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Brain Tumor Segmentation in Multimodal MRI Using U-Net Layered Structure

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 5267-5281页

作者： Muhammad Javaid Iqbal Muhammad Waseem Iqbal Muhammad Anwar Muhammad Murad Khan Abd Jabar Nazimi Mohammad nazir ahmad Department of Information Technology The Superior UniversityLahorePakistan Department of Software Engineering The Superior UniversityLahorePakistan Department of Information Sciences Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of EducationLahorePakistan Department of Computer Science Government College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan Deptment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of DentistryUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia Institute of IR4.0 Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangiSelangorMalaysia

The brain tumour is the mass where some tissues become old or damaged,but they do not die or not leave their *** brain tumour masses occur due to malignant *** tissues must die so that new tissues are allowed to be born and take their *** segmentation is a complex and time-taking problem due to the tumour’s size,shape,and appearance *** finding such masses in the brain by analyzing Magnetic Resonance Images(MRI)is a crucial task for experts and *** could not work for large volume images simultaneously,and many errors occurred due to overwhelming image *** main objective of this research study is the segmentation of tumors in brain MRI images with the help of digital image processing and deep learning *** research study proposed an automatic model for tumor segmentation in MRI *** proposed model has a few significant steps,which first apply the pre-processing method for the whole dataset to convert Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative(NIFTI)volumes into the 3D NumPy *** the second step,the proposed model adopts U-Net deep learning segmentation algorithm with an improved layered structure and sets the updated *** the third step,the proposed model uses state-of-the-art Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention(MICCAI)BRATS 2018 dataset withMRI modalities such as T1,T1Gd,T2,and Fluidattenuated inversion recovery(FLAIR).Tumour types in MRI images are classified according to the tumour *** of these masses carried by state-of-the-art approaches such that the first is enhancing tumour(label 4),edema(label 2),necrotic and non-enhancing tumour core(label 1),and the remaining region is label 0 such that edema(whole tumour),necrosis and *** proposed model is evaluated and gets the Dice Coefficient(DSC)value for High-grade glioma(HGG)volumes for their test set-a,test set-b,and test set-c 0.9795, 0.9855 and 0.9793, respectively.

关键词： Brain tumour segmentation magnetic resonance images modalities dice coefficient low-grade glioma U-Net

Morphometric Analysis of Foramen Magnum in the Determination of Sex Using Computed Tomography

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2021年第1期7卷 9-13页

作者： Bashir ahmad Wani Nusrat nazir Rayees ahmad Sheikh Altai Hussain Chalkoo Tauseefa Jan Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Government Dental CollegeSrinagarJammu and KashmirIndia

Background:sex identification by morphological assessment of various bones of the skeleton had been one of the oldest approaches in forensic anthropology and medico-legal *** and Objective:The aim of this study was to make the morphometric measurements of the foramen magnum in determining the feasibility of sex determination using computed tomography(CT).Materials and Methods:The data for our study was obtained from 100 patients having CT scan of the head and neck region(Siemens Somatom 256 slice CT scanner)with 1mm contiguous axial scans using bone window settings(2000 HU with 400 HU in centre),scan time of one second and exposure parameters 140 kVp and *** different measurements taken include the antero-posterior(AP)diameter,transverse diameter and area of the foramen ***:There were 50 males and 50 females with the age range of 18 to 75 *** have a higher average value than females in all of the parameters measured on foramen *** using Studenfs T-test,all the measured parameters showed significant difference between the sexes(p<0.01).Conclusion:The expression of sexual dimorphism in the foramen magnum region shows significant difference between the sexes,therefore this area of the skull should be considered a useful area in the identification of sex.

