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Neuroimmunomodulation by gut bacteria:Focus on inflammatory bowel diseases

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2021年第3期12卷 25-39页

作者： Surbhi aggarwal Raju Ranjha Jaishree Paul Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Indian Institute of TechnologyDelhi 110016India School of Life Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityDelhi 110067India Field Unit Raipur ICMR-National Institute of Malaria ResearchRaipur 492015ChhattisgarhIndia

Microbes colonize the gastrointestinal tract are considered as highest complex ecosystem because of having diverse bacterial species and 150 times more genes as compared to the human *** or dysbiosis in gut bacteria can cause dysregulation in gut homeostasis that subsequently activates the immune system,which leads to the development of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Neuromediators,including both neurotransmitters and neuropeptides,may contribute to the development of aberrant immune *** are emerging as a regulator of inflammatory processes and play a key role in various autoimmune and inflammatory *** may influence immune cell’s function via the receptors present on these *** cytokines secreted by the immune cells,in turn,regulate the neuronal functions by binding with their receptors present on sensory *** bidirectional communication of the enteric nervous system and the enteric immune system is involved in regulating the magnitude of inflammatory *** in gut bacteria influence the level of neuromediators in the colon,which may affect the gastrointestinal inflammation in a disease *** neuromediators concentration via dysbiosis in gut microbiota is one of the novel approaches to understand the pathogenesis of *** this article,we reviewed the existing knowledge on the role of neuromediators governing the pathogenesis of IBD,focusing on the reciprocal relationship among the gut microbiota,neuromediators,and host *** the neuromediators and host-microbiota interactions would give a better insight in to the disease pathophysiology and help in developing the new therapeutic approaches for the disease.

关键词： Inflammation Gut microbiota Inflammatory bowel disease Enteric nervous system Neuroimmunomodulation Neuromediator

Newer perspectives of coronary artery disease in young

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World Journal of Cardiology 2016年第12期8卷 728-734页

作者： Amitesh aggarwal Saurabh Srivastava M Velmurugan Department of Medicine University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital Department of Medicine School of Medical Sciences and ResearchSharda University

Coronary artery disease(CAD) occurring in less than 45 years of age is termed as young *** studies show a prevalence of 1.2% of CAD cases in this age *** wise south Asians especially Indians are more vulnerable to have CAD in young age group with a prevalence of 5% to 10%.Conventional risk factors such as smoking,diabetes,hypertension,obesity and family history seems to be as important as in older CAD *** the prevalence of these risk factors seems to vary in younger *** far the most commonly associated risk factor is smoking in young *** genes associated with lipoprotein metabolism are now found to be associated with young CAD like cholesterol ester transfer protein(CETP) gene,hepatic lipase gene,lipoprotein lipase gene,apo A1 gene,apo E gene and apo *** such as lipoprotein(a),fibrinogen,D-dimer,serum Wnt,gamma glutamyl transferase,vitamin D2 and osteocalcin are seems to be associated with premature CAD in some newer *** general CAD in young has better prognosis than older *** terms of prognosis two risk factors obesity and current smoking are associated with poorer *** studies shows predominance of single vessel disease in young CAD *** CAD in older person primary and secondary prevention plays an important role in prevention of new and further coronary events.

关键词： Young Coronary artery disease Risk factors Epidemiological trends Prognosis

Periodic Orbits in the Photogravitational Restricted Problem When the Primaries Are Triaxial Rigid Bodies

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第1期6卷 111-121页

作者： Preeti Jain Rajiv aggarwal Amit Mittal Abdullah Department of Mathematics A.R.S.D. College University of Delhi New Delhi India Department of Mathematics Sri Aurobindo College University of Delhi New Delhi India Department of Mathematics College of Science in Zulfi Majmaah University Riyadh KSA

We have studied periodic orbits generated by Lagrangian solutions of the restricted three-body problem when both the primaries are triaxial rigid bodies and source of radiation pressure. We have determined periodic orbits for different values of (h is energy constant;μ is mass ratio of the two primaries;are parameters of triaxial rigid bodies and are radiation parameters). These orbits have been determined by giving displacements along the tangent and normal at the mobile co-ordinates as defined in our papers (Mittal et al. [1]-[3]). These orbits have been drawn by using the predictor-corrector method. We have also studied the effect of triaxial bodies and source of radiation pressure on the periodic orbits by taking fixed value of μ.

