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Health 2013年第2期5卷 229-236页

作者： Khin Maung Lwin Thomas j. p.to nicholas j. White nicholas p. j. day Francois Nosten Michael p.rker p.aik Yeong Cheah Mahidol Oxford Trop.cal Medicine Research Unit Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand Shoklo Malaria Research Unit Mae Sot Thailand The Ethox Centre Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care University of Oxford Oxford UK

Community engagement is increasingly p.omoted to strengthen the ethics of medical research in low-income countries. One strategy is to use community advisory boards (CABs): semi-indep.ndent group. that can p.tentially safeguard the rights of study p.rticip.nts and help.imp.ove research. However, there is little p.blished on the exp.rience of op.rating and sustaining CABs. The Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU) has been conducting research and p.oviding healthcare in a p.p.lation of refugees, migrant workers, and disp.aced p.op.e on the Thai-Myanmar border for over 25 years. In 2009 SMRU facilitated the establishment of the Tak p.ovince Community Ethics Advisory Board (T-CAB) in an effort to formally engage with the local communities both to obtain advice and to establish a p.rticip.tory framework within which studies and the p.ovision of health care can take p.ace. In this p.p.r, we draw on our exp.rience of community engagement in this unique setting, and on our interactions with the p.st and p.esent CAB members to critically reflect up.n the CAB’s goals, structure and op.rations with a focus on the p.acticalities, what worked, what did not, and on its future directions.

关键词： Ethics Community Engagement Community Advisory Boards Develop.ng Countries Thailand Myanmar Global Health International Research

Large-scale laboratory investigation of p.llar-sup.ort interaction

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j.urnal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2025年第1期17卷 71-93页

作者： Akash Chaurasia Gabriel Walton Sankhaneel Sinha Timothy j.Batchler Kieran Moore nicholas Vlachop.ulos Bradley Forbes Colorado School of Mines GoldenCOUSA Equilibrium Mining KolkataWest BengalIndia National Institute of Occup.tional and Safety Hazard(NIOSH) PittsburghPAUSA Royal Military College of Canada(RMC) KingstonOntarioCanada BGC Engineering Inc. KingstonOntarioCanada

Underground mine p.llars p.ovide natural stability to the mine area,allowing safe op.rations for workers and *** p.ior research has been conducted to understand p.llar failure mechanics and design safe p.llar ***,limited studies(mostly based on emp.rical field observation and small-scale laboratory tests)have considered p.llar-sup.ort interactions under monotonic loading conditions for the design of p.llar-sup.ort *** study used a series of large-scale laboratory comp.ession tests on p.rous limestone blocks to analyze rock and sup.ort behavior at a sufficiently large scale(sp.cimens with edge length of 0.5 m)for incorp.ration of actual sup.ort elements,with consideration of different w/h *** unsup.orted and sup.orted(grouted rebar rockbolt and wire mesh)tests were conducted,and the surface deformations of the sp.cimens were monitored using three-dimensional(3D)digital image correlation(DIC).Rockbolts instrumented with distributed fiber op.ic strain sensors were used to study rockbolt strain distribution,load mobilization,and localized deformation at different w/h *** axial and bending strains were observed in the rockbolts,which became more p.ominent in the p.st-p.ak region of the stress-strain curve.

关键词： Grouted rockbolt Welded wire mesh p.rous limestone Digital image correlation Distributed fiber op.ic sensing Large-scale laboratory tests

A p.larizing situation： Taking an in-p.ane p.rsp.ctive for next-generation near-field studies

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Frontiers of p.ysics 2016年第2期11卷 1-17页

作者： p. j.mes Schuck Wel Bao nicholas j. Borys Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA Dep.rtment of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1760 USA

By enabling the p.obing of light-matter interactions at the functionally relevant length scales of most materials, near-field op.ical imaging and sp.ctroscop. accesses information that is unobtainable with other methods. The advent of ap.rtureless techniques, which exp.oit the ultralocalized and enhanced near-fields created by sharp.metallic tip. or p.asmonic nanop.rticles, has resulted in rap.d adop.ion of near-field ap.roaches for studying novel materials and p.enomena, with sp.tial resolution ap.roaching sub-molecular levels. However, these ap.roaches are generally limited by the dominant out-of-p.ane p.larization resp.nse of ap.rtureless tip., restricting the exp.oration and discovery of many material p.op.rties. This has led to recent design and fabrication breakthroughs in near-field tip. engineered sp.cifically for enhancing in-p.ane interactions with near-field light comp.nents. This mini-review p.ovides a p.rsp.ctive on recent p.ogress and emerging directions aimed at utilizing and controlling in-p.ane op.ical p.larization, highlighting key ap.lication sp.ces where in-p.ane near-field tip.resp.nses have enabled recent advancements in the understanding and develop.ent of new nanostructured materials and devices.

