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Nano-scale coating wear measurement by introducing Raman-sensing underlayer

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第1期96卷 285-294页

作者： Nan Xu Chun Wang Liuquan Yang Eric Kumi Barimah Gin Jose Anne neville Ardian Morina Institute of Functional Surfaces School of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUnited Kingdom School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUnited Kingdom

For gaining fundamental insight into coating wear mechanisms and increasing operational efficiency and automation degree of equipment in important application fields of coating techniques,it is of great importance to developing novel wear measurement techniques enabling nanoscale studies of coating wear in the running process,but this remains a significant ***,a facile strategy is reported to achieve accurate coating thickness quantification at nanoscale level,which is based on a bilayer structure:a top target layer of a-C:H(hydrogenated amorphous carbon)film is considered as a light attenuating and anti-wear layer while underlayer of silicon serves as Raman-sensing *** constructing the relationship between the thickness of a-C:H and Raman intensity of attenuated silicon signal,the coating thickness quantification method is established and successfully applied to quantify coating wear in the friction *** approach can effectively avoid remarkable errors caused by tribo-induced effects in the interface regions,demonstrating its advantage in error *** about these tribo-induced effects are also elucidated by a combination of Raman spectroscopy,optical profilometer,EELS,and *** particular,the proposed approach enables the possibility of measuring coating wear with oil film on top,which breaks an important limitation of existed wear measurement methods,i.e.,incapable of applying in oil-lubricated *** approach can be used to quantify the wear condition of diverse target coatings and has the potential of online wear monitoring when combining a compact laser excitation and detection system.

关键词： Coating Wear measurement Raman Layered structure Nanoscale

Behavioral interactions between a coexisting rodent Micaelamys namaquensis and macroscelid Elephantulus myurus

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Current Zoology 2010年第4期56卷 395-400页

作者： Jennifer LANCASTER neville PILLAY School of Animal Plant and Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersrand

A number of mechanisms are known to influence coexistence in small mammal communities. However, the role ofbehavioral interactions in promoting species coexistence is under-represented in the literature. We studied the behavioral interactionsof two coexisting small mammals, the Namaqua rock mouse Micaelamys namaquensis (Rodentia) and the Rock sengi Elephantulusmyurus (Macroscelidae), which have high dietary and microhabitat overlap. Using wild-caught individuals, intra- andinterspecific dyadic encounters were staged in tanks on a neutral rocky outcrop. Interspecific dyads displayed significantly moreactive avoidance behavior. There was no support for the prediction that the larger, more specialist species, E. myurus, is behaviorallydominant over M. namaquensis. Intraspecific encounters of E. myurus showed significantly more passive avoidance andamicable behavior, whereas the behavior of M. namaquensis did not differ between intra- and inter-specific encounters, both ofwhich were characterized by low levels of aggression and amicability. Thus, due to the lack of aggression, direct competition appearsweak and instead mutual avoidance may reduce or minimize interspecific interactions, potentially promoting coexistence.

关键词： Avoidance Coexistence Elephantulus myurus Intraspecific behavior Interspecific behavior Micaelamys namaquensis

Automated Vehicle Handover Interface Design:Focus Groups with Learner,Intermediate and Advanced Drivers

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Automotive Innovation 2020年第1期3卷 14-29页

作者： Jediah R.Clark neville A.Stanton Kirsten M.A.Revell Human Factors Engineering Team Transportation Research GroupBoldrewood Innovation CampusUniversity of SouthamptonBurgess RoadSouthampton SO167QFUK

Conditionally and highly automated vehicles will require drivers to take control as a result of a non-emergency,such as a geographical,terrain,capability or design *** is anticipated that these events will provide the driver with a sufficient amount of time to prepare themselves for the transition of *** study explores conditionally and highly automated vehicle transitions of control by asking how drivers of differing skill levels(learner,intermediate and advanced)approach the task of designing an interface responsible for making transitions safer,more usable and more *** focus groups generated detailed designs for vehicle-to-driver transitions in an 1-h and a 10-min“out-of-the-loop”scenarios and transitions from driver to *** show great variation in the approaches taken by each skill group(e.g.,the reliance on visual interfaces for awareness assist and viewpoints on issues such as multimodal displays).Customization was a common theme throughout,with drivers desiring the option to adjust alert timings and modalities in which information is *** paper presents these designs along with a detailed comparison of group designs and implements distributed situation awareness theory to discuss findings and draw conclusions.

关键词： Handover Takeover Level 3 automation Interface design Automobile

Usability Assessment of Steering Wheel Control Interfaces in Motorsport

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Automotive Innovation 2020年第1期3卷 42-52页

作者： James W.H.Brown neville A.Stanton Kirsten M.A.Revell University of Southampton SouthamptonUK

In order to assess the usability of steering wheel control interfaces in motorsport,it is necessary to employ a set of appropriate *** method selection process first involves identifying the relevant motorsport-based usability *** unique factors associated with context of use in motorsport are then *** are employed to synthesize a set of key performance indicators(KPIs)that require specific *** first KPI relates to error rates;these should be minimized,particularly under high cognitive load on the *** second KPI involves task times;these should be minimized not just to reduce distraction,but also to improve competitive *** third KPI states that usability should be optimized to minimize visual *** fourth KPI advocates the minimizing of interface task load to reduce the effect on the primary *** final KPI states that interface functionality should be easy to learn and *** KPIs provide clear goals to guide the identification of the most appropriate methods for each aspect of *** categories are devised and sets of appropriate methods selected based on the *** then combine into a toolset with an associated application process with the overall goal of providing a means by which motorsport interfaces may be both analysed and improved.