关键词： Restricted Three-Body Problem Periodic Orbits Triaxial Rigid Body Radiation Pressure

Utility of trans-vaginal ultrasound in diagnosis and follow-up of non-pregnant sexually active females with lower ureteric calculi

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Asian Journal of Urology 2020年第1期7卷 45-50页

作者： Siddharth Pandey Tanica Pandey Apul Goel Ajay aggarwal Deepanshu Sharma Tushar Pandey Satya sankhwar Gaurav Garg Department of Urology King George’s Medical UniversityLucknowIndia Department of Radiology Raghav Pathlabs and ImagingHaldwaniIndia Department of Pathology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia

objective:To assess the utility of trans-vaginal ultrasonography in evaluation of non-pregnant sexually active female patients with lower ureteric ***:A prospective study was done from January 2015 to December 2017 including non-pregnant sexually active females with suspected ureteric ***-abdominal ultrasound was initially done in all *** those patients in whom trans-abdominal ultrasound was inconclusive or there was indirect evidence of lower ureteric calculus in form of ureteral dila-tion but no calculus was evident,trans-vaginal ultrasound was *** patients with ureteric calculi detected on trans-vaginal ultrasound and kept on conservative management were also followed up with trans-vaginal ***-contrast computed tomography was done in patients with inconclusive trans-vaginal ***:As per the study protocol,156 out of the total 468 patients evaluated by trans-abdominal ultrasound were eligible for trans-vaginal ***-vaginal ultrasound was done in 149 patients,as seven patients did not give ***-nine patients were detected with a lower ureteric calculus on trans-vaginal ultrasound and 27 patients had gyne-cologic or other cause for their ***-three patients had an inconclusive trans-vaginal ultrasound of which 36 underwent non-contrast computed tomography,among them only one patient had a lower ureteric *** free status could be easily demonstrated on follow-up trans-vaginal ultrasound.

关键词： Trans-abdominal ultrasound Trans-vaginal ultrasound Lower ureteric calculus Ureteric colic Ureter

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英国国家基金电力能源领域重大研究计划

电力系统自动化 2007年第4期31卷 1-6页

作者：薛峰王海风 Raj aggarwal Bath大学电子电气工程系

介绍由英国国家工程和自然科学研究委员会(EPSRC)等5个英国国家基金委员会联合设置的电力能源领域的重大研究计划——电力能源可持续生产和供给(SUPERGEN)计划,包括SUPERGEN计划的研究目的、研究方向、组织方式、资金投入等,以及2003年... 详细信息

介绍由英国国家工程和自然科学研究委员会(EPSRC)等5个英国国家基金委员会联合设置的电力能源领域的重大研究计划——电力能源可持续生产和供给(SUPERGEN)计划,包括SUPERGEN计划的研究目的、研究方向、组织方式、资金投入等,以及2003年至今该计划所涵盖的10个研究课题的具体情况和未来的研究领域。

关键词：电力能源的可持续生产和供给研究计划英国国家工程和自然科学研究委员会

Simple diagnostic algorithm identifying at-risk nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients needing specialty referral within the United States

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第8期14卷 1598-1607页

作者： Naim Alkhouri Pankaj aggarwal Phuc Le Julia Payne Celine Sakkal Prido Polanco Stephen Harrison Mazen Noureddin Department of Hepatology Arizona Liver HealthChandlerAZ 85712United States Center for Value-Based Care Research Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Research Pinnacle ResearchSan AntonioTX 78229United States Department of Hepatology Cedars Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States

BACKGROUND There is an urgent need to risk stratify patients with suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and identify those with fibrotic nonalcoholic *** study aims to apply a simple diagnostic algorithm to identify subjects with at-risk NAFLD in the general *** To apply a simple diagnostic algorithm to identify subjects with at-risk NAFLD in the general *** Adult subjects were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database(2017-2018)if they had elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and excluded if they had evidence of viral hepatitis or significant alcohol consumption.A fibrosis-4(FIB4)cutoff of 1.3 differentiated patients with low risk vs high risk *** patients had FIB4>1.3,a FAST score0.35 were referred to a *** same algorithm was applied to subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).RESULTS Three thousand six hundred and sixty-nine patients were identified who met all inclusion and exclusion *** this cohort,911(28.6%)patients had elevated ALT of which 236(22.9%)patients had elevated FIB4 scores≥*** patients with elevated FIB4 score,75(24.4%)had elevated FAST scores,ruling in advanced *** accounts for 2.0%of the overall study *** this algorithm to 737 patients with T2DM,213(35.4%)patients had elevated ALT,85(37.9%)had elevated FIB4,and 42(46.1%)had elevated FAST *** accounts for 5.7%of the population with *** The application of this algorithm to identify at-risk NAFLD patients in need for specialty care is feasible and demonstrates that the vast majority of patients do not need subspecialty referral for NAFLD.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology Diabetes Endocrinology Primary care

