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Mental health status in veterans residing in rural versus non-rural areas: results from the veterans’ health study

Military Medical Research 2021年第1期8卷 79-89页

作者： joseph j.Boscarino Charles R.Figley Richard E.Adams Thomas G.Urosevich H.Lester Kirchner joseph A.Boscarino Clinical Psychology Department William James CollegeNewtonMA 02459USA School of Social Work Tulane UniversityNew OrleansLA 70112USA Department of Sociology Kent State UniversityKentOH 44242USA Ophthalmology Service Geisinger ClinicMount PoconoPA 18344USA Department of Population Health Sciences Geisinger Clinic100 N.Academy Avenue44-00DanvillePA 17822USA

Background: The majority of Veterans Affair(VA) hospitals are in urban areas. We examined whether veterans residing in rural areas have lower mental health service use and poorer mental health ***: Veterans with at least 1 warzone deployment in central and northeastern Pennsylvania were randomly selected for an interview. Mental health status, including posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD), major depression, alcohol abuse and mental health global severity, were assessed using structured interviews. Psychiatric service use was based on self-reported utilization in the past 12 months. Results were compared between veterans residing in rural and non-rural areas. Data were also analyzed using multivariate logistic regression to minimize the influence by confounding ***: A total of 1730 subjects(55% of the eligible veterans) responded to the survey and 1692 of them had complete geocode information. Those that did not have this information(n=38), were excluded from some analyses. Veterans residing in rural areas were older, more often of the white race, married, and experienced fewer stressful events. In comparison to those residing in non-rural areas, veterans residing in rural areas had lower global mental health severity scores;they also had fewer mental health visits. In multivariate logistic regression, rural residence was associated with lower service use, but not with PTSD, major depression, alcohol abuse, and global mental health severity score after adjusting confounding factors(e.g., age, gender, marital status and education).Conclusions: Rural residence is associated with lower mental health service use, but not with poor mental health in veterans with former warzone deployment, suggesting rural residence is possibly protective.

关键词： Veterans Rural Risk factors PTSD Alcohol abuse Depression Service use Census data

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美国妇女中大便失禁的人群研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2006年第8期2卷 9-9页

作者： Melville j.L. newton K. Fenner D. 党慧敏 University of Washington School of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Box 356460 1959 NE Pacific Street Seattle WA 98195- 6460 United States Dr.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of fecal incontinence (FI) and associated risk factors in a broad age range of community-dwelling women. Study design: This was a population-based, age-stratified postal survey of 6000 women aged 30 to 90 years enrolled in a large HMO in Washington State. Sample was linked to longitudinal automated medical data. FI was defined as loss of liquid or solid stool at least monthly. Results: The response rate was 64% . The prevalence of FI was 7.2% ; prevalence increased notably with age. Women with FI reported significant lifestyle alteration and functional disability. Older age (adjusted odds ratio [OR]- 2.11- 2.22), major depression (OR 2.73), urinary incontinence (OR 2.32), medical comorbidity (OR 1.76- 2.58), and operative vaginal delivery (OR 1.52) were significantly associated with increased odds of FI. Conclusion: In this large report of US community-dwelling women, FI was a prevalent condition. Age, major depression, urinary incontinence, medical illness, and operative vaginal delivery were strongly associated with likelihood of FI.

关键词：大便失禁共病率社区妇女保健组织医学数据问卷调查阴道分娩应答率功能障碍优势比

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Nonlinear Waves in Solid Continua with Finite Deformation

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American journal of Computational Mathematics 2015年第3期5卷 345-386页

作者： K. S. Surana j. Knight j. N. Reddy Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A & M University College Station TX USA

This work considers initiation of nonlinear waves, their propagation, reflection, and their interactions in thermoelastic solids and thermoviscoelastic solids with and without memory. The conservation and balance laws constituting the mathematical models as well as the constitutive theories are derived for finite deformation and finite strain using second Piola-Kirchoff stress tensor and Green’s strain tensor and their material derivatives [1]. Fourier heat conduction law with constant conductivity is used as the constitutive theory for heat vector. Numerical studies are performed using space-time variationally consistent finite element formulations derived using space-time residual functionals and the non-linear equations resulting from the first variation of the residual functional are solved using newton’s Linear Method with line search. Space-time local approximations are considered in higher order scalar product spaces that permit desired order of global differentiability in space and time. Computed results for non-linear wave propagation, reflection, and interaction are compared with linear wave propagation to demonstrate significant differences between the two, the importance of the nonlinear wave propagation over linear wave propagation as well as to illustrate the meritorious features of the mathematical models and the space-time variationally consistent space-time finite element process with time marching in obtaining the numerical solutions of the evolutions.

