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Patients with non-viral liver disease have a greater tumor burden and less curative treatment options when diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2017年第15期23卷 2763-2770页

作者： Waled Mohsen Marcia Rodov Emilia Prakoso Barbara Charlton David G Bowen David j.Koorey nicholas A Shackel Geoffrey W McCaughan Simone I Strasser AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre Royal Prince Alfred Hospital

AIM To assess the impact of underlying liver disease etiology on the presenting features and outcomes in a large cohort of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). METHODS A prospective database of all patients with HCC was established from 1998 to March 2012. One thousand and seventy-eight patients were categorized into three groups, based on the etiology of their liver disease: hepatitis B virus(HBV), hepatitis C virus(HCV) and non-viral liver disease(NVLD). Overall survival was determined by Kaplan Meier analysis to time of death or last *** HCC patients with HCV(85%) were more likely to be diagnosed as part of a surveillance program, compared to HBV or NVLD(both 71%)(P < 0.001). Patients with NVLD were more likely to receive best supportive care(29%) compared to those with HBV(21%) or HCV(20%)(P < 0.02). Twelve percent of NVLD and 13% of HBV patients underwent liver transplantation compared to 21% of HCV patients(P = 0.001). Median survival from presentation was lowest in NVLD(1.7 years) when compared to HBV(2.8 years) and HCV(2.6 years)(P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of survival included Child Turcotte Pugh score, size of dominant lesion, absence of vascular invasion, and management with surgical resection or liver transplantation. Patient age and the etiology of the underlying liver disease were not independent predictors of survival CONCLUSION Patients with NVLD and HCC were less likely to be enrolled in a HCC surveillance program and are less likely to have curative therapies such as liver resection and transplantation after diagnosis with HCC, when compared to patients with Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C.

关键词： Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatocellular carcinoma Surveillance Therapy Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Survival

Zebrafish as an in Vivo Screen for Early Black Cranberry Proanthocyanidin Biomolecular Activity

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American j.urnal of Molecular Biology 2014年第2期4卷 37-48页

作者： nicholas j. Macedo Catherine C. Neto Anne M. Liberty Tracie L. Ferreira Department of Bioengineering The University of Massachusetts Dartmouth North Dartmouth USA Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry The University of Massachusetts Dartmouth North Dartmouth USA

Antioxidants have been widely studied in various naturally occurring substances as a bioavailable cancer prevention treatment. Proanthocyanidins (PACs), which are abundant polyphenols in Early Black (EB) Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), are readily available and we have shown their anticancer activity in several cancer cell lines. This work focused on the activity of these compounds when incorporated into the zebrafish (Danio rerio) system. We began investigating the in vivo effect of these phytochemicals, the protective role of several other cranberry compounds, and the metabolic activity of the vertebrate model organism. Proanthocyanidin fractions were separated from fresh EB Cranberry fruit by chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 in order to acquire a workable stock solution in DMSO. Various concentrations of proanthocyanidins in solution were tested against fish ranging in age from 1-cell stage to adult level of growth. Acridine orange apoptosis indicator dye was incorporated into the treatment protocol, and it was observed that irregular epithelial cell death was occurring in treated embryos but not in the control group. Further apoptosis assays were carried out utilizing Dihydroethidium (DHE) superoxide sensitive dye in the treatment protocol. Fluorescing red nuclei were visible along the outer surface of the epithelium cell layer;an indication of superoxide release within cells leading to the nicking of DNA within the nucleus. It was also possible to screen for superoxide release in PACs treated CCD-CO18 and HT-29 cells using confocal microscopy and cell apoptosis was investigated by trypan blue cytotoxicity assay;cell apoptosis results were statistically significant as confirmed by ANOVA analysis. Results indicate that the phytochemicals may induce apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells.

关键词： Zebrafish In Vivo Proanthocyanidins

Biologically Enabled Syntheses of Nanostructured 3-D Sensor Materials:the Potential for 3-D Genetically Engineered Microdevices (3-D GEMs)

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稀有金属材料与工程 2006年第A3期35卷 13-14页

作者： Kenneth H. Sandhage Samuel Shian Christopher S. Gaddis Michael R. Weatherspoon Ye Cai Sehoon Yoo Michael S. Haluska Robert L. Snyder Ying Liu Meilin Liu nicholas Ferrell Derek j. Hansford Mark Hildebrand Brian Palenik School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA Biomedical Engineering Department the Ohio State University Columbus OH USA Microbiology Department Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California at San Diego La Jolla CA USA

Three-dimensional (3-D)self-assembly of nanos- tructures and nanodevices on a large scale remains a grand quest for *** nanostructured assemblies with controlled 3-D shapes can exhibit attractive properties for sensor and other applications. Protocols for 3-D self-assembly that can be scaled up for mass production on a large up to tonnage)scale, while preserving morphological features on a small (down to nanometer)scale,are needed to allow for widespread use of 3-D nanostructures in advanced ***,these often conflicting requirements of scalability and precision pose a difficult challenge for synthetic (man-made)processing routes.

