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Software for automated classification of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy videos of colorectal polyps

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第39期18卷 5560-5569页

作者： Barbara André Tom Vercauteren Anna m Buchner murli Krishna nicholas Ayache michael B Wallace Image Computing Group Mauna Kea Technologies75010 ParisFrance Asclepios Research Team The National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control Sophia Antipolis06902 Sophia AntipolisFrance Division of Gastroenterology Hospital of theUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States Laboratory medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic Hospital in JacksonvilleJacksonvilleFL 3224United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Hospital in JacksonvilleJacksonvilleFL 3224United States

AIm:To support probe-based confocal laser endomi-croscopy (pCLE) diagnosis by designing software for the automated classification of colonic polyps. mETHODS:Intravenous fluorescein pCLE imaging of colorectal lesions was performed on patients under-going screening and surveillance colonoscopies, followed by polypectomies. All resected specimens were reviewed by a reference gastrointestinal pathologist blinded to pCLE information. Histopathology was used as the criterion standard for the differentiation between neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. The pCLE video sequences, recorded for each polyp, were analyzed off-line by 2 expert endoscopists who were blinded to the endoscopic characteristics and histopathology. These pCLE videos, along with their histopathology diagnosis, were used to train the automated classification software which is a content-based image retrieval technique followed by k-nearest neighbor classification. The performance of the off-line diagnosis of pCLE videos established by the 2 expert endoscopists was compared with that of automated pCLE software classification. All evaluations were performed using leave-one-patient- out cross-validation to avoid bias. RESULTS:Colorectal lesions (135) were imaged in 71 patients. Based on histopathology, 93 of these 135 lesions were neoplastic and 42 were non-neoplastic. The study found no statistical significance for the difference between the performance of automated pCLE software classification (accuracy 89.6%, sensitivity 92.5%, specificity 83.3%, using leave-one-patient-out cross-validation) and the performance of the off-line diagnosis of pCLE videos established by the 2 expert endoscopists (accuracy 89.6%, sensitivity 91.4%, specificity 85.7%). There was very low power (< 6%) to detect the observed differences. The 95% confidence intervals for equivalence testing were:-0.073 to 0.073 for accuracy, -0.068 to 0.089 for sensitivity and -0.18 to 0.13 for specificity. The classification software proposed i

关键词：视频软件自动分类共聚焦内镜大肠基础激光探针

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Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and ligand (PD-L1) inhibitors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第3期8卷 177-186页

作者： Dylan A.Levy Jaimin J.Patel Shaun A.Nguyen W.nicholas Jungbauer David m.Neskey Ezra E.W.Cohen Chrystal m.Paulos John A.Kaczmar Hannah m.Knochelmann Terry A.Day Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Department of Cell and molecular Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Department of medicine Division of Hematology-OncologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA Department of microbiology and Immunology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA SDepartment of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Division of Hematology&Oncology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUsA

Background: PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors have emerged as promising treatments for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in HNSCC. Outcomes: median overall survival (mOS), median progression-free survival (mPFS), Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs).Results: Eleven trials reported data on 1088 patients (mean age: 59.9 years, range: 18-90). The total mOS was 7.97 months (range: 6.0-16.5). mean mPFS for all studies was 2.84 months (range: 1.9-6.5). PD-1 inhibitors had a lower rate of RECIST Progressive Disease than PD-L1 inhibitors (42.61%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 36.29-49.06 vs. 56.79%, 95% CI: 49.18-64.19,P meta-analysis shows the efficacy of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in HNSCC and suggests a possible difference in certain RECIST criterion between PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors. Future work to investigate the clinical significance of these findings is warranted.

关键词： antibodies disease progression head and neck neoplasms humanized meta-analysis monoclonal squamous cell carcinoma of the neck

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machine-learning-based head impact subtyping based on the spectral densities of the measurable head kinematics

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第5期12卷 619-629,F0003页

作者： Xianghao Zhan Yiheng Li Yuzhe Liu nicholas J.Cecchi Samuel J.Raymond Zhou Zhou Hossein Vahid Alizadeh Jesse Ruan Saeed Barbat Stephen Tiernan Olivier Gevaert michael m.Zeineh Gerald A.Grant David B.Camarillo Department of Bioengineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Department of Biomedical Data Science Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Ford motor Company 3001 Miller RdDearbornMI 48120USA Technological University Dublin DublinD07 EWV4Ireland Department of Radiology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Department of Neurosurgery Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