关键词： Linear and Nonlinear Waves Second Piola-Kirchoff Stress Green's Strain Constitutive Theories Dissipation Memory Rheology Finite Strain

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Universal soldier： Pseudomonas aeruginosa -- an opportunistic generalist

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Frontiers in Biology 2013年第4期8卷 387-394页

作者： jeremy GROSS Ian j. PASSMORE jade C. S. CHUNG Olena RZHEPISHEVSKA Madeleine RAMSTEDT Martin WELCH Department of Biochemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1QW UK Department of Chemistry Umed University Umed 901 87 Sweden

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa commonly causes chronic and ultimately deadly lung infections in individuals with the genetic disease cystic fibrosis （CF）. P. aeruginosa is metabolically diverse; it displays a remarkable ability to adapt to and successfully occupy almost any niche, including the ecologically complex CF lung. These P. aeruginosa lung infections are a fascinating example of microbial evolution within a ＂natural＂ ecosystem. Initially, P. aeruginosa shares the lung niche with a plethora of other microorganisms and is vulnerable to antibiotic challenges. Over time, adaptive evolution leads to certain commonly-observed phenotypic changes within the P. aeruginosa population, some of which render it resistant to antibiotics and apparently help it to out-compete the other species that co-habit the airways. Improving genomics techniques continue to elucidate the evolutionary mechanisms of P. aeruginosa within the CF lung and will hopefully identify new vulnerabilities in this robust and versatile pathogen.

关键词： Pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic fibrosis evolution adaptive radiation antibiotic resistance quorum sensing

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EXACT CALCULATION METHODS OF INTERLINKED COLUMN SYSTEM——SIMULATION OF RECOVERY OF PHENOL FROM WASTE WATER CONTAINING PHENOL

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Chinese journal of Chemical Engineering 1986年第1期 95-106页

作者：许恩锡 j.W.TIERNEY Tianjin University University of Pittsburgh

This paper describes a mathematical model and an algorithm which can be used for simulation of in-terlinked column systems consisting of liquid-liquid extraction and *** algorithm is basedupon newton-Raphson iteration technique using suitable damping factors and solutions of simplified modelas initial values of exact *** the exception of principle specification it is possible to interchangethe iteration variables and/or noniteration variables with design variables to meet requirements of design.A process of recovery of phenol from waste water containing pheonol is illustrated to varify the model *** results are satisfied.

关键词： EXACT CALCULATION METHODS OF INTERLINKED COLUMN SYSTEM SIMULATION OF RECOVERY OF PHENOL FROM WASTE WATER CONTAINING PHENOL

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Mass as the Fifth Dimension of the Universe

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International journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2013年第3期3卷 257-259页

作者： Bijan Nikouravan jitendra j. Rawal Department of Physics Islamic Azad University (IAU)-Varamin-Pishva Branch Tehran Iran Department of Physics University Malaya (UM) Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

newton considered three-dimensional universe endowed with flat space Euclidean geometry, and treated the time as an outside parameter and established his dynamics of the universe. Einstein along with space, considered time, and generated a four-dimensional universe endowed with non-Euclidean curved space-time geometry with time as its fourth dimension, and set up his field equations. Schwarzschild solved Einstein’s field equations around a star in space, which is, otherwise, flat, and obtained a solution. We, along with space and time, considered mass which also included energy according to Einstein’s mass-energy equivalence relation: E = mc2, and generated a five-dimensional universe with the mass as its fifth dimension, and solved the Einstein’s field equations, in some simple cases, and obtained solutions around a star in space, which is otherwise, flat.

关键词： Mass 5D Universe Einstein’s Field Equations

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Nature’s Particulate Matter with and without Charge and Travelling

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Open journal of Biophysics 2016年第3期6卷 75-82页

作者： Bob W. N. j. Ursem Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Applied Sciences Botanic Garden Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands

Natures and anthropogenic particulates can travel long distances on wind flows, but negative electrical charge due to friction can increase dispersion. Models for calculations of distance travelling of biological particulate matter with and without charge are never been calculated in a theoretical approach. Nor do we realize the fact that we can calculate actual distances if we take the charge on particles in account. Particles that travel through the air encounter friction. Friction can be described in two ways;either in a smooth constant way through the air with its viscous forces, or in a turbulent chaotic eddies and vortices and other flow instabilities. In case of only viscous forces are to be concerned, it can be described as a lower Reynolds number than one, while in all other setting it always must be described by Reynolds numbers larger than or equal to one. This article describes the calculated effects on particles, either in a low Reynolds number and thus as a Navier-Stokes equation or Stokes’ Law or, in case of non-laminar and complex forces in an equal or higher Reynolds number according to the third Law of newton. In addition some striking examples of particle travelling are given with evidence of natural particulate matter long distance dispersion.

