Long, thin transmission chains of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 may go undetected for several weeks at low to moderate reproduction numbers: Implications for containment and elimination strategy

作     者：Gerry F.Killeen Patricia M.Kearney Ivan J.Perry Niall Conroy 

作者机构：School of BiologicalEarth&Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland Environmental Research InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland School of Public HealthUniversity College CorkCorkIreland Wide Bay Public Health UnitQueenslandAustralia Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia 

出 版 物：《Infectious Disease Modelling》 (传染病建模（英文）)

年 卷 期：2021年第6卷第1期

页      面：474-489页

学科分类：1004[医学-公共卫生与预防医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 100401[医学-流行病与卫生统计学] 10[医学] 

基　　金：GFK is supported by an AXA Research Chair award funded by the AXA Research Fund and the College of Science Engineering and Food Science at University College Cork 

主　　题：Coronavirus COVID SARS2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 SARS-CoV-2 Model Epidemiology Outbreak Case and contact management 

摘      要：Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 1(SARS-CoV-1)infections almost always caused overt symptoms,so effective case and contact management enabled its effective eradication within ***,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)usually causes only mild symptoms,so transmission chains may grow to include several individuals before at least one index case becomes ill enough to self-report for diagnosis and ***,simple mathematical models were developed to evaluate the implications of delayed index case detection for retrospective contact tracing and management ***,these simulations illustrate how:(1)Contact tracing and management may effectively contain most but not all large SARS-CoV-2 clusters arising at foci with high reproduction numbers because rapidly expanding transmission chains ensure at least one overtly symptomatic index case occurs within two viral generations a week or less apart.(2)However,lower reproduction numbers give rise to thinner transmission chains extending through longer sequences of non-reporting asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic individuals,often spanning three or more viral generations(2 weeks of transmission)before an overtly symptomatic index case occurs.(3)Consequently,it is not always possible to fully trace and contain such long,thin transmission chains,so the community transmission they give rise to is underrepresented in surveillance data.(4)Wherever surveillance systems are weak and/or transmission proceeds within population groups with lower rates of overt clinical symptoms and/or self-reporting,case and contact management effectiveness may be more severely limited,even at the higher reproduction numbers associated with larger outbreaks.(5)Because passive surveillance platforms may be especially slow to detect the thinner transmission chains that occur at low reproduction numbers,establishing satisfactory confidence of elimination may require that no confirmed cases are detec