstructing seafloor age distributions in lost ocean basins

Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第2期12卷 769-780页

作者： Simon Williams nicky m.wright John Cannon Nicolas Flament R.Dietmar müller Department of Geology Northwest UniversityXi’an710069China State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Northwest UniversityXi’an710069China Research School of Earth Sciences The Australian National UniversityACT2601Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes The Australian National UniversityACT2601Australia EarthByte Group School of GeosciencesUniversity of SydneyAustralia GeoQuEST Research Centre School of EarthAtmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongNorthfields AvenueNSW2522Australia

Reconstructions of past seafloor age make it possible to quantify how plate tectonic forces,surface heat flow,ocean basin volume and global sea level have varied through geological ***,past ocean basins that have now been subducted cannot be uniquely reconstructed,and a significant challenge is how to explore a wide range of possible ***,we investigate possible distributions of seafloor ages from the late Paleozoic to present using published full-plate reconstructions and a new,efficient seafloor age reconstruction workflow,all developed using the open-source software *** test alternative reconstruction models and examine the influence of assumed spreading rates within the Panthalassa Ocean on the reconstructed history of mean seafloor age,oceanic heat flow,and the contribution of ocean basin volume to global sea *** reconstructions suggest variations in mean seafloor age of~15 myr during the late Paleozoic,similar to the amplitude of variations previously proposed for the Cretaceous to *** reconstructed oceanic age-area distributions are broadly compatible with a scenario in which the long-period fluctuations in global sea level since the late Paleozoic are largely driven by changes in mean seafloor *** suggestions of a constant rate of seafloor production through time can be modelled using our workflow,but require that oceanic plates in the Paleozoic move slower than continents based on current reconstructions of continental motion,which is difficult to reconcile with geodynamic studies.

关键词： Plate reconstructions Sea level Seafloor spreading

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What do teachers see?Perceptions of school-time physical activity programs on student behavior

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第1期9卷 50-52,F0003页

作者： Jennifer m.Sacheck Catherine m.wright Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Milken Institute School of Public HealthThe George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA Gerald J.and Dorothy R.Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts UniversityBostonMA 02111USA

In the United States, children are not meeting daily recommendationsfor 60 min of moderate・to・vigorous activity.1Because children spend a large portion of their days in school, ithas been further recommended that children accumulate 30 minof their physical activity (PA) during school hours.2 Our previousresearch has demonstrated with objective measures that only8%—9% of elementary school children meet this goal, with anaverage accumulation of 18 min/day.3,4 This finding is of concerngiven the numerous benefits that PA has not only on healthoutcomes,5-8 but also on academic achievement.9 For example,there is heightened awareness that children benefit from PAthroughout the school day in terms of attention to task, memory,behavior, and, ultimately, academic performance.10 Schooladministrators acknowledge this link, but still face barriers toincorporating PA for schoolchildren, including limited time andresources for physical education (PE) and recess.

关键词： spend behavior school

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Spatial variability in carbon dioxide exchange processes within wet sedge meadows in the Canadian High Arctic

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Advances in Polar Science 2021年第1期32卷 1-19页

作者： Claire m.wright Amy C.BLASER Paul m.TREITZ Neal A.SCOTT Department of Geography and Planning Queen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanadaK7L 3N6

Wet sedge meadows are the most productive plant communities in the High ***,the controls on carbon dioxide(CO_(2))exchange processes within wet sedge communities-and the scale at which they operate-are poorly ***,the factors controlling CO_(2)exchange of wet sedge meadows experiencing different moisture regimes are *** data are used to create predictive models of CO_(2)exchange on multiple temporal *** chamber systems recorded CO_(2)fluxes at 30-minute intervals at wet sedge sites in the Canadian High Arctic from June to August in 2014 and *** chambers were also deployed over a larger spatial extent in *** results show that wet sedge communities were strong CO_(2)sinks during the growing season(−7.67 to−44.36 g C·m^(−2)).CO_(2)exchange rates in wetter and drier areas within wet sedge meadows differed significantly(Wilcoxon,pmoisture regimes within vegetation types influence net CO_(2)*** Forest models explained a significant amount of the variability in CO_(2)flux rates over time(R2=0.46 to 0.90).The models showed that the drivers of CO_(2)exchange in these communities vary *** moisture regimes indirectly influenced CO_(2)fluxes given that they exhibit different vegetation and temperature-response *** suggest that the response of a single vegetation type to environmental changes may vary depending on microenvironment variability within that community.

