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Rapid ongoing decline of Baird’s tapir in Cusuco National Park, Honduras

Integrative Zoology 2012年第4期7卷 420-428页

作者： niall P.McCANN Phil M.WHEELER Tim COLES Michael W.BRUFORD School of Biosciences Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK Centre for Environmental and Marine Sciences University of HullScarboroughUK Operation Wallacea Wallace HouseOld BolingbrokeUK

During the International Tapir Symposium 16-21 Oct 2011,the conservation of Baird's tapir(Tapirus baindi)in Honduras received a boost with the signing of a memorandum of understanding between the Minister Direc-tor of the Honduran Instute of Conservation and Forestry(CF)and the Tapir Specialist Group(TSG)Despite this agreement,accelerating levels of hunting and habitat loss contimue to pose a threat to Baird's tapir in *** ongoing study in Cusuco National Park in northwestern Honduras has been monitoring changes in population dynamics of Baird's tapir since 2006 through the collection of occupancy *** study has iden-tified an increase in hunting pressure,coinciding with a drastic decline in the encounter rate with Baird's tapir ***,we examine the significance of a range of demographic variables on Baird's tapir occupancy in Cu-suco National Park using the software PRESENCE,and simulate the effects of different management strategies on the fiuture dynamics of the population using the stochastic simulation software VORTEX The predictions of the theoretical population models are compared to observed changes in occupancy *** found that non-intervention resulted in the local extinction of Baird's tapir within a very short time fiame,but that various in-tervention models enabled the population to recover to near carrying *** and extinction prob-ability were shown to respond marlkedly to the increase in hunting pressure;and occupancy models supported the fiuture population predictions generated by *** study suggests that immediate intervention is re-quired to reduce hunting pressure to near historical levels to prevent the imminent 1ocal extinction of the species.

关键词： Baird's tapir Honduras population viability analysis PRESENCE VORTEX

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Is the Remediation at Parys Mountain Successfully Reducing Acid Mine Drainage?

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2018年第5期9卷 540-553页

作者： niall Marsay School of Chemistry Bangor University Bangor UK

Metal ion concentrations and acidity were used as indicators of acid mine drainage (AMD) at Parys Mountain, a large abandoned copper mine on An-glesey, Wales. Water samples were collected in two sessions and taken from a linear stream flowing from the northern side of the mine, and a stream flowing from the south side of the mine that has two settling ponds and long stretches of wetland along its path. pH measurements were taken to measure acidity levels and metal ions (Fe, Al, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Pb) were quantified by inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES) spectrometry. The pH values at the settling ponds and northern stream were between 2 and 3 while the wetlands had pH values of 5 - 6 implying that it was the wetlands that reduced acidity, and not the distance downstream. Both streams showed a reduction in concentrations of all elements with distance downstream. The decrease was linear for the northern stream and exponential for the southern stream, suggesting that the reed beds and settling ponds were successful at removing metal ions;potentially, through slower flow rates allowing more time for redox reactions to occur, thus precipitating metal hydroxides and pure metals and removing them from solution. In November, the northern stream had substantially higher concentrations of Fe, Al, Zn, Cu, and Mn, but not Pb (126, 34.0, 29.1, 14.6, 10.4, and 0.064 mg/L respectively) in solution when compared to the southern stream, which had concentrations of 10.2, 12.2, 11.9, 2.43, 6.11, and 0.706 mg/L for Fe, Al, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Pb respectively. However, in January the first sample site had higher concentrations of all elements except Mn;(107, 22.0, 26.1, 10.3, 1.48, and 0.506 mg/L for Fe, Al, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Pb respectively) when compared to the northern stream (55.0, 10.6, 7.55, 6.10, 1.59, and 0.041 mg/L for Fe, Al, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Pb respectively): but by the second sample site, the southern stream concentrations had dropped to concentrations present in the northern stream

关键词： Acid Mine Drainage Remediation Parys Mountain Anglesey

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LOV to BLUF： Flavoprotein Contributions to the Optogenetic Toolkit

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Molecular Plant 2012年第3期5卷 533-544页

作者： John M. Christie Jayde Gawthorne Gillian Young niall J. Fraser^c and Andrew J. Roe Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow UK Institute of Infection immunity and Inflammation College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow UK Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow UK