关键词： D GEMs Biologically Enabled Syntheses of Nanostructured 3-D Sensor Materials

SDS-PAGE analysis of whole cell protein and outer memrbane protein patterns of clinical isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei

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Asian Pacific j.urnal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第5期2卷 14-19页

作者： Aoichart Nontprasert Cheeraratana Cheeramakara Sasithon Pukrittayakamee David AB Dance Ty L Pitt Michael D Smith Sirivan Vanij.nonta nicholas j.White Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol UniversityBangkokThailand Health Protection Agency South West Tamar Science ParkDevonUnited Kingdom Public Health Laboratory Service Central Public Health LaboratoryDivision of Hospital InfectionLondonUnited Kingdom Nuffield Department of Medicine John Radcliffe HospitalOxford UniversityUnited Kingdom

Obj.ctive:To investigate the banding patterns of whole cell protein(WCP) and outer membrane protein (OMP) of Burkholderia pseudomallei(***) in clinical isolates from patients with melioidosis. Methods:WCP and OMP of of *** in 50 clinical isolates,from 47 patients with melioidosis were prepared and separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) using 10%gels and stained with Coomassie brilliant *** banding patterns were compared by using a laser densitometer and dendrogram. Results:There were 6 different banding patterns of WCP and 2 types of *** 1 -5 WCP had 8 common protein bands at 19.0 - 45.0 kDa with identical OMP *** banding patterns of WCP in type 6 were distinct from the others and also its OMP *** maj.rity of clinical isolates(37/50,74%) were in type 1 *** the remaining isolates,8 were in type 2,2 in type 3,and one each was in type 4 to *** was no significant association between the WCP typing and the demographic or clinical features of the investigated ***:Despite the wide variation of clinical features of melioidosis,the results of this study show that *** had a few differences in the WCP and OMP *** typing of WCP and OMP,using SDS-PAGE analysis,could be an alternative method for phenotypic differentiation in clinical isolates of ***.

关键词： SDS-PAGE Burkholderia pseudomallei Whole cell protein Outer membrane protein Melioidosis

Characterization of colonic dendritic cells in normal and colitic mice

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2005年第40期11卷 6338-6347页

作者： Sheena M Cruickshank nicholas R English Peter j.Felsburg Simon R Carding Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology Antigen Presentation Research Group Department of Clinical Science

AIM： Recent studies demonstrating the direct involvement of dendritic cells （DC） in the activation of pathogenic T cells in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease identify DC as important antigen presenting cells in the colon. However, very little is known about the properties of colonic DC. METHODS： Using immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and flow cytometry we have characterized and compared colonic DC in the colon of healthy animals and interleukin-2-deficient （IL2-/-） mice that develop colitis. RESULTS： In the healthy colon, DC resided within the lamina propria and in close association with the basement membrane of colonic villi. Type i myeloid （CD11c^＋, CD11b^＋, B220, CD8） DC made up the largest （40-45%） population and all DC expressed low levels of CD80, CD86, and CD40, and had high endooltic activity consistent with an immature phenotype. In colitic IL2-/- mice, colonic DC numbers increased four- to five-fold and were localized within the epithelial layer and within aggregates of T and B cells. They were also many more DC in mesenteric lymph nodes （MLN）. The maj.rity （〉85%） of DC in the colon and MLN of IL2./ mice were type 1 myeloid, and expressed high levels of MHC class II, CD80, CD86, CD40, DEC 205, and CCR5 molecules and were of low endocytic activity consistent with mature DC. CONCLUSION： These findings demonstrate striking changes in the number, distribution and phenotype of DC in the inflamed colon. Their intimate association with lymphocytes in the colon and draining lymph nodes suggest that they may contribute directly to the ongoing inflammation in the colon.

