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Anthropogenic Influence on Decadal Changes in Concurrent Hot and Dry Events over China around the Mid-1990s

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 233-246页

作者： Qin SU Buwen DONG Fangxing TIAN nicholas P.KLINGAMAN Yunnan Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disasters and Climate Resources in the Great Mekong Subregion Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China National Centre for Atmospheric Science Department of MeteorologyUniversity of ReadingReadingRG66BBUK Geofysisk Institut University of BergenBergen 5007Norway Citadel Investment Group Moor House120 London WallLondonRG66BBUK

The frequency and duration of observed concurrent hot and dry events(HDEs) over China during the growing season(April–September) exhibit significant decadal changes across the mid-1990s. These changes are characterized by increases in HDE frequency and duration over most of China, with relatively large increases over southeastern China(SEC), northern China(NC), and northeastern China(NEC). The frequency of HDEs averaged over China in the present day(PD,1994–2011) is double that in the early period(EP, 1964–81);the duration of HDEs increases by 60%. Climate experiments with the Met Office Unified Model(MetUM-GOML2) are used to estimate the contributions of anthropogenic forcing to HDE decadal changes over China. Anthropogenic forcing changes can explain 60%–70% of the observed decadal changes,suggesting an important anthropogenic influence on HDE changes over China across the mid-1990s. Single-forcing experiments indicate that the increase in greenhouse gas(GHG) concentrations dominates the simulated decadal changes,increasing the frequency and duration of HDEs throughout China. The change in anthropogenic aerosol(AA) emissions significantly decreases the frequency and duration of HDEs over SEC and NC, but the magnitude of the decrease is much smaller than the increase induced by GHGs. The changes in HDEs in response to anthropogenic forcing are mainly due to the response of climatological mean surface air temperatures. The contributions from changes in variability and changes in climatological mean soil moisture and evapotranspiration are relatively small. The physical processes associated with the response of HDEs to GHG and AA changes are also revealed.

关键词： concurrent hot and dry events decadal variation greenhouse gases aerosol emissions

The role of cell free DNA and liquid biopsies in haematological conditions

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第3期3卷 521-531页

作者： nicholas Bingham Andrew Spencer Australian Centre for Blood Diseases Monash UniversityVictoria 3181Australia.

Cell free nucleic acids(CFNAs)are nucleic acids released from cells that circulate within bodily *** advances in molecular techniques have led to the ability to interrogate CFNAs in a clinically meaningful way,for example the identification and assessment of foetal CFNAs in maternal blood,allowing minimally invasive testing for foetal genetic *** majority of CFNAs arise from haemopoietic cells,making it a particularly rich source of genetic information in haematological ***,the innate genetic heterogeneity of haematological malignancies,as epitomised by multiple myeloma,lend itself well to“liquid biopsies”.This approach promises to provide a more wholistic assessment of whole disease genetics,especially when contrasted against the current gold-standard of single site tissue *** review briefly summarises the definitions and physiology of CFNAs,both cell free DNA(cfDNA)and extracellular RNA(exRNA),before exploring the literature surrounding the current and future roles of cfDNA in the haematological malignancies and patient care.

关键词： cfDNA liquid biopsy haematology myeloma lymphoma leukaemia

Putting PLX5622 into perspective:microglia in central nervous system viral infection

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第6期18卷 1269-1270页

作者： Alanna G.Spiteri nicholas J.C.King Viral Immunopathology Laboratory InfectionImmunity and Inflammation Research ThemeSchool of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Sydney Cytometry The University of Sydney and Centenary InstituteSydneyNSWAustralia Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology The University of Sydney and Centenary InstituteSydneyNSWAustralia Charles Perkins Centre The University of SydneyAustralia The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia The University of Sydney Nano Institute the University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia

Elucidating the exact contribution of microglia to central nervous system(CNS)pathology has historically been extremely *** resident parenchymal myeloid cells are considered to have critical roles as frontline responders during pathogen invasion and CNS ***,understanding the precise temporal kinetics of microglial function is central to the evolution of novel therapeutics for disease intervention and/or resolution(Spiteri et al.,2022a).The development of PLX5622,a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor(CSF-1R)inhibitor typically formulated into a rodent chow for simple oral administration has facilitated exploration of microglial functions in disease(Spangenberg et al.,2019).