关键词： High Arctic carbon dioxide exchange wet sedge soil moisture

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Protective effect of unilateral vasospasm in the setting of HHH-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome:case report, review of the literature, and treatment considerations

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Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 2019年第1期5卷 47-55页

作者： Alankrita Raghavan Jordan Xu James m.wright Christina Huang wright Benjamin miller Yin Hu School of medicine Case Western Reserve University2109 Adelbert RoadClevelandOH 44106USA Department of Neurological Surgery University of California Irvine SOM1001 Health Sciences RdIrvineCA 92617USA Department of Neurological Surgery University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center11100 Euclid AvenueClevelandOH 44106USA Department of Neurology University of Minnesota420 Delaware St SEMinneapolisMN 55455USA

Background:Hyperdynamic therapy,also called triple-H therapy,is the standard treatment and prophylaxis for aneurysmal-associated *** patients who are able to tolerate cardiopulmonary stressors induced by this therapy,it is of benefit as a modality for prevention and treatment of delayed ischemic neurologic ***,it can be a cause of significant cardiopulmonary or neurologic *** rare cases,it can be associated with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome(PRES),secondary to prolonged vasopressor and hypertensive *** presentation:We present the case of a patient with right-sided aneurysmal-associated vasospasm who,after 10 days of triple-H therapy,experienced a seizure and was found to have left-sided ***-sided vasospasm served as a protective mechanism from triple-H therapy-associated *** presented a treatment conundrum due to contradictory perfusion *** therapy was curtailed and in efforts to preserve local cerebral perfusion and vasodilation,local therapy with intrathecal nicardipine was *** present our case,a review of the literature,and management ***:Therapies that have conventionally functioned as second line treatments for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(intra-arterial vasodilators and intrathecal vasodilators)may be beneficial as earlier treatments in the setting of vasospasm given the systemic difficulties and complications associated with HHH therapy in patients with PRES.

关键词： Subarachnoid hemorrhage Hyperdynamic therapy Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome

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Nanoscale viscoelastic properties and adhesion of polydimethylsiloxane for tissue engineering

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Acta mechanica Sinica 2014年第1期30卷 2-6页

作者： J.Chen K.E.wright m.A.Birch School of mechanical & Systems Engineering Newcastle University Arthritis Research UK (ARUK) Tissue Engineering Centre Institute of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityUK Research UK (ARUK) Tissue Engineering Centre Institute of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityUK St James’ University Hospital University of Leeds UK

It has shown that altering crosslink density of biopolymers will regulate the morphology of mesenchymal Stem Cells （mSCs） and the subsequent mSCs differentia- tion. These observations have been found in a wide range of biopolymers. However, a recent work published in Nature materials has revealed that mSCs morphology and differen- tiation was unaffected by crosslink density of polydimethyl- siloxane （PDmS）, which remains elusive. To understand such unusual behaviour, we use nanoindentation tests and modelling to characterize viscoelastic properties and sur- face adhesion of PDmS with different base：crosslink ratio varied from 50：1 （50D） to 10：1 （10D）. It has shown that lower crosslink density leads to lower elastic moduli. De- spite lower nanoindentation elastic moduli, PDmS with lowest crosslink density has higher local surface adhesion which would affect cell-biomaterials interactions. This work suggests that surface adhesion is likely another important physical cue to regulate cell-biomaterials interactions.