关键词： Colonic dendritic cells Interleukin 2 Colitis

Lower extremity inj.ry in female basketball players is related to a large difference in peak eversion torque between barefoot and shod conditions

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j.urnal of Sport and Health Science 2014年第3期3卷 227-232页

作者： j.nnifer M.Yentes Max j.Kurz nicholas Stergiou Nebraska Biomechanics Core Facility Department of HealthPhysical Education and Recreation.University of Nebraska at Omaha Munroe-Meyer Institute.Department of Physical Therapy University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Public Health Department of Environmental HealthOccupational Health and ToxicologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center

Background： The maj.rity of inj.ries reported in female basketball players are ankle sprains and mechanisms leading to inj.ry have been debated. Investigations into muscular imbalances in barefoot versus shod conditions and their relationship with inj.ry severity have not been performed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of wearing athletic shoes on muscular strength and its relationship to lower extremity inj.ries, specifically female basketball players due to the high incidence of ankle inj.ries in this population. Methods： During pre-season, 11 female collegiate basketball players underwent inversion and eversion muscle strength testing using an iso- kinetic dynamometer in both a barefoot and shod conditions. The difference between conditions was calculated for inversion and eversion peak torque, time to peak torque as well as eversion-to-inversion peak torque percent strength ratio for both conditions. Lower extremity inj.ries were documented and ranked in severity. The ranked difference between barefoot and shod conditions for peak torque and time to peak torque as well as percent strength ratio was correlated with inj.ry ranking using a Spearman rho correlation （p） with an a level of 0.05. Results： The ranked differences in barefoot and shod for peak eversion and inversion torque at 120°/s were correlated with their inj.ry ranking. Ranking of the athletes based on the severity of inj.ries that were sustained during the season was found to have a strong, positive relationship with the difference in peak eversion torque between barefoot and shod （p = 0.78; p = 0.02）. Conclusion： It is possible that a large discrepancy between strength in barefoot and shod conditions can predispose an athlete to inj.ry. Nar- rowing the difference in peak eversion torque between barefoot and shod could decrease propensity to inj.ry. Future work should investigate the effect of restoration of muscular strength during barefoot and shod exercise on inj.ry rates

关键词： Ankle sprain Isoklnetic dynamometer Muscular imbalance Strength

Development of an Integrated Tool for Small-Scale Maize Farming in Uganda

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第7期11卷 653-666页

作者： Louis j. M. Obura Robert K. Kambugu nicholas Kiggundu Hussein K. Balimunsi Samuel Kyamanywa Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Makerere University Kampala Uganda Department of Agricultural Engineering University of Juba Juba South Sudan Department of Agricultural Production Makerere University Kampala Uganda

About 62% of the maize produced in developing countries is cultivated manually owing to limited access to appropriate technology. Available technologies perform a single operation, necessitating farmers to buy multiple implements, which is expensive. In this study, an ox-drawn tool integrating a plough, planter and cultivator for small-scale maize farming was developed and its performance evaluated. Planting and cultivating units were designed and fabricated for assembly onto an existing standard ox-plough beam. The integrated tool was tested in the field to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of cultivation and planting of maize. Results showed that the planting unit had an average seed rate of 35.4 kg/ha with a seed damage of 4% and an effective field capacity of 0.15 ha/h at a field efficiency of 87.3%. The cultivating unit had an effective field capacity of 0.1 ha/h and a weeding efficiency of 86%. The efficiency, effectiveness and reliability for field operations are superior to manual operations currently used by farmers and are comparable to single-unit prototypes developed in other countries. This demonstrates the technical feasibility of integrating planting and cultivation units onto an existing mould board plough instead of buying multiple tools.

关键词： Integrated Tool Plough Cultivator Mechanization Smallholder Maize Farming

Models and estimators linking individual-based and sample-based rarefaction, extrapolation and comparison of assemblages

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j.urnal of Plant Ecology 2012年第1期5卷 3-21页

作者： Robert K.Colwell Anne Chao nicholas j.Gotelli Shang-Yi Lin Chang Xuan Mao Robin L.Chazdon j.hn T.Longino Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA Institute of Statistics National Tsing Hua UniversityHsin-Chu 30043Taiwan Department of Biology University of VermontBurlingtonVT 05405USA School of Statistics and Management Shanghai University of Finance and EconomicsShanghai 200433China Department of Biology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA

Aims In ecology and conservation biology,the number of species counted in a biodiversity study is a key metric but is usually a biased underestimate of total species richness because many rare species are not ***,comparing species richness among sites or samples is a statistical challenge because the observed number of species is sensitive to the number of individuals counted or the area *** individual-based data,we treat a single,empirical sample of species abundances from an investigator-defined species assemblage or community as a reference point for two estimation obj.ctives under two sampling models:estimating the expected number of species(and its unconditional variance)in a random sample of(i)a smaller number of individuals(multinomial model)or a smaller area sampled(Poisson model)and(ii)a larger number of individuals or a larger area *** sample-based incidence(presence–absence)data,under a Bernoulli product model,we treat a single set of species incidence frequencies as the reference point to estimate richness for smaller and larger numbers of sampling *** The first obj.ctive is a problem in interpolation that we address with classical rarefaction(multinomial model)and Coleman rarefaction(Poisson model)for individual-based data and with sample-based rarefaction(Bernoulli product model)for incidence *** second is a problem in extrapolation that we address with sampling-theoretic predictors for the number of species in a larger sample(multinomial model),a larger area(Poisson model)or a larger number of sampling units(Bernoulli product model),based on an estimate of asymptotic species *** published methods exist for many of these obj.ctives,we bring them together here with some new estimators under a unified statistical and notational *** novel integration of mathematically distinct approaches allowed us to link interpolated(rarefaction)curves and extrapolated curves to plot a unified

关键词： Bernoulli product model Coleman curve multinomial model Poisson model random placement species–area relation

Performance and calibration of quark/gluon-j.t taggers using 140 fb^(-1) of pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 1-25页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N.j. Abicht S.H. Abidi A. Aboulhorma H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B.S. Acharya C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk S.V. Addepalli M.j. Addison j. Adelman A. Adiguzel T. Adye A.A. Affolder Y. Afik M.N. Agaras j. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W.S. Ahmed S. Ahuj. X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot M. Ait Tamlihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg M. Akbiyik T.P.A. Åkesson A.V. Akimov D. Akiyama N.N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury G.L. Alberghi j. Albert P. Albicocco G.L. Albouy S. Alderweireldt M. Aleksa I.N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi M. Algren M. Alhroob B. Ali H.M.j. Ali S. Ali S.W. Alibocus M. Aliev G. Alimonti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B.M.M. Allbrooke j.F. Allen C.A. Allendes Flores P.P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani M. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez M. Alves Cardoso M.G. Alviggi M. Aly Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler C. Amelung M. Amerl C.G. Ames D. Amidei S.P. Amor Dos Santos K.R. Amos V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen j.K. Anders S.Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angerami A.V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel M.T. Anthony E. Antipov M. Antonelli F. Anulli M. Aoki T. Aoki j.A. Aparisi Pozo M.A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal S.j. Arbiol Val C. Arcangeletti A.T.H. Arce E. Arena j.F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos j.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N.A. Asbah j. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos S. Atashi R.j. Atkin M. Atkinson H. Atmani P.A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio A.D. Auriol V.A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea P. Bagnaia M. Bahmani A.j. Bailey V.R. Bailey j.T. Baines L. Baines O.K. Baker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubramanian E.M. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L.M. Baltes W.K. Balunas j. Balz E. Banas M. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak M. Barakat E.L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero M.Z. Barel K.N. Barends T. Barillari M-S. Barisits T. Barklow P. Baron D.A. Baron Mo The ATLAS Collaboration

The identification of j.ts originating from quarks and gluons,often referred to as quark/gluon tagging,plays an important role in various analyses performed at the Large Hadron Collider,as Standard Model measurements and searches for new particles decaying to quarks often rely on suppressing a large gluon-induced *** paper describes the measurement of the efficiencies of quark/gluon taggers developed within the ATLAS Collaboration,using √s=13 TeV proton–proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 140 fb^(-1) collected by the ATLAS *** taggers with high performances in rej.cting j.ts from gluon over j.ts from quarks are studied:one tagger is based on requirements on the number of inner-detector tracks associated with the j.t,and the other combines several j.t substructure observables using a boosted decision tree.A method is established to determine the quark/gluon fraction in data,by using quark/gluon-enriched subsamples defined by the j.t *** in tagging efficiency between data and simulation are provided for j.ts with transverse momentum between 500 GeV and 2 TeV and for multiple tagger working points.

关键词： ATLAS j.T QUARK GLUON TAGGING