关键词： Computed tomography foramen magnum sex determination sexual dimorphism

Analysis of biomarkers for the cross-linkage of formaldehyde with bovine serum albumin peptides

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第21期53卷 3287-3293页

作者： ahmad Waqar DENG YuLin LI Bo LI LiLi AHAMD Manzoor IQBAL zafar PARVEEN Zahida School of Life Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry University of Karachi Karachi-75270 Pakistan Department of Pharmacy University of Peshawar Peshawar-25000 Pakistan

Formaldehyde,a well-known environmental toxic hazard,has been found to produce endogenously via semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase-catalyzed oxidative deamination of *** diabetes,the activity of SSAO has been found to increase with a subsequent increase in endogenous formalde-hyde *** has been postulated that SSAO-induced production of formaldehyde may be in-volved in the alteration of protein structure,which may subsequently cause protein deposition associ-ated with chronic pathological *** has also been found to react(cross-link) with amino group of the N-terminal amino acid residue and with the side-chains of arginine,cysteine,his-tidine and lysine ***,formaldehyde may be responsible,at least in part,for protein cross-linkage,oxidative stress and *** cross-linking of formaldehyde with bovine serum albumin was studied using LC-MS and Mascot *** peptides sequence for control BSA(un-treated) digested with trypsin was matched in the online database search query by exporting the MS/MS data to online MASCOT *** this way,a total of twenty-seven peptides were matched in the database search *** twenty-seven peptides were then searched manually in all of the tryptic BSA samples treated with different concentrations of FA that were incubated in different time *** formaldehyde-treated BSA peptides(FKDLGEEHFK,HLVDEPQNLIK,KVPQVSTPTLVEVSR,RPCFSALTPDETYVPK,LVNELTEFAK,DAFLGSFLYEYSR) were found to be the possible markers for formaldehyde-protein/peptides adducts.

关键词：甲醛牛血清白蛋白时标生物标志物

Non-occupational lead exposure and hypertension in Pakistani adults

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2006年第9期7卷 732-737页

作者： RAHMAN Sohaila KHALID Nasir ZAIDI Jamshed Hussain ahmad Shujaat IQBAL Mohammad zafar Nuclear Chemistry Division Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology P. O. Nilore Islamabad 45650 Pakistan Dean Faculty of Biosciences University of Health Sciences Lahore 54590 Pakistan

Hypertension is one of the most prevalent diseases in the developed and developing countries. Based on the long historical association and the provocative findings of blood pressure effects at low level of lead exposure a study was carried out to determine if an association existed between low blood lead concentration and hypertension. In this study the effects of low-level exposure to lead on blood pressure were examined among 244 adults using atomic absorption spectrometer. For quality assurance purpose certified reference materials i.e., Animal blood A-13, Bovine liver 1577 and cotton cellulose V-9 from IAEA （International Atomic Energy Agency） and NIST （National Institute of Standard Technology） were analyzed under identical experimental conditions. The mean age of hypertensive adults was 52 years （range 43-66）. The mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were （209±11.7）（range 170-250） and （117±3.9）（range 105-140） mmHg respectively. Blood lead concentration ranged from 78-201 μg/L with a mean of 139 μg/L and 165-497 μg/L with a mean of 255 μg/k in normal and hypertensive adults respectively. Increase in systolic blood pressure was significantly predictive with increase in blood lead levels. Body mass index （BMI） and lipid profile including total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride correlated with blood pressure.

关键词： Hypertension Lead exposure Biochemical parameters Body mass index

Production and characterization of organic manure from liquorice residues

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2020年第2期7卷 233-241页

作者： Raghad S.Mouhamad Zainab J.Mohammed ahmad A.Abdulhadi Mazhar Abbas Munawar Iqbal Arif nazir Soil and Water Resources Center Ministry of Sciences&TechnologyBaghdadIraq Section of Biochemistry Department of Basic SciencesCollege of Veterinary and Animal Sciences(CVAS)JhangUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences(UVAS)LahorePakistan Department of Chemistry The University of LahoreLahorePakistan

In present investigation,organic manure was produced and characterized from liquorice residues using activated Effective Microoganism(AEM).The liquorice waste residues were fermented for the period of 6 months in the presence of activated AEM at the rate of 2.5%and 5%of total fermented ***(62.5 g)was used per 10 kg of liquorice and moister was maintained at 55–60%during *** AEM manure production efficiency was evaluated on the basis of pH,C/N ratio,electrical conductivity(EC)and mineral *** final pH of organic manure was 6.2,C/N ratio reduced from 13.5 to 6.5,EC and the mineral contents were increased of composted *** revealed that the AEM are effective to produce organic manure from agricultural waste matter since the organic manure physico-chemical properties were within the permissible limit and AEM could be used for the production of compost ***,this technique can also be extended to other agricultural waste materials for the production of organic manure.