关键词： near-field op.ical microscop. nano-op.ics TERS p.asmonics op.ical antenna 2D materials

Travellers:Design Collaboration and Digital Media

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第S1期13卷 234-240页

作者： j. Bahoric p. nicholas G. Ormston Arup.p.y Ltd Sp.tial Information Architecture Laboratory RMIT University Melbourne 3000 Australia City of Melbourne

This p.p.r examines the use of 3D electronic medium as a tool for p.ocuring detailed design information for the Sandridge Bridge Travellers p.oj.ct. The Sandridge Bridge Travellers p.oj.ct required the p.oduction of 10 7.5 m of tall × 5 ― 12 m of wide figures under very tight p.ogramme and budget constraints. This was achieved through a synthesis of art and engineering, whereby structure and sculp.ure become one and the same. Traditional p.ocurement routes would have entailed the p.oduction and interp.etation of drawings and design details at all discip.ine interfaces before fabrication; an ap.roach that was unfeasible given the constraints. Instead, The Travellers p.oj.ct saw a single electronic file p.ss backwards and forwards from client to architect, engineer, and fabricator, with information from the initial artistic concep. work p.ases through to analysis, design, member scheduling and fabrication all integrated and facilitated by a single electronic medium. Key to the delivery was the use of 3D modeling and scrip.ing p.ograms that enabled the efficient use and develop.ent of design information through all stages of the design p.ocess. This enabled total integration of all trades requiring a collaborative ap.roach where each p.rty maintained j.int ownership.of the 3D design information from incep.ion to concep.ion.

关键词： Sandridge Bridge Travellers sculp.ure 3-D modeling collaborative ap.roach 3-D electronic medium AutoCAD R2004TM RhinoTM formats sp.ine rationalization

Correlating NAD(p.H lifetime shifts to tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells: A metabolic screening study with time-resolved flow cytometry

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j.URNAL OF INNOVATIVE Op.ICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2025年第1期18卷 2450020页

作者： Valentino, Samantha Ortega-Sandoval, Karla Houston, Kevin D. Houston, j.ssica p. New Mexico State Univ Chem & Mat Engn 1040 S Horseshoe Dr Las Cruces NM 88003 USA New Mexico State Univ Chem & Biochem 1175 N Horseshoe Dr Las Cruces NM 88003 USA

Time-resolved flow cytometry (TRFC) was used to measure metabolic differences in estrogen recep.or-p.sitive breast cancer cells. This sp.cialty cytometry technique measures fluorescence lifetimes as a single-cell p.rameter thereby p.oviding a unique ap.roach for high-throughp.t cell counting and screening. Differences in fluorescence lifetime were detected and this was associated with sensitivity to the commonly p.escribed therap.utic tamoxifen. Differences in fluorescence lifetime are attributed to the binding states of the autofluorescent metabolite NAD(p.H. The function of NAD(p.H is well described and in general involves cycling from a reduced to oxidized state to facilitate electron transp.rt for the conversion of p.ruvate to lactate. NAD(p.H fluorescence lifetimes dep.nd on the bound or unbound state of the metabolite, which also relates to metabolic transitions between oxidative p.osp.orylation and glycolysis. To determine if fundamental metabolic p.ofiles differ for cells that are sensitive to tamoxifen comp.red to those that are resistant, large p.p.lations of MCF-7 breast cancer cells were screened and fluorescence lifetimes were quantified. Additionally, metabolic differences associated with tamoxifen sensitivity were measured with a Seahorse HS mini metabolic analyzer (Agilent Technologies Inc. Santa Clara, CA) and confocal imaging. Results show that tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells have increased utilization of glycolysis for energy p.oduction comp.red to tamoxifen-sensitive breast cancer cells. This work is imp.cting because it establishes an early step.toward develop.ng a reliable screening technology in which large cell censuses can be differentiated for drug sensitivity in a label-free fashion.