Background:Traumatic brain injury can be caused by head impacts,but many brain injury risk estimation models are not equally accurate across the variety of impacts that patients may undergo,and the characteristics of different types of impacts are not well *** investigated the spectral characteristics of different head impact types with kinematics ***:Data were analyzed from 3262 head impacts from lab reconstruction,American football,mixed martial arts,and publicly available car crash data.A random forest classifier with spectral densities of linear acceleration and angular velocity was built to classify head impact types(e.g.,football,car crash,mixed martial arts).To test the classifier robustness,another 271 lab-reconstructed impacts were obtained from 5 other instrumented ***,with the classifier,type-specific,nearest-neighbor regression models were built for brain ***:The classifier reached a median accuracy of 96% over 1000 random partitions of training and test *** most important features in the classification included both low-and high-frequency features,both linear acceleration features and angular velocity *** head impact types had different distributions of spectral densities in low-and high-frequency ranges(e.g.,the spectral densities of mixed martial arts impacts were higher in the high-frequency range than in the low-frequency range).The type-specific regression showed a generally higher R2value than baseline models without ***:The machine-learning-based classifier enables a better understanding of the impact kinematics spectral density in different sports,and it can be applied to evaluate the quality of impact-simulation systems and on-field data augmentation.

关键词： Classification Contact sports Head impacts Impact kinematics Traumatic brain injuryTagedAPTARAEnd

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6-weekly bevacizumab versus 4-weekly ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration:a 2-year outcome

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第4期9卷 551-555页

作者： Patrick J Chiam Vivian W Ho nicholas m Hickley Venkat Kotamarthi St.Paurs Eye Unit Royal Liverpool University HospitalLiverpool L7 8XPUK Eye Care Centre Leighton HospitalCrewe CW1 4Q JUK Eye Department Leicester Royal InfirmaryLeicester LE15WWUK

AIm： To compare visual acuity and central macular thickness（CmT） changes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients treated with either 6weekly bevacizumab regimen or 4 weekly ranibizumab on an as required basis.·mETHODS： Patients made an informed choice between bevacizumab 1.25 mg or ranibizumab 0.5 mg. The selected treatment was administered in the first 3 *** patients were followed-up 6 weekly and ranibizumab 4 weekly. Retreatment criteria was based on the reduction of 〉5 letters in the best-corrected visual acuity（BCVA）, the presence of retinal fluid on optical coherence tomography（OCT） or new retinal haemorrhage.·RESULTS： Visual acuity at 2y bevacizumab patients gained 7. 0 letters and ranibizumab 9. 2（ P = 0. 31, 95 %CI-6.4 to 2.0）. At 2y 86% of bevacizumab and 94%ranibizumab patients had not lost 15 letters or more（P =0.13）. mean CmT decreased at 2y bevacizumab by 146 μm,ranibizumab 160 μm（P =0.72）. mean number of injections was at 2y bevacizumzb 11.9, ranibizumab 10.3（P =0.023）.· CONCLUSION： Bevacizumab 6 weekly on an as required basis was not demonstrably non-inferior to ranibizumab 4 weekly pro re nata（prn） in terms of BCVA and change in CmT. In the bevacizumab group, one more injection was required in the second year compared to the ranibizumab group.

关键词： bevacizumab ranibizumab neovascular age-related macular degeneration treatment on as required basis

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Delayed referral for liver transplant evaluation worsens outcomes in chronic liver disease patients requiring inpatient transplant evaluation

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World Journal of Transplantation 2023年第4期13卷 169-182页

作者： Katherine m Cooper Alessandro Colletta nicholas J Hathaway Diana Liu Daniella Gonzalez Arslan Talat Curtis Barry Anita Krishnarao Savant mehta Babak movahedi Paulo N martins Deepika Devuni Department of medicine UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01605United States Department of medicine Division of GastroenterologyUMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01605United States Department of Surgery Transplant DivisionUMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01605United States