Optogenetics is an emerging field that combines optical and genetic approaches to non-invasively interfere with cellular events with exquisite spatiotemporal control. Although it arose originally from neuroscience, optogenetics is widely applicable to the study of many different biological systems and the range of applications arising from this tech- nology continues to increase. Moreover, the repertoire of light-sensitive proteins used for devising new optogenetic tools is rapidly expanding. Light, Oxygen, or Voltage sensing （LOV） and Blue-Light-Utilizing flavin adenine dinucleotide （FAD）（BLUF） domains represent new contributors to the optogenetic toolkit. These small （100-140-amino acids） flavoprotein modules are derived from plant and bacterial photoreceptors that respond to UV-A/blue light. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in uncovering the photoactivation mechanisms of both LOV and BLUF domains. This knowledge has been applied in the design of synthetic photoswitches and fluorescent reporters with applications in cell biology and biotechnology. In this review, we summarize the photochemical properties of LOV and BLUF photosensors and highlight some of the recent advances in how these flavoproteins are being employed to artificially regulate and image a variety of biological processes.

关键词： Blue-Light.Utilizing FAD chromophore flavin fluorescence light, oxygen or voltage optogenetics photo- receptor protein engineering

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Stereotactic radiotherapy and the potential role of magnetic resonance-guided adaptive techniques for pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第7期28卷 745-754页

作者： Tai Ermongkonchai Richard Khor Vijayaragavan Muralidharan niall Tebbutt Kelvin Lim Numan Kutaiba Sweet Ping Ng Department of Radiation Oncology Olivia Newton-John Cancer Centre at Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Surgery Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Medical Oncology Olivia Newton-John Cancer Centre at Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Diagnostic Radiology Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia

BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a malignancy with one of the poorest prognoses amongst all *** with unresectable tumours either receive palliative care or undergo various chemoradiotherapy *** techniques are often associated with acute gastrointestinal toxicities,as adjacent critical structures such as the duodenum ultimately limits delivered *** body radiotherapy(SBRT)is an advanced radiation technique that delivers highly ablative radiation split into several fractions,with a steep dose fall-off outside target *** To discuss the latest data on SBRT and whether there is a role for magnetic resonance-guided techniques in multimodal management of locally advanced,unresectable pancreatic *** We conducted a search on multiple large databases to collate the latest records on radiotherapy techniques used to treat pancreatic *** of 1229 total records retrieved from our search,36 studies were included in this *** Studies indicate that SBRT is associated with improved clinical efficacy and toxicity profiles compared to conventional radiotherapy *** dose escalation to the tumour with SBRT is limited by the poor soft-tissue visualisation of computed tomography imaging during radiation planning and treatment *** resonance-guided techniques have been introduced to improve imaging quality,enabling treatment plan adaptation and re-optimisation before delivering each *** Therefore,SBRT may lead to improved survival outcomes and safer toxicity profiles compared to conventional techniques,and the addition of magnetic resonance-guided techniques potentially allows dose escalation and conversion of unresectable tumours to operable cases.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging Pancreatic cancer Radiotherapy Stereotactic Adaptive techniques

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Texting Makes U Stupid

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考试（高考英语） 2011年第12期 27-29页

作者： niall Ferguson 不详

The *** producing civilizational *** will they compete against America＇s global rivals？编者注：illiterate：If you describe someone as musically,technologically,or economically illiterate,you mean that they do not know much about music,technology,or economics. rival：Your rival is a person,business,or organization who you are competing or fighting against in the same area or for the same things.

关键词：英语学习高中英语英语美文英语阅读

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What If 9/11 Had Never Happened? Imagining what the world would look like today if the attacks had never happened

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考试（高考英语） 2011年第10期 32-34页

作者： niall Ferguson 不详

How different would the world be today if there had been no 9/11? What if the attacks had been foiled or bungled? One obvious answer is that Americans would probably care a lot less than they do about the rest of the ... 详细信息

关键词：高中生英语学习学习方法阅读练习

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Diverse morphologies of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their electrocatalytic performance in hydrogen production

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第5期30卷 162-170页

作者： Veronica M.Sofianos Junqiao Lee Debbie S.Silvester Pralok K.Samanta Mark Paskevicius niall J.English Craig E.Buckley Department of Physics and Astronomy Fuels and Energy Technology InstituteCurtin UniversityPerthBentley 6102Australia University College Dublin School of Chemical and Bioprocess EngineeringBelfieldDublin 4Ireland Curtin Institute for Functional Moleailes and Interfaces School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthBentley 6102Australia

Hydrogen is considered an attractive alternative to fossil fuels,but only a small amount of it is produced from renewable energy,making it not such a clean energy carrier after *** hydrogen through water electrolysis is promising,but using a cost-effective and high-performing catalyst that has longterm stability is still a *** study exploits,for the first time,the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles with diverse morphologies as catalysts for the electrocatalytic production of hydrogen from *** morphology of the nanoparticles(wires,cuboids,spheres)was easily regulated by changing the concentration of sodium hydroxide,used as the shape controlling agent,during the *** spherical morphology exhibited the highest electrocatalytic activity at the lowest potential *** spherical nanoparticles had the highest number of oxygen vacancies and lowest particle size compared to the other two morphologies,features directly linked to high catalytic ***,the nanowires were much more stable with repeated ***-functional theory showed that the presence of oxygen vacancies in all three morphologies led to diminished band gaps,which is of catalytic interest.

