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Evaluation of Transverse Markings as a Speed Transition Zone Countermeasures in Small, Rural Communities

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2021年第1期11卷 61-77页

作者： Shauna Hallmark neal Hawkins Skylar Knickerbocker Institute for Transportation at Iowa State University Ames USA

Small rural communities located along major state or county roadways typically find most of the traffic along their main thoroughfares is pass-through rather than local traffic. Unfortunately, drivers passing through these communities often enter at high rates of speeds, which are often significantly higher than the speed limit of the local segment. Speed management in rural areas requires different considerations compared to urban areas and, within the US, rural speed management is not as advanced with little experience or guidance for agencies to draw on. This paper summarizes the results of a study that evaluated, in part, several different types of transverse pavement markings within the speed transition zones in small rural communities. Three different countermeasures were evaluated: converging chevrons, transverse lane markings, and optical speed bars.

关键词： Community Entrance Converging Chevrons Optical Speed Bars Pedestrian Safety Speed Transitions Traffic Calming Traffic Safety Speed Management

人增生性前列腺间质细胞体外培养及对性激素的反应性

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中华泌尿外科杂志 1998年第10期19卷 616-618页

作者：白志明 COLLINS AT neal DE 海口市人民医院泌尿外科英国纽卡斯尔大学医学院泌尿外科

为了了解前列腺间质细胞对性激素的反应性，用体外细胞培养技术分离培养人增生性前列腺间质细胞，观察了细胞纯度和由性激素诱导的细胞增殖反应。结果显示：间质细胞纯度９７０％，上皮细胞未构成污染；随传代数增加，细胞对性激素的... 详细信息

为了了解前列腺间质细胞对性激素的反应性，用体外细胞培养技术分离培养人增生性前列腺间质细胞，观察了细胞纯度和由性激素诱导的细胞增殖反应。结果显示：间质细胞纯度９７０％，上皮细胞未构成污染；随传代数增加，细胞对性激素的反应性逐渐消失；较之对照组（１００％），雄激素（１７３％±１５％）及雌激素（１６４％±１０％）分别导致了特异性细胞增殖反应（Ｐ＜００５）。体外条件下雄、雌激素联合对间质细胞无协同作用，但使细胞增殖的激素浓度却仅为单纯雄或雌激素组的１％。人增生性前列腺间质细胞体外培养中，雄、雌激素各自对间质细胞的增殖发挥了其生物学作用。体外条件下二者合用敏化了细胞对性激素的反应性，从而导致了间质细胞的增殖，提示了ＢＰＨ发生发展中性激素作用的可能途径。

关键词：前列腺增生症细胞培养间质细胞性激素

功能负载原理是否预测了音位对比对ELF使用者的语音清晰度的重要性?--从ELF的角度对Munro and Derwing(2006)的部分复制研究

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Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics 2023年第1期46卷 3-18,150页

作者：乔治·奥尼尔兰斯·莱瑟姆新泻大学日本

功能负载(FL)原则预测高FL音位对比,例如/i:/和/?/,比低FL音位对比,例如/u:/和/?/,对发音的相互可懂度的影响更大。为了评估FL原则是否能准确预测英语作为通用语言(ELF)条件下的清晰度,本研究部分复制了由Munro和Derwing(2006)所做的第... 详细信息

功能负载(FL)原则预测高FL音位对比,例如/i:/和/?/,比低FL音位对比,例如/u:/和/?/,对发音的相互可懂度的影响更大。为了评估FL原则是否能准确预测英语作为通用语言(ELF)条件下的清晰度,本研究部分复制了由Munro和Derwing(2006)所做的第一项实证支持FL原则的研究。中国人录制了24个包含目标词的高低FL音素替换的英语句子,171名日本大学生听了这些句子并将目标词转写成书面英语。本研究的假设是,具有高FL音素替换的目标词比具有低FL音素替换的目标词更难理解。结果表明,具有高FL音素替换的目标词的清晰度确实低于具有低FL音素替换的目标词,而且多个高FL音素替换的叠加更加降低清晰度。本研究结果与Munro and Derwing (2006)的发现一致,即高FL音素替换比低FL音素替换更能降低清晰度,因此这项研究宣称在ELF条件下成功复制了该研究的一个方面。