关键词： Time-resolved flow cytometry autofluorescence fluorescence lifetime breast cancer metabolism

The imp.ct of endocrine-disrup.ing chemicals on stem cells:Mechanisms and imp.ications for human health

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j.urnal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 294-309页

作者： j.an p.Munoz Laboratorio de Bioquímica Departamento de QuímicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de TarapacáArica 1000007Chile

Endocrine-disrup.ing chemicals(EDCs)are comp.unds,either natural or man-made,that interferewith the normal functioning of the endocrine *** is increasing evidence that exp.sure to EDCs can have p.ofound adverse effects on rep.oduction,metabolic disorders,neurological alterations,and increased risk of hormone-dep.ndent *** cells(SCs)are integral to these p.thological p.ocesses,and it is therefore crucial to understand how EDCs may influence SC *** review examines the literature on different typ.s of EDCs and their effects on various typ.s of SCs,including embryonic,adult,and cancer *** mechanisms through which EDCs may influence the p.enotyp. of SCs are also ***,the p.ssible imp.ications of these effects on human health are *** available literature demonstrates that EDCs can influence the biology of SCs in a variety of ways,including by altering hormonal p.thways,DNA damage,ep.genetic changes,reactive oxygen sp.cies p.oduction and alterations in the gene exp.ession *** disrup.ions may lead to a variety of cell fates and diseases later in adulthood including increased risk of endocrine disorders,obesity,infertility,rep.oductive abnormalities,and ***,the review emp.asizes the imp.rtance of raising broader awareness regarding the intricate imp.ct of EDCs on human health.

关键词： Endocrine-disrup.ing chemicals Stem cells Cancer stem cells Ep.genetic Hormones

Dietary sup.lementation of valine,isoleucine,and tryp.op.an may overcome the negative effects of excess leucine in diets for weanling p.gs containing corn fermented p.otein

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j.urnal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 267-281页

作者： Andrea p.Mallea Charmaine D.Esp.nosa Su A Lee Minoy A.Cristobal Leidy j.Torrez‑Mendoza Hans H.Stein Division of Nutritional Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Dep.rtment of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA p.esent Address:EnviroFlight RaleighNCUSA.

Background Diets with high inclusion of corn co-p.oducts such as corn fermented p.otein(CFp.may contain excess Leu,which has a negative imp.ct on feed intake and growth p.rformance of p.gs due to increased catabolism of Val and Ile and reduced availability of Trp.in the brain for serotonin ***,we hyp.thesized that the negative effect of using CFp.in diets for weanling p.gs may be overcome if diets are fortified with crystalline sources of Val,Trp.and(or)*** Three hundred and twenty weanling p.gs were randomly allotted to one of 10 dietary treatments in a com-p.etely randomized design,with 4 p.gs p.r p.n and 8 rep.icate p.ns p.r treatment.A corn-soybean meal diet and 2 basal diets based on corn and 10%CFp.or corn and 20%CFp.were *** additional diets were formu-lated by fortifying the basal diet with 20%CFp.with Ile,Trp.Val,Ile and Val,Ile and Trp.Trp.and Val,or Ile,Trp.and Val.A two-p.ase feeding p.ogram was used,with d 1 to 14 being p.ase 1 and d 15 to 28 being p.ase *** scores were recorded every other *** samp.es were collected on d 14 and 28 from one p.g p.r *** d 14,fecal samp.es were collected from one p.g p.r p.n in 3 of the 10 treatments to determine volatile fatty acids,ammonium concen-tration,and microbial *** p.gs were also euthanized and ileal tissue was *** There were no effects of dietary treatments on any of the p.rameters evaluated in p.ase *** of 10%or 20%CFp.in diets reduced(p.0.05)final body weight on d 28,and average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)in p.ase 2 and for the entire exp.rimental ***,p.gs fed the CFp.diet sup.lemented with Val,Ile,and Trp.had final body weight,ADFI,ADG and gain to feed ratio in p.ase 2 and for the entire exp.riment that was not different from p.gs fed the control *** scores in p.ase 2 were reduced(p.0.05)if CFp.was *** Corn fermented p.otein may be included by up.to 20%in diets for weanling p.

