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A polarizing situation： Taking an in-plane perspective for next-generation near-field studies

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Frontiers of physics 2016年第2期11卷 1-17页

作者： P. james Schuck Wel Bao nicholas j. Borys Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1760 USA

By enabling the probing of light-matter interactions at the functionally relevant length scales of most materials, near-field optical imaging and spectroscopy accesses information that is unobtainable with other methods. The advent of apertureless techniques, which exploit the ultralocalized and enhanced near-fields created by sharp metallic tips or plasmonic nanoparticles, has resulted in rapid adoption of near-field approaches for studying novel materials and phenomena, with spatial resolution approaching sub-molecular levels. However, these approaches are generally limited by the dominant out-of-plane polarization response of apertureless tips, restricting the exploration and discovery of many material properties. This has led to recent design and fabrication breakthroughs in near-field tips engineered specifically for enhancing in-plane interactions with near-field light components. This mini-review provides a perspective on recent progress and emerging directions aimed at utilizing and controlling in-plane optical polarization, highlighting key application spaces where in-plane near-field tip responses have enabled recent advancements in the understanding and development of new nanostructured materials and devices.

关键词： near-field optical microscopy nano-optics TERS plasmonics optical antenna 2D materials

Signaling from T cell receptors (TCRs) and chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on T cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第6期17卷 600-612页

作者： Ling Wu Qianru Wei joanna Brzostek nicholas R.j.Gascoigne Department of Microbiology and Immunology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore5 Science Drive 2Singapore 117545Singapore Immunology Programme Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore

T cells react to foreign or self-antigens through T cell receptor(TCR)*** decades of research have delineated the mechanism of TCR signal transduction and its impact on T cell *** knowledge provides the foundation for chimeric antigen receptor T cell(CAR-T cell)technology,by which T cells are redirected in a major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted *** and CAR signaling plays a critical role in determining the T cell state,including exhaustion and *** its artificial nature,CARs might affect or rewire signaling differently than TCRs.A better understanding of CAR signal transduction would greatly facilitate improvements to CAR-T cell technology and advance its usefulness in clinical ***,we systematically review the knowns and unknowns of TCR and CAR signaling,from the contact of receptors and antigens,proximal signaling,immunological synapse formation,and late signaling *** through different T cell subtypes and how signaling is translated into practice are also discussed.

关键词： CAR-T TCR Signaling T cell Immunological synapse

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偏倚一览:发表偏倚

英国医学杂志中文版 2022年第3期25卷 166-167页

作者： nicholas j DeVito Ben Goldacre 陈立敏(译) Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of OxfordOxfordUK 不详

背景Dickersin和Min将发表偏倚定义为“基于研究结果的方向或强度”而不发表研究。这种不发表会带来偏倚,妨碍人们确切理解和综合描述某一领域的证据影发表偏倚是报告偏倚的一种,与传播偏倚密切相关,不过通常传播偏倚适用于所有形式的... 详细信息

背景Dickersin和Min将发表偏倚定义为“基于研究结果的方向或强度”而不发表研究。这种不发表会带来偏倚,妨碍人们确切理解和综合描述某一领域的证据影发表偏倚是报告偏倚的一种,与传播偏倚密切相关,不过通常传播偏倚适用于所有形式的成果传播,而不仅限于期刊出版物。各种不同的偏倚常常被归入发表偏倚的总体定义中。

关键词：发表偏倚出版物传播定义

Number of COVID-19 cases required in a population to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in the province of Alberta, Canada:Sensitivity assessment

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 843-850页

作者： Qiaozhi Li Bonita E.Lee Tiejun Gao Yuanyuan Qiu Erik Ellehoj jiaao Yu Mathew Diggle Graham Tipples Rasha Maal-Bared Deena Hinshaw Christopher Sikora nicholas j.Ashbolt james Talbot Steve E.Hrudey Xiaoli Pang School of Public Health University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2R3Canada Department of Pediatrics University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 1C9Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2B7Canada University of Alberta Central Receiving EdmontonAlbertaT6G 2R3Canada Provincial Laboratory for Public Health EdmontonAlbertaCanada EPCOR EdmontonAB T5H 0E8Canada Department of Medicine University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2G3Canada Faculty of Science and Engineering Southern Cross UniversityEast Lismore NSW 2480Australia