关键词： ZnO nanoparticles Nanocatalysts Electrocatalysis Hydrogen production Water splitting

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Long, thin transmission chains of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 may go undetected for several weeks at low to moderate reproduction numbers: Implications for containment and elimination strategy

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 474-489页

作者： Gerry F.Killeen Patricia M.Kearney Ivan J.Perry niall Conroy School of Biological Earth&Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland Environmental Research Institute University College CorkCorkIreland School of Public Health University College CorkCorkIreland Wide Bay Public Health Unit QueenslandAustralia Faculty of Medicine University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 1(SARS-CoV-1)infections almost always caused overt symptoms,so effective case and contact management enabled its effective eradication within ***,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)usually causes only mild symptoms,so transmission chains may grow to include several individuals before at least one index case becomes ill enough to self-report for diagnosis and ***,simple mathematical models were developed to evaluate the implications of delayed index case detection for retrospective contact tracing and management ***,these simulations illustrate how:(1)Contact tracing and management may effectively contain most but not all large SARS-CoV-2 clusters arising at foci with high reproduction numbers because rapidly expanding transmission chains ensure at least one overtly symptomatic index case occurs within two viral generations a week or less apart.(2)However,lower reproduction numbers give rise to thinner transmission chains extending through longer sequences of non-reporting asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic individuals,often spanning three or more viral generations(2 weeks of transmission)before an overtly symptomatic index case occurs.(3)Consequently,it is not always possible to fully trace and contain such long,thin transmission chains,so the community transmission they give rise to is underrepresented in surveillance data.(4)Wherever surveillance systems are weak and/or transmission proceeds within population groups with lower rates of overt clinical symptoms and/or self-reporting,case and contact management effectiveness may be more severely limited,even at the higher reproduction numbers associated with larger outbreaks.(5)Because passive surveillance platforms may be especially slow to detect the thinner transmission chains that occur at low reproduction numbers,establishing satisfactory confidence of elimination may require that no confirmed cases are detec

关键词： Coronavirus COVID SARS2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 SARS-CoV-2 Model Epidemiology Outbreak Case and contact management

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Taxes on Every Article

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英语学习 2005年第3期 72-75页

作者： niall Ferguson 宏刚

本章追溯了税收的起源,探讨了税收在古希腊(?) 马时期的形式及税率,并论述了征税对国家经济的影响。总的来说,作者认为太重的税收不利于国际贸易的发展,会降低国家的总收入。作者对关(?) 税收的两种学派——自由贸易主义和贸易保护主义... 详细信息

本章追溯了税收的起源,探讨了税收在古希腊(?) 马时期的形式及税率,并论述了征税对国家经济的影响。总的来说,作者认为太重的税收不利于国际贸易的发展,会降低国家的总收入。作者对关(?) 税收的两种学派——自由贸易主义和贸易保护主义——的产生和历史沿革做了有趣的论述,使我们对这两派的主要论点和发展轨迹有了比较清楚的解。税收所反映的西方经济思潮在这里得到了明晰的阐述。

关键词：从价税自由贸易托利党贸易保护主义关税税率 Taxes on Every Article

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Colonic perforation in Behet's syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第42期14卷 6578-6580页

作者： Catherine M Dowling Arnold DK Hill Carmel Malone John J Sheehan Shona Tormey Kieran Sheahan Enda McDermott niall J O’Higgins Department of Surgery St. Vincents University Hospital Elm Park Dublin 4 Ireland Department of Radiology St. Vincent's University Hospital Elm Park Dublin 4 Ireland Department of Pathology St. Vincent's University Hospital Elm Park Dublin 4 Ireland

A 17-year-old gentleman was admitted to our hospital for headache, the differential diagnosis of which included Behcet＇s syndrome （BS）. He developed an acute abdomen and was found to have air under the diaphragm on erect chest X-ray. Subsequent laparotomy revealed multiple perforations throughout the colon. This report describes an unusual complication of Behcets syndrome occurring at the time of presentation and a review of the current literature of reported cases.

关键词： Colonic perforation Behcet's syndrome

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