关键词： invasion system precise

Robust and high-sensitivity thermal probing at the nanoscale based on resonance Raman ratio (R3)

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2022年第3期4卷 150-161页

作者： Hamidreza Zobeiri nicholas Hunter Shen Xu Yangsu Xie Xinwei Wang Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011United States of America School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science333 Longteng RoadShanghai 201620People’s Republic of China College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong 518055People’s Republic of China

Raman spectroscopy-based temperature sensing usually tracks the change of Raman wavenumber,linewidth and intensity,and has found very broad applications in characterizing the energy and charge transport in nanomaterials over the last *** temperature coefficients of these Raman properties are highly material-dependent,and are subjected to local optical scattering *** a result,Raman-based temperature sensing usually suffers quite large uncertainties and has low ***,a novel method based on dual resonance Raman phenomenon is developed to precisely measure the absolute temperature rise of nanomaterial(nm WS_(2) film in this work)from 170 to 470 K.A 532 nm laser(2.33 eV photon energy)is used to conduct the Raman *** photon energy is very close to the excitonic transition energy of WS_(2) at temperatures close to room temperature.A parameter,termed resonance Raman ratio(R3)Ω=I_(A1g)/IE_(2g) is introduced to combine the temperature effects on resonance Raman scattering for the A_(1g) and E_(2g) modes.Ω has a change of more than two orders of magnitude from 177 to 477 K,and such change is independent of film thickness and local optical *** is shown that when Ω is varied by 1%,the temperature probing sensitivity is 0.42 K and 1.16 K at low and high temperatures,*** on Ω,the in-plane thermal conductivity(k)of a∼25 nm-thick suspended WS_(2) film is measured using our energy transport state-resolved Raman(ET-Raman).k is found decreasing from 50.0 to 20.0 Wm^(−1) K^(−1) when temperature increases from 170 to 470 *** agrees with previous experimental and theoretical results and the measurement data using our *** R3 technique provides a very robust and high-sensitivity method for temperature probing of nanomaterials and will have broad applications in nanoscale thermal transport characterization,non-destructive evaluation,and manufacturing monitoring.

关键词： resonant Raman scattering two-dimensional(2D)materials Raman intensity ratio ET-Raman thermal conductivity

Predicting phosphorus sorption isotherm parameters in soil using data of routine laboratory tests

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Pedosphere 2021年第5期31卷 694-704页

作者： Kathleen S.DUNNE nicholas M.HOLDEN Karen DALY Teagasc Johnstown CastleEnvironmental Research CentreCo.Wexford Y35TC97(Ireland) UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4 D04VIW8(Ireland)

Knowledge of phosphorus(P)sorption dynamics across different soil types could direct agronomic and environmental management of *** objective of this study was to predict P isotherm parameters for a national soil population using data of routine laboratory *** and Freundlich sorption parameters were calculated from two different ranges(0-25 and 0-50 mg P L^(-1))using an archive of representative agricultural soil types from *** linear regression(MLR)identified labile forms of aluminium(Al)and iron(Fe),organic matter(OM),cation exchange capacity(CEC),and clay as significant *** and Freundlich sorption capacities,Freundlich affinity constant,and Langmuir buffer capacity were predicted reliably,with R^(2) of independent validation>*** isotherm parameters were predicted from P sorbed at a single concentration of 50 mg P L^(-1)(S_(50)).An MLR prediction of P sorption maximum in the 0-50 mg P L-1 range was achieved,to an accurate standard,using S_(50),OM,and Mehlich-3 Fe(R^(2) of independent calibration and validation being 0.91 and 0.95,respectively).Using Giles’four shapes of isotherms(C,L,H,and S),L non-strict-and C-shaped isotherm curves accounted for 64% and 27% of the soils,*** clustering identified a separation of isotherm curves influenced by two ranges of Mehlich-3 *** with a low range of Mehlich-3 Al(2.5-698 mg kg^(-1))had no incidence of rapid sorption(C shape).Single point indices,Al,or available soil data make the regression approach a feasible way of predicting Langmuir parameters that could be included with standard agronomic soil P testing.

关键词： available phosphorus binding fertilizer soil test sorption maximum

Pedestrian age and gender in relation to crossing behavior at midblock crossings in India

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2016年第4期3卷 345-351页

作者： nicholas N. Ferenchak Ciuil Engineering Department University of Colorado Denuer Denuer CO 80204 USA

Pedestrians have unique needs to ensure their safety as they interact with others within a transportation system. Since this is especially true in third world context, it is imperative to gain a better understanding of pedestrian behaviors in developing countries. The goal is to have planners and engineers create appropriate design guidelines and inform policy decisions. Data on pedestrian characteristics and behavior metrics were gathered from midblock crossings in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Quadratic and logistic regressions suggest that pedestrian delay and utilization of crossings increase with age, while conflicts decrease with it. Male waiting time is approximately half of female waiting time, and males are twice as likely to cause conflicts with motor vehicles. These strong patterns will hopefully aid in the understanding of pedestrian behavior in relation to motor vehicle traffic in urban areas of developing countries, encouraging safer crossings to be designed.