BACKGROUND Indications to refer patients with cirrhosis for liver transplant evaluation(LTE)include hepatic decompensation or a model for end stage liver disease(mELDNa)score≥*** studies have evaluated how delaying referral beyond these criteria affects patient *** To evaluate clinical characteristics of patients undergoing inpatient LTE and to assess the effects of delayed LTE on patient outcomes(death,transplantation).mETHODS This is a single center retrospective cohort study assessing all patients undergoing inpatient LTE(n=159)at a large quaternary care and liver transplant center between 10/23/2017-7/31/*** referral was defined as having prior indication(decompensation,mELD-Na≥15)for LTE without *** referral was defined as referrals made within 3 mo of having an indication based on practice *** regression and Cox Hazard Regression were used to evaluate the relationship between delayed referral and patient *** many patients who require expedited inpatient LTE had delayed *** regarding transplant candidacy were a leading cause of delayed ***,delayed referrals negatively affected overall patient outcome and an independent predictor of both death and not receiving a *** referral was associated with a 2.5 hazard risk of *** Beyond initial access to an liver transplant(LT)center,delaying LTE increases risk of death and reduces risk of LT in patients with chronic liver *** is substantial opportunity to increase the percentage of patients undergoing LTE when first clinically *** is crucial for providers to remain informed about the latest guidelines on liver transplant candidacy and the transplant referral process.

关键词： Liver transplantation Liver transplant evaluation Liver transplant referral Patient access Equity Patient outcomes

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Positioning Australia for the Future

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Engineering 2020年第8期6卷 857-859页

作者： nicholas Brown John Dawson Ryan Ruddick Director of National Geodesy Geoscience AustraliaAustralia Director of Positioning Geoscience AustraliaAustralia Director of GNSS Infrastructure and Informatics Geoscience AustraliaAustralia

*** In 2018,the Australian Commonwealth Government committed 224.9 million AUD(160 million USD)to the Positioning Australia program in order to provide 10 cm accurate and reliable positioning to all Australians and accelerate the adoption and development of positioning technology and *** is a significant improvement from the 5–10 m accuracy that can currently be achieved using consumer positioning *** speaking,Australia is in the position to take advantage of highquality,accurate,and efficient space-based positioning constellations with view of all global and regional constellations,including those of the United States(Global Positioning System,GPS),Russia(Global Navigation Satellite System,GLONASS),the European Union(Galileo),China(BeiDou),Japan(Quasi-Zenith Satellite System,QZSS),and India(Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System,IRNSS).

关键词： Indian Australia Galileo

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Loss of Hox5 function results in myofibroblast mislocalization and distal lung matrix defects during postnatal development

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2018年第9期61卷 1030-1038页

作者： Steven m.Hrycaj Leilani marty-Santos ANDrew J.Rasky nicholas W.Lukacs Deneen m.Wellik Department of Internal medicine Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics University of Michigan Department of Pathology University of Michigan Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Michigan

Alveologenesis is the final stage of lung development and is responsible for the formation of the principle gas exchange units called alveoli. The lung mesenchyme, in particular the alveolar myofibroblasts, are drivers of alveolar development, however,few key regulators that govern the proper distribution and behavior of these cells in the distal lung during alveologenesis have been identified. While Hox5 triple mutants(Hox5 aabbcc) exhibit neonatal lethality, four-allele, compound mutant mice(Hox5 AabbCc) are born in mendelian ratios and are phenotypically normal at birth. However, they exhibit defects in alveologenesis characterized by a BPD-like phenotype by early postnatal stages that becomes more pronounced at adult stages. Invasive pulmonary functional analyses demonstrate significant increases in total lung volume and compliance and a decrease in elastance in Hox5 compound mutants. SmA+ myofibroblasts in the distal lung are distributed abnormally during peak stages of alveologenesis and aggregate, resulting in the formation of a disrupted elastin network. Examination of other key components of the distal lung ECm, as well as other epithelial cells and lipofibroblasts reveal no differences in distribution. Collectively, these data indicate that Hox5 genes play a critical role in alveolar development by governing the proper cellular behavior of myofibroblasts during alveologenesis.

关键词：开发生后本地化肺矩阵损失等位基因管理者

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The pervasive effects of lighting environments on sensory drive in bluefin killifish： an investigation into male/male competition, female choice, and predation

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Current Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 499-512页

作者： Lisa D. mITCHEm Shannon STANIS nicholas m. SUTTON Zachary TURNER Rebecca C. FULLER School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA Department of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA Department of mathematics University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA

Sensory drive predicts that the conditions under which signaling takes place have large effects on signals, sensory systems, and behavior. The coupling of an ecological genetics approach with sensory drive has been fruitful. An ecological genetics approach compares populations that experience different environments and asks whether population differences are adaptive and are the result of genetic and/or environmental variation. The multi-faceted effects of signaling environments are well-exemplified by the bluefin killifish. In this system, males with blue anal fins are abundant in tannin-stained swamps that lack UV/blue light but are absent in clear springs where UV/blue light is abundant. Past work indicates that lighting environments shape genetic and environmental variation in color patterns, visual systems, and behavior. Less is known about the selective forces creating the across population correlations between UV/blue light and the abundance of blue males. Here, we present three new experiments that investigate the roles of lighting environments on male competition, female mate choice, and predation. We found strong effects of lighting environments on male competition where blue males were more likely to emerge as dominant in tea-stained water than in clear water. Our preliminary study on predation indicated that blue males may be less susceptible to predation in tea-stained water than in clear water. However, there was little evidence for female preferences favoring blue males. The resulting pattern is one where the effects of lighting environments on genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity match the direction of selection and favor the expression of blue males in swamps.