Herbal and dietary supplement induced liver injury:Highlights from the recent literature

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第9期13卷 1019-1041页

作者： Stephanie M Woo William D Davis Soorya aggarwal Joseph W Clinton Sara Kiparizoska James H Lewis Department of Internal Medicine MedStar Georgetown University HospitalWashingtonDC 20007United States Department of Gastroenterology MedStar Georgetown University HospitalWashingtonDC 20007United States

Herbal-induced liver injury(HILI)is an important and increasingly concerning cause of liver toxicity,and this study presents recent updates to the *** extensive literature review was conducted encompassing September 2019 through March *** with clinically significant findings were analyzed and included in this *** emphasized those studies that provided a causality assessment methodology,such as Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method *** review includes reports of individual herbals,including Garcinia cambogia,green tea extract,kratom as well as classes such as performance enhancing supplements,Traditional Chinese medicine,Ayurvedic medicine and herbal *** described herbals include ashwagandha,boldo,skyfruit,and‘Thermo gun’.Several studies discussing data from national registries,including the United States Drug-Induced Liver Injury(DILI)Network,Spanish DILI Registry,and Latin American DILI Network were *** has also been a continued interest in hepatoprotection,with promising use of herbals to counter hepatotoxicity from anti-tubercular *** also elucidated the current legal conversation surrounding use of herbals by presenting updates from the Federal Drug *** highlights of the literature over the past year indicate interest in HILI that will continue as the supplement industry in the United States grows.

关键词： Herbal-induced liver injury Dietary supplement-induced liver injury Druginduced liver injury Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method Hepatotoxicity Liver toxicity

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新型换流变压器差动保护原理

电力系统自动化 2011年第4期35卷 46-50页

作者：张杰罗隆福 R.K.aggarwal 刘光晔许加柱宁志毫湖南大学电气与信息工程学院湖南省长沙市410082 巴斯大学电子与电气工程系

要实现新型换流变压器的产业化,制定与新型换流变压器配套的保护方案是重要的前提之一。文中对新型换流变压器的差动保护原理进行了研究。在分析新型换流变压器绕组特殊接线方案和三绕组之间特定匝数比关系的基础上,得出了相应的新型换... 详细信息

要实现新型换流变压器的产业化,制定与新型换流变压器配套的保护方案是重要的前提之一。文中对新型换流变压器的差动保护原理进行了研究。在分析新型换流变压器绕组特殊接线方案和三绕组之间特定匝数比关系的基础上,得出了相应的新型换流变压器两侧电流的变换关系,并据此提出2种差动保护接线方案。针对新型换流变压器正常运行和内外部故障等各种状况,分析和比较了新型换流变压器2种差动保护接线方案的动作特性,从而得出了按一次侧相电流之差构成的差动保护接线方案优于按一次侧相电流构成的差动保护接线方案的结论。文中的研究成果为实际工程中新型换流变压器差动保护接线提供了理论依据。

关键词：直流输电新型换流变压器差动保护动作特性接线方案

Recent advances in imaging techniques of renal masses

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World Journal of Radiology 2022年第6期14卷 137-150页

作者： Ankita aggarwal Chandan J Das Sanjay Sharma Department of Radiology Vardhman Mahavir Medical College&Safdarjung HospitalDelhi 110029India Chandan Department of Radiodiagnosis and Interventional Radiology All India Institute of Medical SciencesDelhi 110029India Department of Radiology(RPC) All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029India

Multiphasic multidetector computed tomography(CT)forms the mainstay for the characterization of renal masses whereas magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)acts as a problem-solving tool in some ***,a few of the renal masses remain indeterminate even after evaluation by conventional imaging *** overcome the deficiency in current imaging techniques,advanced imaging methods have been devised and are being *** review will cover the role of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography,shear wave elastography,dual-energy CT,perfusion CT,MR perfusion,diffusion-weighted MRI,blood oxygen leveldependent MRI,MR spectroscopy,positron emission tomography(PET)/prostate-specific membrane antigen-PET in the characterization of renal masses.

关键词： Advanced imaging techniques Renal mass Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography renal Shear wave elastography