关键词： Natural Dispersion Electrical Charge Stokes newton

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Thermal Physics and Statistical Mechanics Driven Inertial Confinement Fusion(ICF)Inducing a Controlled Thermonuclear Energy

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journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2021年第1期15卷 20-38页

作者： Bahman Zohuri Farahnaz Behgounia Masoud j.Moghaddam Golden Gate University Ageno School of BusinessSan FranciscoCalifornia 94105USA Galaxy Advanced Engineering AlbuquerqueNew Mexico 87111USA

In the 1970s,scientists began experimenting with powerful laser beams to compress and heat the hydrogen isotopes to the point of fusion,a technique called ICF(Inertial Confinement Fusion).In the“direct drive”approach to ICF,powerful beams of laser light are focused on a small spherical pellet containing micrograms of deuterium and *** rapid heating caused by the laser“driver”makes the outer layer of the target *** keeping with Isaac newton’s Third Law“For every action,there is an equal and opposite reaction”,the remaining portion of the target is driven inwards in a rocket-like implosion,causing compression of the fuel inside the capsule and the formation of a shock wave,which further heats the fuel in the very center and results in a self-sustaining *** fusion burn propagates outward through the cooler,outer regions of the capsule much more rapidly than the capsule can *** of magnetic fields,the plasma is confined by the inertia of its own mass—hence the term inertial confinement fusion.A similar process can be observed on an astrophysical scale in stars and the terrestrial uber world,that have exhausted their nuclear fuel,hence inertially or gravitationally collapsing and generating a supernova explosion,where the results can easily be converted to induction of energy in control forms for a peaceful purpose(i.e.,inertial fusion reaction)by means of thermal physics and statistical mechanics behavior of an ideal Fermi gas,utilizing Fermi-Degeneracy and Thomas-Fermi *** fundamental understanding of thermal physics and statistical mechanics enables us to have a better understanding of Fermi-Degeneracy as well as Thomas-Fermi theory of ideal gas,which results in laser compressing matter to a super high density for purpose of producing thermonuclear energy in way of controlled form for peaceful shape and form ***(Controlled Thermonuclear Reaction).In this short review,we have concentrated on Fundamental of State Equations by dri

关键词： renewable nonrenewable source of energy fusion reactors super high density matter laser driven fusion energy Fermi-Degeneracy Thomas-Fermi theory return on investment total cost of ownership

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A Molecular Dynamics Approach for Optimizing Beam Intensities in IMPT Treatment Planning

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journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2019年第9期7卷 2130-2047页

作者： Li Liao Gino j. Lim Xiaodong Zhang Department of Industrial Engineering University of Houston Houston TX USA Department of Radiation Physics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA

This paper uses a molecular dynamics (MD) method for intensity-modulated proton therapy treatment planning optimization to overcome the problem of gradient-based optimization methods such as quasi-newton, which is sensitive to starting conditions and is easily trapped in local minima. We implemented a molecular dynamics (MD) method and a quasi-newton method for plan optimization. Three types of cancer cases, prostate, head-and-neck and lung cancer, were tested with three starting different initial conditions. Overall, the MD method consistently resulted in solutions with lower objective function values (OFVs) compared to those from the quasi-newton algorithm. Furthermore, the MD method converged on the same OFV regardless of its initial starting points used for the prostate cancer case.

关键词： Molecular Dynamics Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy Quasi-newton

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扭曲有质动力驱动产生扭曲的等离子体波

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中国科学技术大学学报 2023年第1期53卷 25-31,I0008页

作者：时银 David R Blackman Robert j Kingham Alexey Arefiev 中国科学技术大学等离子体物理与聚变工程系安徽合肥230026 加州大学圣迭戈分校机械航空工程系圣迭戈920093美国帝国理工学院Blackett实验室英国伦敦SW72AZ

利用扭曲的有质动力,我们给出了驱动产生的扭曲等离子体波。其中我们利用了两束同向传播的拉盖尔-高斯(LG)光,他们分别携带不同的频率和扭曲指数,结果可以得到扭曲的有质动力。LG光一般被认为携带轨道角动量。三维的网格粒子模拟(PIC)... 详细信息

利用扭曲的有质动力,我们给出了驱动产生的扭曲等离子体波。其中我们利用了两束同向传播的拉盖尔-高斯(LG)光,他们分别携带不同的频率和扭曲指数,结果可以得到扭曲的有质动力。LG光一般被认为携带轨道角动量。三维的网格粒子模拟(PIC)模拟被用来证实激光驱动产生扭曲等离子体波。这种扭曲的等离子体波拥有螺旋旋转的电子密度扰动结构。不同于线性流体理论的预测,模拟结果显示一个非线性的旋转电流和静态的轴向磁场。伴随旋转电流的是扭曲等离子体波中携带轨道角动量的粒子。该文中,我们也给出了详细的扭曲等离子体波的理论分析结果。

关键词：有质动力拉盖尔-高斯轨道角动量等离子体波自生磁场

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