关键词： Usability Motorsport Steering wheel Analysis Assessment

Gastroesophageal signet ring cell carcinoma morbidity and mortality: A retrospective review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第6期16卷 1629-1636页

作者： Megan Grinlinton Chris Furkert Andrew Maurice neville Angelo Michael Booth Department of General Surgery North Shore HospitalAuckland 0620New Zealand Department of Pathology North Shore HospitalAuckland 0620New Zealand

BACKGROUND Upper gastrointestinal(GI)signet ring cell carcinomas(SRCC)confer a poor *** benefit of operative intervention for this patient group is contro-versial in terms of overall *** To investigate factors relating to survival in patients with upper GI *** A retrospective,tertiary,single-centre review of patients who were diagnosed with oesophageal,gastroesophageal junction and gastric SRCC was *** primary outcome was to compare mortality of patients who underwent operative management with those who had nonoperative ***-dary outcomes included assessing the relationship between demographic and histopathological factors,and *** One hundred and thirty-one patients were *** one-year survival for the operative group was 81%and for the nonoperative group was 19.1%.The five-year survival in the operative group was 28.6%vs 1.5%in the nonoperative *** difference in overall survival between groups was statistically significant(HR 0.19,95%CI(0.13-0.30),P<0.001).There was no difference in survival when ad-justing for age,smoking status or *** multivariate analysis,patients who underwent surgical management,those with a lower stage of disease,and those with a lower Charlson Comorbidity Index(CCI)had significantly improved *** Well-selected patients with upper GI SRCC appear to have reasonable medium-term survival following *** surgery to a carefully selected patient group may improve the outcome for this disease.

关键词： Signet ring cell carcinoma Gastric cancer Oesophageal cancer Poorly cohesive gastric cancer Diffuse gastric cancer

Changes in physical activity,sedentary behavior,and self-reported cognitive function in cancer survivors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic:A cross-sectional study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第6期12卷 653-663页

作者： Linda Trinh Allyson Tabaczynski Denise Bastas Alyssa R.neville M.Lauren Voss Alexis Whitehorn Faculty of Kinesiology&Physical Education University of TorontoTorontoOT M5S 2W6Canada

Background Physical activity(PA)and reductions in sedentary behavior(SED)may mitigate cancer-related cognitive *** purpose of this study was to examine(a)the associations between changes in PA,SED,and cognitive function in cancer survivors before and during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic;and(b)clinical subgroups that moderate this *** A cross-sectional survey was administered online to adult cancer survivors globally between July and November of *** was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey examining changes in self-reported PA and quality of life in cancer survivors before and during the COVID-19 ***-reported Questionnaires assessed moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)using the modified Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire,cognitive function using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function(FACT-Cog)scale,and SED using the Domain-specific Sitting Time *** survivors were classified into no change in behavior,desirable change(i.e.,increase MVPA to meet PA guidelines or decrease SED by≥60 min/day),and undesirable change(i.e.,decrease MVPA to<150 min/week or increase SED by≥60 min/day).Analysis of covariance examined differences in FACT-Cog scores across the activity change *** contrasts compared differences in FACT-Cog scores between cancer survivors with(a)no meaningful change *** change,and(b)a desirable change *** undesirable *** There were no significant differences in FACT-Cog scores across activity-change categories in the full sample of cancer survivors(n=371;age=48.6±15.3 years(mean±SD)).However,cancer survivors who were diagnosed≥5 years ago(t(160)=–2.15,p=0.03)or who received treatment≥5 years ago(t(102)=–2.23,p=0.03)and who had a desirable change in activity reported better perceived cognitive abilities than those who had an undesirable *** PA promotion efforts should consider reducing SED in addition to mainta

关键词： Cancer-related cognitive impairment Cancer survivorship Exercise Sedentary time

Comparison of TRMM and Water District Rain Rates over New Mexico

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第1期23卷 1-13页

作者： Long S. CHIU Zhong LIU Jearanai VONGSAARD Stanley MORAIN Amy BUDGE Paul neville Chandra BALES NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Distributed Active Archive Center Greenbelt Maryland 20771 USA Center for Earth Observing and Space Research School of Computational Sciences George Mason University Fairfax Virginia 22030-4444 USA Earth Data Analysis Center University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA Thai Royal Military Academy Bangkok Thailand