关键词： Bioploymer- Nanoindentation- Viscoelasticity Surface adhesion

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Combined analysis of land cover change and NDVI trends in the Northern Eurasian grain belt

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2012年第2期6卷 177-187页

作者： Christopher K. wright Kirsten m. de BEURS Geoffrey m. HENEBRY South Dakota State University Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence (GIScCE) Brookings South Dakota 57007 USA The University of Oklahoma Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability Norman OK 73019 USA

We present an approach to regional environ- mental monitoring in the Northern Eurasian grain belt combining time series analysis of mODIS normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） data over the period 2001-2008 and land cover change （LCC） analysis of the 2001 and 2008 mODIS Global Land Cover product （mCD 12Q 1）. NDVI trends were overwhelmingly negative across the grain belt with statistically significant （p ≤0.05） positive trends covering only 1% of the land surface. LCC was dominated by transitions between three classes; cropland, grassland, and a mixed cropland/natural vegeta- tion mosaic. Combining our analyses of NDVI trends and LCC, we found a pattern of agricultural abandonment （cropland to grassland） in the southern range of the grain belt coinciding with statistically significant （p≤0.05） negative NDVI trends and likely driven by regional drought. In the northern range of the grain belt we found an opposite tendency toward agricultural intensification; in this case, represented by LCC from cropland mosaic to pure cropland, and also associated with statistically significant （p≤0.05） negative NDVI trends. Relatively small clusters of statistically significant （p ≤ 0.05） positive NDVI trends corresponding with both localized land abandonment and localized agricultural intensification show that land use decision making is not uniform across the region. Land surface change in the Northern Eurasian grain belt is part of a larger pattern of land cover land use change （LCLUC） in Eastern Europe, Russia, and former territories of the Soviet Union following realignment of socialist land tenure and agricultural markets. Here, we show that a combined analysis of LCC and NDVI trends provides a more complete picture of the complex- ities of LCLUC in the Northern Eurasian grain belt,involving both broader climatic forcing, and narrower anthropogenic impacts, than might be obtained from either analysis alone.

关键词： land cover change mODIS NDVI NorthernEurasian grain belt Kazakhstan Russia time seriesanalysis Ukraine

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Simple and customizable method for fabrication of high-aspect ratio microneedle molds using low-cost 3D printing

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2019年第1期5卷 250-263页

作者： Kevin J.Krieger nicky Bertollo manita Dangol John T.Sheridan madeleine m.Lowery Eoin D.O’Cearbhaill UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland School of mechanical&materials Engineering University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland School of Electrical&Electronic Engineering University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland

We present a simple and customizable microneedle mold fabrication technique using a low-cost desktop SLA 3D *** opposed to conventional microneedle fabrication methods,this technique neither requires complex and expensive manufacturing facilities nor expertise in *** most low-cost 3D-printed microneedles to date display low aspect ratios and poor tip sharpness,we show that by introducing a two-step“Print&Fill”mold fabrication method,it is possible to obtain high-aspect ratio sharp needles that are capable of penetrating *** first the effect of varying design input parameters and print settings,it is shown that printed needles are always shorter than *** decreasing input height,needles also begin displaying an increasingly greater than specified needle base *** factors contribute to low aspect ratio needles when attempting to print submillimeter height *** setting input height tall enough,it is possible to print needles with high-aspect ratios and tip radii of 20–40μ*** tip sharpness is smaller than the specified printer ***,high-aspect ratio sharp needle arrays are printed in basins which are backfilled and cured in a second step,leaving sub-millimeter microneedles exposed resulting microneedle arrays which can be used as male *** female master molds are then formed from the fabricated microneedle *** the molds,both carboxymethyl cellulose loaded with rhodamine B as well as polylactic acid microneedle arrays are produced and their quality examined.A skin insertion study is performed to demonstrate the functional capabilities of arrays made from the fabricated *** method can be easily adopted by the microneedle research community for in-house master mold fabrication and parametric optimization of microneedle arrays.

关键词： needle cost printer

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The efficacy and effectiveness of machine learning for weaning in mechanically ventilated patients at the intensive care unit: a systematic review

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Bio-Design and manufacturing 2019年第1期2卷 31-40页

作者： man Ting Kwong Glen wright Colopy Anika m.Weber Ari Ercole Jeroen H.m.Bergmann Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordParks Road. Oxford OXI 3PJ. UK snap40 Inc.125 Princess Street Edinburgh EH2 4AD UK CRUK/mRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology.Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ. UK Division of Anaesthesia Addenbrooke's Hospital University of Cambridge Hills Road Cambridge CB2 0QQ. UK