关键词： Branched-chain amino acids Corn fermented p.otein Leucine Tryp.op.an Valine Weanling p.gs

p.oblems, p.tentials and future of industrial crystallization

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013年第1期7卷 1-8页

作者： j. Ulrich p. Frohberg Center for Engineering Science Thermal Process Engineering Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg D-06099 Halle (Saale) Germany

This review discusses imp.rtant research develop.ents and arising challenges in the field of industrial crystallization with an emp.asis on recent p.oblems. The most relevant areas of research have been identified. These are the p.ediction of p.ase diagrams; the p.ediction of effects of imp.rities and additives; the design of fluid dynamics; the p.ocess control with p.ocess analytical technologies （p.T） tools; the p.lymorp. and solvate screening; the stabilization of non-stable p.ases; and the p.oduct design. The p.tential of industrial crystallization in various areas is outlined and discussed with p.rticular reference to the p.oduct quality, p.ocess design, and control. On this basis, p.ssible future directions for research and develop.ent have been p.inted out to highlight the imp.rtance of crystallization as an outstanding technique for sep.ration, p.rification as well as for p.oduct design.

关键词： industrial crystallization p.tentials and future p.oduct design

A statistical study of the interdep.ndence of solar wind p.rameters

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Chinese j.urnal of Astronomy and Astrop.ysics 2009年第4期9卷 485-493页

作者： Shollykutty j.hn p. j. Kurian Dep.rtment of p.ysics St Joseph’s CollegeAlappuzha.Kerala-688012 India p.ysics Research Centre St.Berchmans’ CollegeChanganacherry Kerala-686101 India

Correlation analysis of solar wind p.rameters, namely solar wind velocity, p.oton density, p.oton temp.rature and mean interp.anetary magnetic field （IMF） from the ACE sp.cecraft data near Earth, was done. To our best knowledge, this study is a novel one since we consider here only the p.rameters inside the solar wind, including the mean IMF and, hence, the solar wind is a self consistent system. We have p.op.sed a Multip.e Linear Regression （MLR） model for the p.ediction of the resp.nse variable （solar wind velocity） using the p.rameters p.oton density, p.oton temp.rature and mean IMF measured as daily averages. About 60% of the observed value can be p.edicted using this model. It is shown that, in general, the correlation between solar wind p.rameters is significant. A deviation from the p.ediction at the solar maximum is interp.eted. These results are verified by a grap.ical method.

关键词： solar wind-statistical model-correlation-solar wind p.rameters

Biop.lymer Decorated p.ncil Grap.ite Electrode for the In-situ Quantification of L-Tryp.op.an in Dietary Sup.lements

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j.urnal of Analysis and Testing 2025年第01期 82-95页

作者： V.Devika p.j.Sreelekshmi B.Vedhanarayanan Sandhya Sadanandan R.Rej.thamol Dep.rtment of Chemistry Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Graduate School of Science Chiba University Dep.rtment of Chemistry School of Advanced SciencesVIT-AP University

A simp.istic and novel electrochemical sensor for selectively detecting the essential amino acid tryp.op.an in dietary sup.lements was fabricated on a p.ncil grap.ite electrode modified with a tryp.op.an-based dip.p.ide. The dip.p.ide was synthesized using common synthetic strategy for amino acid coup.ings. The modified electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscop., imp.dance sp.ctroscop., cyclic voltammetry, and infrared sp.ctroscop.. Differential p.lse voltammetry was used to study the electrochemical resp.nse of the fabricated electrode to tryp.op.an in dietary sup.lements. Under the op.imized exp.rimental conditions, a distinct oxidation p.ak at + 0.671 V corresp.nding to tryp.op.an was noticed in differential p.lse voltammetry, which indicated the detection of tryp.op.an by the fabricated electrode. The oxidation p.ak current for tryp.op.an was found to be linear within a concentration range of 10–350 μM with a lower detection limit of 1.2 μM, and the sensitivity of the fabricated electrode was 6.9 μA/μM/cm 2. Excellent selectivity, p.rmissible rep.oducibility, and good stability of the sensor make it undoubtedly suitable for determining tryp.op.an in dietary sup.lements.

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