关键词： Liquorice Organic manure Fermentation Physico-chemical

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ce-doped ZnO nanopowders synthesized by combustion method

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Journal of Rare Earths 2015年第3期33卷 255-262页

作者： M.ahmad E.Ahmed Fezza zafar N.R.Khalid N.A.Niaz Abdul Hafeez M.Ikram M.Ajmal Khan 洪樟连 Department of Physics Bahauddin Zakariya University State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials Department of Materials Science & Engineering Zhejiang University Science and Technology Division University of Education

Facile and fast combustion method was used to synthesize Zn O and Ce-doped Zn O（CZO） nanocrystalline powders photocatalysts with different cerium concentrations（0.5 wt.%–10.0 wt.%） followed by calcination at 700 oC for 3 h. The prepared samples were characterized by a variety of characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） combined with energy dispersive X-ray diffraction（EDX）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, UV-visible spectroscopy, BET surface area analyser and photoluminescence spectroscopy（PL）, to study the crystal structure, surface morphology, chemical composition and optical properties. It was observed from XRD results that synthesized powders had hexagonal wurtzite structure with the smallest crystallite size about 13 nm. Absorption spectra showed that cerium doping enhanced the light absorption properties towards the visible light region. Photoluminescence spectra for Ce-doped Zn O samples exhibited relatively weak near band edge（NBE） emission peaks as compared to that of pristine Zn O. The photocatalytic activities of the prepared samples were evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B（Rh B） under UV light and visible light（λ≥420 nm） irradiation. The textile mill effluent containing organic matters was also treated under sunlight using photocatalysis and the reduction in the chemical oxygen demand（COD） of the treated effluent revealed a complete destruction of the organic molecules along with colour removal. The results showed that the CZO photocatalyst doped with 3.0 wt.% cerium exhibited four times enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to pure Zn O. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be attributed to extended visible light absorption and inhibition of the electron-hole pair＇s recombination.

关键词： ZnO cerium combustion photocatalyst Rhodamine B rare earths

Advances and challenges of methanol-tolerant oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts for the direct methanol fuel cell

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第2期77卷 499-513,I0013页

作者： Muhammad Aizaz Ud Din Muhammad Idrees Sidra Jamil Syed Irfan Ghazanfar nazir Muhammad ahmad Mudassir Muhammad Shahrukh Saleem Saima Batool Nanpu Cheng Rahman Saidur School of Materials and Energy Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Additive Manufacturing Institute College of Mechatronics and Control EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060GuangdongChina Chongqing Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Clean Energies of Technologies School of Materials and EnergySouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China School of Materials Science and Engineering Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808GuangdongChina Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information TechnologyRahim Yar Khan 64200Pakistan Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics EmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology8600 DübendorfSwitzerland Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060GuangdongChina Research Centre for Nano-Materials and Energy Technology School of Engineering and TechnologySunway UniversityBandar SunwayMalaysia Department of Engineering Lancaster UniversityLancasterUnited Kingdom

Methanol cross-over effects from the anode to the cathode are important parameters for reducing catalytic performance in direct methanol fuel cells.A promising candidate catalyst for the cathode in direct methanol fuel cells must have excellent activity toward oxygen reduction reaction and resistance to methanol oxidation *** review focuses on the methanol tolerant noble metal-based electrocatalysts,including platinum and palladium-based alloys,noble metal–carbon based composites,transition metal-based catalysts,carbon-based metal catalysts,and metal-free *** understanding of the correlation between the activity and the synthesis method,electrolyte environment and stability issues are *** the transition metal-based catalyst,their activity,stability and methanol tolerance in direct methanol fuel cells and comparisons with those of platinum are particularly ***,strategies to enhance the methanol tolerance and hinder the generation of mixed potential in direct methanol fuel cells are also *** review provides a perspective for future developments for the scientist in selecting suitable methanol tolerate catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction and designing high-performance practical direct methanol fuel cells.