Weani ng from mechanical ventilation in the in tensive care unit (ICU) is a complex clinical problem and relevant for future organ engineering. Prolonged mechanical ventilation (mV) leads to a range of medical complications that increases length of stay and costs as well as contributes to morbidity and even mortality and long-term quality of life. The need to reduce mV is both clinical and economical. Artificial intelligence or machine learning (mL) methods are promising opportunities to positively influence patient outcomes. mL methods have been proposed to enhance clinical decisions processes by using the large amount of digital information generated in the ICU setting. There is a particular interest in empirical methods (such as mL) to improve management of "difficult-to-wean" patients, due to the associated costs and adverse events associated with this population. A systematic literature search was performed using the OVID, IEEEXplore, Pubmed, and Web of Science databases. All publications that included (1) the application of mL to weaning from mV in the ICU and (2) a clinical outcome measurement were reviewed. A checklist to assess the study quality of medical mL publications was modified to suit the critical assessment of mL in mV weaning literature. The systematic search identified nine studies that used mL for weaning management from mV in critical care. The weaning management application areas included (1) prediction of successful spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs),(2) prediction of successful extubation,(3) prediction of arterial blood gases, and (4) ventilator setting and oxygenation-adjustment advisory systems. Seven of the nine studies scored seven out of eight on the quality index. The remaining two of the nine studies scored one out of eight on the quality index. This scoring may, in part, be explained by the publications' focus on technical novelty, and therefore focusing on issues most important to a technical audience, instead of issues most impor

关键词： Artificial intelligence Patient-centred medicine Clinical trial Critical care Data science

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Recent Advances in the Quantitative Characterisation of mechanical Scale Failure

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中国腐蚀与防护学报 2009年第4期29卷 313-314页

作者： m. SCHUTZE I. wright P. TORTORELLI Karl-Winnacker-Institut der DECHEmA e. V. 60061 Frankfurt am main Germany metals and Ceramics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA

1 Introduction In the past,several oxide scale failure models were developed for different types of failure,and approaches exist to combine these models with oxide failure *** most well known concept is described in E... 详细信息

关键词：金属腐蚀防护氧化

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Review of Clinically Relevant Drug Interactions with Next Generation Hepatitis C Direct-acting Antiviral Agents

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2020年第3期8卷 322-335页

作者： Jenny Hong Robert C.wright Nilu Partovi Eric m.Yoshida Trana Hussaini Pharmaceutical Sciences Vancouver General HospitalVancouverBCCanada Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Liver Transplant Program Vancouver General HospitalVancouverBCCanada Division of Gastroenterology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada

In this review,we examine the pharmacokinetics and clinically relevant drug interactions of the newer generation direct-acting antivirals(DAAs)for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C,specifically sofosbuvir/velpatasvir(Epclusa®),sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir(Vosevi®),glecaprevir/pibrentasvir(maviret®),and elbasvir/grazoprevir(Zepatier®).We searched mEDLINE(1948-January 2020),Embase(1964-January 2020),Google,and GoogleScholar using the terms pharmacokinetics,drug interaction,drug metabolism,sofosbuvir,velpatasvir,Epclusa,voxilaprevir,Vosevi,glecaprevir,pibrentasvir,maviret,elbasvir,grazoprevir,and Zepatier,from inception to January 13,*** search was limited to randomized controlled trials,in vitro studies,prospective and retrospective human studies,drug monographs,abstracts,and conference *** relevant published literature on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions involving DAAs were reviewed and the data *** clinically relevant drug-drug interactions(DDIs)were identified with the newer generation DAAs and commonly prescribed ***3/4A protease inhibitors are more likely to be involved in DDIs,followed by NS5A inhibitors and NS5B polymerase *** majority of clinically relevant DDIs are predictable,according to known pharmacokinetic,pharmacodynamics,and physicochemical properties of DAAs;however,in select cases,unpredictable DDIs do *** expected,many drug interactions exist between newer generation DAAs and commonly prescribed *** the majority of clinically relevant interactions are predictable,many require therapeutic dose adjustment or careful selection of non-interacting *** select cases,severe and unpredictable drug interactions can *** should consult hepatitis C virus pharmacotherapy experts and tertiary drug interaction resources when initiating DAA therapy in patients taking other medications.

关键词： Hepatitis C Drug interactions Pharmacokinetics Direct-acting antiviral agents

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