This paper compares monthly and seasonal rain rates derived from the Version 5 （V5） and Version 6 （V6） TRMM Precipitation Radar （TPR, TSDIS reference 2A25）, TRMM Microwave Imager （TMI, 2A12）, TRMM Combined Instrument （TCI, 2B31）, TRMM calibrated IR rain estimates （3B42） and TRMM merged gauge and satellite analysis （3B43） algorithms over New Mexico （NM） with rain gauge analyses provided by the New Mexico water districts （WD）. The average rain rates over the NM region for 1998- 2002 are 0.91 mm d^-1 for WD and 0.75, 1.38, 1.49, 1.27, and 1.07 mm d^-1 for V5 3B43, 3B42, TMI, PR and TCA; and 0.74, 1.38, 0.87 and 0.97 mm d^-1 for V6 3B43, TMI, TPR and TCA, respectively. Comparison of V5 3B43 with WD rain rates and the daily TRMM mission index （TPR and TMI） suggests that the low bias of V5 3B43 for the wet months （summer to early fall） may be due to the non-inclusion of some rain events in the operational gauge analyses that. are used in the production of V5 3B43. Correlation analyses show that the WD rain rates vary in phase, with higher correlation between neighboring WDs. High temporal correlations （〉0.8） exist between WD and the combined algorithms （3B42, 3B43 and TCA for both V5 and V6） while satellite instrument algorithms （PR, TMI and TCI） are correlated best among themselves at the monthly scale. Paired t-tests of the monthly time series show that V5 3B42 and TMI are statistically different from the WD rain rates while no significant difference exists between WD and the other products. The agreements between the TRMM satellite and WD gauge estimates are best for the spring and fall and worst for winter and summer. The reduction in V6 TMI （-7.4%） and TPR （-31%） rain rates （compared to V5） results in better agreement between WD estimates and TMI in winter and TPR during summer.

关键词： satellite precipitation TRMM Water District New Mexico surface rain

Anglo-American Special Relations： Atomic Diplomacy and the Canadian Dimension, 1942-1948

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History Research 2013年第1期3卷 1-12页

作者： neville Sloane Independent Scholar Moncton New Brunswick Canada

In recent years, we have entered a period of increasing impact of world affairs on national politics and international security. Notwithstanding, the present debate on national security and nuclear proliferation, Anglo-American ＂special relations＂ continue to be a subject of vigorous discussion influenced by the impact of new international emergencies as unstable countries acquire nuclear power and refuse ＂to reign＂ in their nuclear programmes （The Globe and Mail, 12 January 2012）. Along these lines the 71st anniversary of the Anglo-American Manhattan Project presents a unique opportunity to reappraise the Anglo-American wartime collaboration （or lack of） in atomic energy developments that resulted in the tragedy of nuclear weapons escalation. The Quebec Agreements of 1943-1944 were crafted to address the controlled flow of scientific information. But did this mean a trend toward more effective collaboration or toward greater American control of the atomic project？ This study explores the subject of nuclear politics from an unique vantage point of Anglo-Canadian and American-Canadian atomic diplomacy. In doing so, it will show that both the American and British atomic policy makers violated the Quebec Agreements. It seeks to demonstrate that （1） in the tangle of competition replacing cooperation, Canada was more important to the American atomic monopolists than the Anglo-AmcTican partnership, （2） the US-Canada Trade and Defence Agreements contributed to United States retaining exclusive control of the ＂absolute weapon＂, and that （3） their post-war nuclear energy agenda delayed Britain＇s atomic venture and isolated Britain from full participation in Arctic research. In practical terms, the emerging atomic policy in Washington boiled down to maintaining the American edge, come what may, and reducing British prestige in the post-war world. The article concludes by raising the question： did the United States, Britain, and Canada really work for atomic control？

关键词： atomic diplomacy Agreements (Hyde Park Ogdensburg and Quebec) Cold War North Atlantic Triangle nuclear proliferation special relations.

Aluminium tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): physiological mechanisms, genetics and screening methods

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2006年第10期7卷 769-787页

作者： WANG Jun-ping RAMAN Harsh ZHANG Guo-ping MENDHAM neville ZHOU Mei-xue Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research University of Tasmania P.O. Box 46 Kings Meadows TAS 7249 Australia Department of Primary Industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute PMB Wagga Wagga NSW 2650 Australia Department of Agronomy Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

Aluminium (Al) toxicity is one of the major limiting factors for barley production on acid soils. It inhibits root cell division and elongation, thus reducing water and nutrient uptake, consequently resulting in poor plant growth and yield. Plants tolerate Al either through external resistance mechanisms, by which Al is excluded from plant tissues or internal tolerance mechanisms, conferring the ability of plants to tolerate Al ion in the plant symplasm where Al that has permeated the plas- malemma is sequestered or converted into an innocuous form. Barley is considered to be most sensitive to Al toxicity among cereal species. Al tolerance in barley has been assessed by several methods, such as nutrient solution culture, soil bioassay and field screening. Genetic and molecular mapping research has shown that Al tolerance in barley is controlled by a single locus which is located on chromosome 4H. Molecular markers linked with Al tolerance loci have been identified and validated in a range of diverse populations. This paper reviews the (1) screening methods for evaluating Al tolerance, (2) genetics and (3) mechanisms underlying Al tolerance in barley.

关键词： Barley Al toxicity A1 tolerance