关键词：男性环境淡水开车竞争小鱼基因变化感觉系统

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Emerging and re-emerging human infectious diseases:A systematic review of the role of wild animals with a focus on public health impact

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2020年第3期13卷 99-106页

作者： marli C Cupertino michely B Resende nicholas AJ mayers Lorendane m Carvalho Rodrigo Siqueira-Batista medical School Faculdade Dinamica do Vale do Piranga.Ponte Nova.Minas GeraisBrazil Laboratory of Epidemiological and Computational methods in Health Department of Medicine and NursingUniversidade Federal de Vicosa.Minas GeraisBrazil Department of Veterinary medicine Universidade Federal de Vicosa.Vicosa.Minas GeraisBrazil

Infectious diseases continue to impose unpredictable burdens on global health and economies, a subject that requires constant research and updates. In this sense, the objective of the present article was to review studies on the role of wild animals as reservoirs and/or dispersers of etiological agents of human infectious diseases in order to compile data on the main wild animals and etiological agents involved in zoonotic outbreaks. A systematic review was carried out using PRISmA guidelines, using the Pubmed, Scopus and SciELO platforms as data banks. The descriptors used were "zoonosis", "human infectious diseases" and "wild animals". The results show that wild animals(mainly bats, birds and primates) play an important role in the dissemination of etiological agents(mainly viruses, as a new coronavirus called 2019 Novel Coronavirus) in extensive geographic regions. moreover, these wild animal organisms can act as the site for essential biotic synergy among several pathogenic microorganisms, promoting a higher rate of adaptation, mutation and even genetic recombination, with consequent stimulation of new strains and subtypes, inducing new infectious agents with unknown virulent potential. In conclusion, the monitoring of these diseases and adequate preparation for possible epidemics and pandemics are fundamental conditions for the mitigation of their future impact. The zoonotic threat of these etiological agents and the impact on public health can be enormous as shown by the ongoing epidemic of 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) infections.

关键词： Zoonosis Epidemics 2019-nCoV Virology Epidemiology

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In vitro Ruminal Gas Production Kinetics of Four Fodder Trees Ensiled With or Without molasses and Urea

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第7期12卷 1234-1242页

作者： Abdelfattah Z m Salem ZHOU Chuan-she TAN Zhi-liang miguel mellado moises Cipriano Salazar mona m m Y Elghandopur nicholas E Odongo Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Autonomous University of the State of Mexico Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Animal Nutrition Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Autonomous University of Guerrero

This study investigated if the addition of urea （U）, molasses （m） or their 1：1 （v/v） mixture during ensiling increases the nutritional value of forage from four fodder trees （Prunus persica, Leucaena esculenta, Acacia farnesiana, and Prunus domestica）. Forage samples of fodder trees were collected in triplicate （three individual samples of each species） and subjected to an in vitro gas production （GP） procedure. Fermentation at 24 h （GP 24）, short-chain volatile fatty acids （SCFA）, and microbial crude protein production （mCP）, in vitro organic matter digestibility （OmD）, metabolizable energy （mE） and dry matter degradability （DmD） were estimated. Forage samples were incubated for 72 h in an incubator at 39oC and the volume of GP was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation using the reading pressure technique. The rumen fermentation profiles were highest for P. persica, which showed the highest （P〈0.0001） DmD, mE, OmD, SCFA, GP 24 and mCP. On the other hand L. esculenta had the lowest （P〈0.0001） DmD, SCFA, mCP; P. domestica had the lowest （P〈0.0001） OmD. The addition of m to silage increased （P〈0.0001） mE and OmD, as well as GP. However, the addition of U and the mixture of U and m reduced （P〈0.0001） DmD, mE, OmD, SCFA, GY 24 and mCP. These results show that P. persica has the highest nutritive value and L. esculenta the lowest for ruminants. Additionally, the addition of m to forage from fodder trees increases rumen GP and fermentation, which may improve nutrient utilization in ruminants.

关键词： fodder trees urea molasses gas production

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