With a unique and large size of testing results of 1,842 samples collected from 12 wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) for 14 months through from low to high prevalence of COVID-19,the sensitivity of RT-qPCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater that correspond to the communities was computed by using Probit *** study determined the number of new COVID-19 cases per 100,000 population required to detect SARS-CoV-2RNA in wastewater at defined probabilities and provided an evidence-based framework of wastewater-based epidemiology surveillance (WBE).Input data were positive and negative test results of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater samples and the corresponding new COVID-19 case rates per 100,000 population served by each *** analyses determined that RT-qPCR-based SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection threshold at 50%,80%and 99%probability required a median of 8 (range:4-19),18 (9-43),and 38 (17-97) of new COVID-19 cases/100,000,***,the positive detection rate at 50%,80%and 99%probability were 0.01%,0.02%,and 0.04%averagely for new cases in the *** study improves understanding of the performance of WBE SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection using the large datasets and prolonged study *** COVID-19 burden at a community level that would result in a positive detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater is critical to support WBE application as a supplementary warning/monitoring system for COVID-19 prevention and control.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 cases Wastewater Probit analysis Probability Detection sensitivity

A failure criterion for shale considering the anisotropy and hydration based on the shear slide failure model

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2023年第4期33卷 447-462页

作者： Qiangui Zhang Bowei Yao Xiangyu Fan Yong Li nicholas Fantuzzi Tianshou Ma Yufei Chen Feitao Zeng Xing Li Lizhi Wang Petroleum Engineering School Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Department of Civil Geological and Mining EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique de MontréalMontreal H3T 1J4Canada State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China Department of Civil ChemicalEnvironmental and Materials EngineeringUniversity of BolognaBologna 40136Italy Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering University of TorontoToronto M5S 1A4Canada

A failure criterion fully considering the anisotropy and hydration of shale is essential for shale formation stability ***,a novel failure criterion for hydration shale is developed by using jaeger’s shear failure criterion to describe the anisotropy and using the shear strength reduction caused by clay minerals hydration to evaluate the *** failure criterion is defined with four parameters in jaeger’s shear failure criterion(S_(1),S_(2),a andφ),three hydration parameters(k,ω_(sh)andσ_(s))and two material size parameters(d and l0).The physical meanings and determining procedures of these parameters are *** accuracy and applicability of this failure criterion are examined using the published experimental data,showing a cohesive agreement between the predicted values and the testing results,R^(2)=0.916 and AAREP(average absolute relative error percentage)of 9.260%.The error(|D_(p)|)is then discussed considering the effects ofβ(angle between bedding plane versus axial loading),moisture content and confining pressure,presenting that|Dp|increases whenβis closer to 30°,and|D_(p)|decreases with decreasing moisture content and with increasing confining ***,|D_(p)|is demonstrated as being sensitive to S1and being steady with decrease in the data set whenβis 0°,30°,45°and 90°.

关键词： Shale Failure criterion Mechanical strength Shear slide failure Anisotropy Hydration

Assessing the academic achievement of United States orthopaedic departments

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World journal of Orthopedics 2022年第2期13卷 201-211页

作者： Rishi Trikha Thomas E Olson Ameen Chaudry Chad R Ishmael Cristina Villalpando Clark j Chen Kellyn R Hori nicholas M Bernthal Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90404United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095United States