关键词：功能负荷清晰度英语作为通用语言发音音位对比音素音段

Fabrication and multiscale characterization of 3D silver containing bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds

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Bioactive Materials 2019年第1期4卷 215-223页

作者： Adam C.Marsh Nathan P.Mellott Natalia Pajares-Chamorro Martin Crimp Anthony Wren neal D.Hammer Xanthippi Chatzistavrou Department of Chemical Engineering&Materials Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA Alfred University Kazuo Inamori School of EngineeringAlfredNYUSA Department of Microbiology&Molecular Genetics Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA

In this work,we fabricated and characterized bioactive 3D glass-ceramic scaffolds with inherent antibacterial *** sol-gel(solution-gelation)technique and the sacrificial template method were applied for the fabrication of 3D highly porous scaffolds in the 58.6SiO2-24.9CaO-7.2P2O5-4.2Al2O3–1.5Na2O−1.5K2O–2.1Ag2O system(Ag-BG).This system is known for its advanced bioactive and antibacterial *** fabrication of 3D scaffolds has potential applications that impact tissue *** study of the developed scaffolds from macro-characteristics to nano-,revealed a strong correlation between the macroscale properties such as antibacterial action,bioactivity with the microstructural characteristics such as elemental analysis,*** homogeneity,morphological,and microstructural characteristics of the scaffolds were studied by scanning electron microscopy associated with energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS),transmittance electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and UV-visible spectroscopy *** compressive strength of the 3D scaffolds was measured within the range of values for glass-ceramic scaffolds with similar compositions,porosity,and pore *** capability of the scaffolds to form an apatite-like phase was tested by immersing the scaffolds in simulated body fluid(SBF)and the antibacterial response against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)was *** formation of an apatite phase was observed after two weeks of immersion in SBF and the anti-MRSA effect occurs after both direct and indirect exposure.

关键词： 3D glass-ceramic scaffolds Nano and macro structural properties Bioactivity Antibacterial properties Silver

Genomic Stability of Palmer amaranth Plants Derived by Macro-Vegetative Propagation

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第21期5卷 3302-3310页

作者： neal Dwaine Teaster Robert Edward Hoagland US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Crop Production Systems Research Unit Stoneville USA

qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were utilized to investigate genetic stability of Palmer amaranth cloned plants over 10 generations. DNA from original parent Palmer amaranth plants (grown from seeds) was re-analyzed using qPCR, and confidence levels for determining ΔΔCt (threshold crossing) values were established. ANOVA was used to determine variation (margin of error) of these ΔΔCt values. This margin of error was applied to qPCR analysis of DNA from eight individual parent plants and their descendants (10th generation) so that possible differences in EPSPS (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) gene copy number could be ascertained. This method (and the associated error) indicated a lack of agreement in ΔΔCt values of DNA from plants of these two generations. qPCR analysis showed that in five out of eight clones, EPSPS gene copy number varied more than the calculated error (P = 0.05). A second technique to monitor genetic stability, RAPD was used to determine possible changes in genomic DNA due to extended cloning of these regenerated plants. RAPD analysis showed that four out of the eight clones differed when the profiles of the two generations were compared. Results show that qPCR and RAPD analysis point to the fact that several Palmer amaranth clones experienced changes in genome structure over 10 generations. Although the glyphosate resistance trait was retained, results suggest that during cloning studies, the genetic stability of macro-vegetatively propagated lines should be monitored.

