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Macrophage-targeted single walled carbon nanotubes stimulate phagocytosis via pH-dependent drug release

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Nano Research 2021年第3期14卷 762-769页

作者： Yapei Zhang Jianqin Ye Niloufar Hosseini-Nassab Alyssa Flores Irina Kalashnikova Sesha Lakshmi Paluri Mozhgan Lotfi nicholas J.Leeper bryan Ronain Smith Department of Biomedical Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA Department of Surgery Division of Vascular SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA Stanford Cardiovascular Institute StanfordCA94305USA Department of Radiology Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in the world.A driving feature of atherosclerotic plaque formation is dysfunctional *** the“don’t eat me”molecule CD47 is upregulated in atherosclerotic plaque cores,CD47-blocking strategies can stimulate the efferocytic clearance of apoptotic cells and thereby help prevent the progression of plaque ***,these therapies are generally costly and,in clinical and murine trials,they have resulted in side effects including anemia and ***,we developed and characterized an intracellular phagocytosis-stimulating treatment in the CD47-SIRPα*** loaded a novel monocyte/macrophage-selective nanoparticle carrier system with a small molecule enzymatic inhibitor that is released in a pH-dependent manner to stimulate macrophage efferocytosis of apoptotic cell debris via the CD47-SIRPαsignaling *** demonstrated that single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)can selectively deliver tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor 1(TPI)intracellularly to macrophages,which potently stimulates efferocytosis,and chemically characterized the ***,SWNT-delivered TPI can stimulate macrophage efferocytosis,with the potential to reduce or prevent atherosclerotic disease.

关键词： macrophages phagocytosis single-walled carbon nanotubes tyrosine phosphatase 1(SHP1)inhibitor atherosclerosis

Preservation solutions used during abdominal transplantation:Current status and outcomes

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World Journal of Transplantation 2015年第4期5卷 154-164页

作者： nicholas Latchana Joshua R Peck bryan A Whitson Mitchell L Henry Elmahdi A Elkhammas Sylvester M Black Department of Surgery the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterologythe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Department of Surgery Division of Cardiac Surgerythe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Department of Surgery Division of Transplantationthe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Organ preservation remains an important contributing factor to graft and patient outcomes. During donor organ procurement and transportation, cellular injury is mitigated through the use of preservation solutions in conjunction with hypothermia. Various preservation solutions and protocols exist with widespread variability among transplant centers. In this review of abdominal organ preservation solutions, evolution of transplantation and graft preservation are discussed followed by classification of preservation solutions according to the composition of electrolytes, impermeants, buffers, antioxidants, and energy precursors. Lastly, pertinent clinical studies in the setting of hepatic, renal, pancreas, and intestinal transplantation are reviewed for patient and graft survival as well as financial considerations. In liver transplants there may be some benefit with the use of histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate(HTK) over University of Wisconsin solution in terms of biliary complications and potential cost savings. Renal grafts may experience increased initial graft dysfunction with the use of Euro-Collins thereby dissuading its use in support of HTK which can lead to substantial cost savings. University of Wisconsin solution and Celsior are favored in pancreas transplants given the concern for pancreatitis and graft thrombosis associated with HTK. No difference was observed with preservation solutions with respect to graft and patient survival in liver, renal, and pancreas transplants. Studies involving intestinal transplants are sparse but University of Wisconsin solution infused intraluminally in combination with an intra-vascular washout is a reasonable option until further evidence can be generated. Available literature can be used to ameliorate extensive variation across centers while potentially minimizing graft dysfunction and improving associated costs.

关键词： Graft preservation Kidney Liver Pancreas Intestine

Perigeniculate arachnoid cysts and CSF fistulae of the fallopian canal:Histopathologic correlates of a rare clinical entity

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2021年第9期7卷 71-81页

作者： Emerson E.Lee nicholas S.Andresen bryan McKenzie Jeffrey D.Sharon Howard W.Francis Daniel Q.Sun Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins UniversityUSA Inova Fairfax Hospital USA Deportment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of California Son FranciscoUSA Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences Duke UniversityUSA

Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)fistulae originating from the fallopian canal of the facial nerve is hypothesized to arise due to atypical patterns of subarachnoid space extension into the geniculate ganglion or more distal regions along the intratemporal course of the facial nerve,but its pathogenesis remains poorly *** a rare etiology of CSF fistulae of the temporal bone,there are significant clinical ramifications due to the risk of recurrent meningitis,difficulty in identifying the anatomic location of the CSF leak,and technical challenges associated with surgical *** present three clinical cases of arachnoid cysts within the geniculate fossa with or without CSF fistulization and provide histopathologic correlates of this rare clinical phenomenon from a human temporal bone *** pediatric and adult patients presented suggest differential pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with CSF *** bone histology reveals atypical patterns of subarachnoid space extension in the fallopian canal that may underlie arachnoid cyst formation and overt CSF leak from the geniculate region.

关键词： Geniculate ganglion Arachnoid cyst Fallopian canal Facial nerve Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea Cerebrospinal fluid leak Subarachnoid space

Mojave desert tortoise(Gopherus agassizii)thermal ecology and reproductive success along a rainfall cline

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第3期10卷 282-294页

作者： Annette E.SIEG Megan M.GAMBONE bryan P.WALLACE Susana CLUSELLATRULLAS James R.SPOTILA Harold W.AVERY Department of Natural Sciences University of Michigan-DearbornDearbornMichiganUSA HDR Plymouth MeetingPennsylvaniaUSA nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Marine LaboratoryBeaufortNorth CarolinaUSA Stratus Consulting BoulderColoradoUSA Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityPrivate Bag X1Matieland 7602South Africa Department of Biodiversity Earth and Environmental ScienceDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Biology The College of New JerseyEwingNew JerseyUSA

Desert resource environments(***,food)are tied to limited,highly localized rainfall regimes which generate microgeographic variation in the life histories of ***,enhanced growth rates,reproduction and survivorship are observed in response to increased resource availability in a variety of desert plants and short-lived *** examined the thermal ecology and reproduction of US federally threatened Mojave desert tortoises(Gopherus agassizii),long-lived and large-bodied ectotherms,at opposite ends of a 250-m elevation-related rainfall cline within Ivanpah Valley in the eastern Mojave Desert,California,*** operative environments in both the upper-elevation,“Cima,”and the lower-elevation,“Pumphouse,”plots corresponded with daily and seasonal patterns of incident solar *** received 22%more rainfall and contained greater perennial vegetative cover,which conferred 5°C-cooler daytime shaded *** a monitored average rainfall year,Cima tortoises had longer potential activity periods by up to several hours and greater ephemeral *** resource availability in Cima was associated with larger-bodied females producing larger eggs,while still producing the same number of eggs as Pumphouse ***,reproductive success was lower in Cima because 90%of eggs were depredated versus 11%in Pumphouse,indicating that predatory interactions produced counter-gradient variation in reproductive success across the rainfall ***-use impacts on deserts(*** energy generation)are increasing rapidly,and conservation strategies designed to protect and recover threatened desert inhabitants,such as desert tortoises,should incorporate these strong ecosystem-level responses to regional resource variation in assessments of habitat for prospective development and mitigation efforts.

关键词： Gopherus agassizii operative environments reproductive ecology resource gradient