BACKGROUND Assessing academic productivity allows academic departments to identify the strengths of their scholarly contribution and provides an opportunity to evaluate areas for *** To provide objective benchmarks for departments seeking to enhance academic productivity and identify those with significant improvement in recent *** Our study retrospectively analyzed a cohort of orthopaedic faculty at United States-based academic orthopaedic programs.5502 full-time orthopaedic faculty representing 178 programs were included in *** included for analysis were National Institutes of Health funding(2014-2018),leadership positions in orthopaedic societies(2018),editorial board positions of top orthopaedic journals(2018),total number of publications and Hirsch-index.A weighted algorithm was used to calculate a cumulative score for each academic *** study was performed at a large,United States medical *** All 178 programs included in analysis were evaluated using the comprehensive weighted *** five institutions with the highest cumulative score,in decreasing order,were:Washington University in ***,the Hospital for Special Surgery,Sidney Kimmel Medical College(SKMC)at Thomas jefferson University,the University of California,San Francisco(UCSF)and Massachusetts General Hospital(MGH)/Brigham and Women’s/*** five institutions with the highest score per capita,in decreasing order,were:Mayo Clinic(Rochester),Washington University in ***,Rush University,Virginia Commonwealth University(VCU)and MGH/Brigham and Women’s/*** five academic programs that had the largest improvement in cumulative score from 2013 to 2018,in decreasing order,were:VCU,SKMC at Thomas jefferson University,UCSF,MGH/Brigham and Women’s/Harvard,and Brown *** This algorithm can provide orthopaedic departments a means to assess academic productivity,monitor progress,and identify areas for improvement as th

关键词： Bibliometrics Academic achievement Number of publications National Institutes of Health funding Hirsch-index

Complex interactions between biota, landscapes and native peoples

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 297-299页

作者： jose MV Fragoso nicholas j Reo Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Environmental Studies Program Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNHUSA

The papers presented here originated with a symposium held at the Ecological Society of America’s annual meeting in Portland,Oregon,in *** describe how native people and indigenous researchers view and understand the cultural and biological complexity inherent in coupled socio-ecological *** researchers note that interactions between native peoples and their environments consist of a complex network of linkages,feedbacks,and change,and they describe synthetic approaches to problem *** approaches often spring from long cultural traditions and recent adaptations to *** are examples of native peoples successfully managing biota and ecosystems for thousands of ***,current societal conditions often challenge indigenous-based efforts to continue managing ecosystems and ***,in the face of the new challenges native people continue to innovate and manage their environments and biota.

关键词： continue environments landscape

Travellers:Design Collaboration and Digital Media

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第S1期13卷 234-240页

作者： j. Bahoric P. nicholas G. Ormston Arup Pty Ltd Spatial Information Architecture Laboratory RMIT University Melbourne 3000 Australia City of Melbourne

This paper examines the use of 3D electronic medium as a tool for procuring detailed design information for the Sandridge Bridge Travellers project. The Sandridge Bridge Travellers project required the production of 10 7.5 m of tall × 5 ― 12 m of wide figures under very tight programme and budget constraints. This was achieved through a synthesis of art and engineering, whereby structure and sculpture become one and the same. Traditional procurement routes would have entailed the production and interpretation of drawings and design details at all discipline interfaces before fabrication; an approach that was unfeasible given the constraints. Instead, The Travellers project saw a single electronic file pass backwards and forwards from client to architect, engineer, and fabricator, with information from the initial artistic concept work phases through to analysis, design, member scheduling and fabrication all integrated and facilitated by a single electronic medium. Key to the delivery was the use of 3D modeling and scripting programs that enabled the efficient use and development of design information through all stages of the design process. This enabled total integration of all trades requiring a collaborative approach where each party maintained joint ownership of the 3D design information from inception to conception.

关键词： Sandridge Bridge Travellers sculpture 3-D modeling collaborative approach 3-D electronic medium AutoCAD R2004TM RhinoTM formats spline rationalization

Softening of phonon spectra in metallic glasses

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npj Computational Materials 2016年第1期2卷 31-35页

作者： Reza Mahjoub nicholas E Hamilton Kevin j Laws Michael Ferry School of Materials Science and Engineering The University of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia

The vibrational spectra of a series of MgZnCa amorphous alloys were computed using density functional theory and implementing the small displacement *** atomic structures of the alloys were obtained by ab initio molecular dynamics *** vibrational thermodynamic properties were calculated as a function of temperature and,in particular,the specific heat at low temperature was approximated by temperature cubed based on the Debye *** computed the contribution of Mg vibrations to the specific heat and investigated the softening of Mg phonon spectra,where the maximum allowed vibrational frequency is lowered and highly collective diffusion processes are *** statistical correlation between the reported critical casting thickness of the alloys and softening of Mg phonons was *** calculations were performed for two distinctively different amorphous ZrTiCuAl alloys with large and small reported critical casting thickness,*** findings were consistent with those of the MgZnCa alloys.

关键词： alloys softening casting