关键词： Amaranthus palmeri EPSPS Gene Copy Number Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds Palmer amaranth Pigweed qPCR RAPD

国际分工与美中贸易逆差：以iPhone为例

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金融研究 2011年第3期 198-206页

作者：邢予青 neal Detert 亚洲开发银行研究院日本政策研究大学院大学

本文以iPhone为例,来阐明即使那些由美国公司发明的高科技产品,也可能不会增加美国出口,反而会扩大美国贸易逆差。2009年中美iPhone贸易逆差约为19亿美元。空前的全球化、组织良好的全球生产网络、迅速发展的国际分工以及廉价的运输成本... 详细信息

本文以iPhone为例,来阐明即使那些由美国公司发明的高科技产品,也可能不会增加美国出口,反而会扩大美国贸易逆差。2009年中美iPhone贸易逆差约为19亿美元。空前的全球化、组织良好的全球生产网络、迅速发展的国际分工以及廉价的运输成本,都可能影响跨国公司如Apple公司的经营决策,而这些经营决策可能直接恶化美国的贸易逆差。全球生产网络与高度专业化的生产过程,明显改变了贸易形态:像中国这样的发展中国家现在出口iPhone这样的高科技产品,而像美国这样的工业化国家则进口原本由自己发明的高科技产品。此外,传统贸易统计方法无法识别制造业产品价值的跨国分配,极度夸大了被跨国公司作为出口平台的国家与目标市场国家之间的双边贸易失衡。

关键词： iPhone 国际生产链中美贸易失衡

Genetic association and epistatic interaction of the interleukin-10 signaling pathway in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第27期23卷 4897-4909页

作者： Zhenwu Lin Zhong Wang John P Hegarty Tony R Lin Yunhua Wang Sue Deiling Rongling Wu neal J Thomas Joanna Floros CHILD Research Department of Pediatricsthe Pennsylvania State UniversityCollege of Medicine Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Division of Biostatistics Department of Public Health Sciencethe Pennsylvania State UniversityCollege of Medicine Department of Surgery the Pennsylvania State UniversityCollege of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology the Pennsylvania State UniversityCollege of Medicine

AIM To study the genetic association and epistatic interaction of the interleukin(IL)-10 and IL-10/STAT3 pathways in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). METHODS A total of 159 pediatric inflammatory IBD patients(Crohn's disease,n = 136; ulcerative colitis,n = 23) and 129 matched controls were studied for genetic association of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of the IL-10 gene and the genes IL10 RA,IL10 RB,STAT3,and HO1,from the IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway. As interactions between SNPs from different loci may significantly affect the associated risk for disease,additive(a) and dominant(d) modeling of SNP interactions was also performed to examine highorder epistasis between combinations of the individual SNPs. RESULTS The results showed that IL-10 rs304496 was associated with pediatric IBD(P = 0.022),but no association was found for two other IL-10 SNPs,rs1800872 and rs2034498,or for SNPs in genes IL10 RA,IL10 RB,STAT3,and HO1. However,analysis of epistatic interaction among these genes showed significant interactions:(1) between two IL-10 SNPs rs1800872 and rs3024496(additive-additive P = 0.00015,Bonferroni P value(Bp) = 0.003);(2) between IL-10 RB rs2834167 and HO1 rs2071746(dominant-additive,P = 0.0018,Bp = 0.039); and(3) among IL-10 rs1800872,IL10 RB rs2834167,and HO1 rs2071746(additivedominant-additive,P = 0.00015,Bp = 0.005),as well as weak interactions among IL-10 rs1800872,IL-10 rs3024496,and IL-10RA(additive-additive-additive,P = 0.003; Bp = 0.099),and among IL10 RA,IL10 RB,and HO1 genes(additive-dominant-additive,P = 0.008,Bp = 0.287).CONCLUSION These results indicate that both the IL-10 gene itself,and through epistatic interaction with genes within the IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway,contribute to the risk of pediatric IBD.

关键词：小儿科的煽动性的肠疾病 Interleukin-10 HO1 挑选核苷酸多型性 IL10-STAT3 小径 Epistatic 相互作用

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Saturn's Rings

语数外学习(初中版) 2023年第6期 1-1页

作者： neal Levin

They’ve just discovered Saturn’s rings are made from ordinary things that vanished or that got misplaced and floated out to Outer *** just little bits of *** rings are made of missing socks,lunch money, remote controls,contact lenses, doughnut holes,grown-ups’long-lost baby teeth,last December’s Christmas wreath,Daddy’s keys and Grandma’s hair,my last clean piece of underwear,

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函数式编程思维