关键词： PedestrianWaiting timeDeveloping countriesConflictMidblock

Atrial fibrillation in patients with systolic heart failure:pathophysiology mechanisms and management

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2021年第5期18卷 376-397页

作者： Ioanna Koniari Eleni Artopoulou Dimitrios Velissaris nicholas Kounis Grigorios Tsigkas Manchester Heart Institute Manchester University Foundation TrustManchesterUnited Kingdom Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital of PatrasPatrasGreece Department of Cardiology University Hospital of PatrasPatrasGreece

Heart failure(HF)and atrial fibrillation(AF)demonstrate a constantly increasing prevalence during the 21st century worldwide,as a result of the aging population and the successful interventions of the clinical practice in the deterioration of adverse cardiovascular *** and AF share common risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms,creating the base of a constant *** impairs systolic and diastolic function,resulting in the increasing incidence of HF,whereas the structural and neurohormonal changes in HF with preserved or reduced ejection fraction increase the possibility of the AF *** temporal relationship of the development of either condition affects the diagnostic algorithms,the prognosis and the ideal therapeutic strategy that leads to euvolaemia,management of noncardiovascular comorbidities,control of heart rate or restoration of sinus rate,ventricular synchronization,prevention of sudden death,stroke,embolism,or major bleeding and maintenance of a sustainable quality of *** indicated treatment for the concomitant HF and AF includes rate or/and rhythm control as well as thromboembolism prophylaxis,while the progress in the understanding of their pathophysiological interdependence and the introduction of the genetic profiling,create new paths in the diagnosis,the prognosis and the prevention of these diseases.

关键词： prevention diagnosis management

Conjunctions and/or Disjunctions： Radical Empiricism in the History of Philosophy

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2014年第1期9卷 130-148页

作者： nicholas S. Brasovan Department of Philosophy and Religion University of Central Arkansas AR 72035 USA

William James challenged the traditions of British Empiricism （Hume） on one hand and German Idealism （Kant and Hegel） on the other. James＇＂Radical Empiricism＂ is a via media （＂middle road＂） between these divergent positions. His central points of contention are the ontological status of relationships and the correct analysis of experience. British Empiricism leaves us with a world of separate, particular facts, based on atomic sense impressions. Idealists, on the other hand, claim that all worldly phenomena are conjoined by one rational principle. According to James＇ account, neither side recognizes that both conjunctive and disjunctive relations are integral to experience. Furthermore, James＇ critique proved to influence A. N. Whitehead＇s philosophy of experience and orientation toward Hume and Kant. This essay situates James＇ philosophy in this polemical and historical context.

关键词： William James Radical Empiricism American philosophy Kant,Whitehead Hume Hegel

Pathway analysis for genome-wide genetic variation data:Analytic principles,latest developments,and new opportunities

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2021年第3期48卷 173-183页

作者： Micah Silberstein nicholas Nesbit Jacquelyn Cai Phil H.Lee Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMA 02114USA Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMA 02142USA

Pathway analysis,also known as gene-set enrichment analysis,is a multilocus analytic strategy that integrates a priori,biological knowledge into the statistical analysis of high-throughput genetics *** developed for the studies of gene expression data,it has become a powerful analytic procedure for indepth mining of genome-wide genetic variation *** discoveries were made in the past years,uncovering genes and biological mechanisms underlying common and complex ***,as massive amounts of diverse functional genomics data accrue,there is a pressing need for newer generations of pathway analysis methods that can utilize multiple layers of high-throughput genomics *** this review,we provide an intellectual foundation of this powerful analytic strategy,as well as an update of the state-of-the-art in recent method *** goal of this review is threefold:(1)introduce the motivation and basic steps of pathway analysis for genome-wide genetic variation data;(2)review the merits and the shortcomings of classic and newly emerging integrative pathway analysis tools;and(3)discuss remaining challenges and future directions for further method developments.

关键词： Pathway analysis Set-based association analysis Gene-set enrichment analysis Genome-wide association study Multilocus association analysis