关键词： Oxygen reducing reaction Methanol tolerant electrocatalyst Portable power sources Direct methanol Fuel cell

Hypoxia tolerance studies for yield,fiber and physiological traits in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)

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Journal of Cotton Research 2018年第2期1卷 27-34页

作者： HUSSAIN Altaf FAROOQ Jehanzeb ahmad Saghir MAHMOOD Abid SADIQ M.Attiq zafar Ullah zafar ATHAR Habib-Ur-Rehman Cotton Research Station Cotton Research Station Ayub Agricultural Research Station Cotton Research Institute Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Institute of Pure and Applied Biology Bahauddin Zakariya University

Background： Hypoxia tolerance studies in cotton are very rare in Pakistan. Unpredicted and excessive rainfalls result in severe losses to cotton crop in many regions of the country due to lack of hypoxia tolerance in current cotton varieties. The genotypes that can tolerate flooding are not reported earlier. The studies were conducted to explore hypoxia tolerance in local germplasm which will help to develop hypoxia tolerant cotton varieties. Method： An experiment with randomized complete different cotton varieties. The genotypes were given conditions. blocks was designed to study the hypoxia tolerance in two treatments i.e., water logged and non-water logged Results： The genotypes showed significant variability for yield, fiber and physiological traits. The hypoxia studies revealed that there is significant reduction for plant height in water sensitive genotype LRA-5166. The genotype MNH-786 showed better yield and MNH-556 showed superior ginning outturn percentage under water logged conditions. Staple length, strength and micronaire values also decreased under hypoxia. Similar pattern of negative effects were observed for Chlorophyll a, b contents and chl a/b ratio. Two hypoxia tolerant cultivars CIM-573 and MNH-564 had significantly higher chlorophyll a （1.664, 1.551） than other cultivars under both normal and waterlogged conditions. There was a significant decrease in total free amino acids in all genotypes/cultivars due to waterlogging. Free amino acid contents were significantly higher in two waterlogging sensitive cultivars, CEDIX and N-KRISHMA, than other cultivars under both non-waterlogged and waterlogged conditions. Waterlogging caused a significant reduction in shoot soluble proteins and increase in shoot proline. The genotype LRA-5166 was the highest in shoot soluble proteins content and showed significant decrease in shoot proline. Conclusions： With respect to yield MNH-786 showed better results and regarding ginning outturn percentage MNH-556 exhibite

关键词： Hypoxia Proline content Cotton Chlorophyll Physiology Tolerance

Algal biomass as a global source of transport fuels:Overview and development perspectives

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2014年第4期24卷 329-339页

作者： Kifayat Ullah Mushtaq ahmad Sofia Vinod Kumar Sharma Pengmei Lu Adam Harvey Muhammad zafar Shazia Sultana C.N.Anyanwu Department of Biosciences COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyPark RoadChak ShahzadIslamabadPakistan Department of Plant Sciences Faculty of Biological SciencesQuaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan ENEA Research Centre Trisaia Technical Unit for Trisaia Technologies75026 Rotondella (MT)Italy 4. Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy and Gas HydrateGuangzhou Institute of Energy ConversionChinese Academy of SciencesNo.2Nengyuan RoadWushanTianhe 5. School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced MaterialsNewcastle UniversityMerz CourtNewcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RUUnited Kingdom 6. National center for energy research and developmentUniversity of NsukkaNigeria

As a result of the global fuel crisis of the early 1970 s,coupled with concerns for the environment,the use of biofuel has been on the increase in many regions throughout the *** present,a total of approximately 30 billion(30×109) liters of biofuel are utilized worldwide annually,although most countries rely hugely on the first generation *** limitations of the first and second generation biofuel gave rise to current interest in algae as a promising alternative to these conventional biofuel *** biomass could provide a lion’s share of the global transport fuel requirements in *** present review highlights some important developments in,and potentials of algaculture as a major biomass resource of the ***,the major constraint to commercial-scale algae farming for energy production is the cost factor,which must be addressed adequately before its potentials can be harnessed.

关键词： Algae Biofuel Economic feasibility Energy production Transport fuels