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Glutamine and glutamate supplementation raise milk glutamine concentrations in lactating gilts

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2012年第1期3卷 25-31页

作者： Helena Emilia CCC Manso Helio C Manso Filho Luiz E de carvalho Marianne Kutschenko Eduardo T Nogueira Malcolm Watford Department of Animal Sciences Rural Federal University of PernambucoRecifePE52171-900Brazil Departament of Animal Sciences Federal University of CearáFortalezaCE60020-181Brazil Ajinomoto do Brazil S oPauloSP04015-001Brazil Department of Nutritional Sciences Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ08901USA.

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in milk, and lactation is associated with increased glutamine utilization both for milk synthesis and as a fuel for the enlarged small intestine. A number of recent studies have indicated that lactation is accompanied by a mild catabolic state in which skeletal muscle proteins are degraded to provide amino acids that are used to synthesize additional glutamine. In this study we tested the hypothesis that supplemental L-glutamine or the commercially available glutamine supplement Aminogut （2.5% by weight mixed into daily feed） provided to gilts from 30 days prior to parturition until 21 days post-parturition would prevent a decrease in skeletal muscle glutamine while increasing the glutamine content of the milk. Muscle glutamine content decreased （P 〈 0.05） in control animals during lactation but this was prevented by supplementation with either L-glutamine or Aminogut. In this study, neither lactation nor supplementation had any effect on plasma glutamine or glutamate content. Free glutamine, and the total glutamine plus glutamate concentrations in milk from the control and the Aminogut group rose （P 〈 0.05） during the first 7 days of lactation, with milk concentrations in the L-glutamine supplemented group showing a similar trend （P = 0.053）. Milk glutamate remained constant between day 7 and 21 of lactation in the control and L-glutamine supplemented groups, but by day 21 of lactation the free glutamine, glutamate, and glutamine plus glutamate concentrations in milk from Aminogut-treated gilts were higher than those of control gilts. Thus dietary glutamine supplementation can alleviate the fall in intramuscular glutamine content during lactation in gilts, and may alleviate some of the catabolic effects of lactation. Furthermore, the increased milk glutamine content in the supplemented gilts may provide optimum nutrition for piglet development.

关键词： glutamate glutamine lactation milk pig skeletal muscle

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New approach for obtaining the C-factor of RUSLE considering the seasonal effect of rainfalls on vegetation cover

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第2期9卷 207-216页

作者： Pietro Menezes Sanchez Macedo Paulo Tarso Sanches Oliveira Mauro Antonio Homem Antunes Valdemir Lucio Durigon Elaine Cristina Cardoso Fidalgo Daniel Fonseca de carvalho Agronomy-Soil Science Post Graduate Program Federal Rural University of Rio de JaneiroBR 465km 723897-000SeropedicaRJBrazil Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul CxP.549Campo GrandeMS79070-900Brazil Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Engineering DepartmentBR 465km 723897-000SeropedicaRJBrazil Technical College of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro BR 465km 723897-000SeropedicaRJBrazil National Center for Soil Research Brazilian Agricultural Research CorporationRio de JaneiroBrazil

We present a new approach for calculating the C-factor of RUSLE considering the effect of low-reflectance vegetation cover areas on the reduction of the effects on erosion caused by rainfall *** this,we propose the coefficients Cr2(rescaled 2)and C-PC(Precipitation Correction),which represent the Cfactor,and an adaptation in NDVI calculation,according to the seasonality of precipitation(NDVI-PC).The Cr2 factor is used when there is no seasonal effect of rainfall on vegetation,while the C-PC factor is calculated for localities under the influence of seasonality,from *** proposed approaches were tested using different satellites images in the Palmares-Ribeir~ao do Saco watershed,Rio de Janeiro,*** values of Cr2 and C-PC factors were compared to the Cr factor(rescaled)and to mean values from the literature for different land *** results indicated that the Cr2 factor represents an improvement in accuracy in relation to Cr by considering specific values of the studied area to normalize the data without ***,the C-PC factor is able to simulate the effect of seasonality,providing more realistics values of soil loss by the RUSLE as a function of the proportion of area affected by the rainfall seasonality obtained from *** conclude that both Cr2 and C-PC factors generate values similar of the C-factor observed in the literature,and therefore are able to provide better soil loss estimation than that using the Cr factor.

关键词： Soil erosion Land cover Soil use and management factor Vegetation seasonality NDVI

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Waste Tire Rubber-based Refrigerants for Solid-state Cooling Devices

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2020年第7期38卷 769-775,I0007页

作者： Nicolau Molina Born Erik Oda Usuda Mariana da Silva Gigliotti Denílson JoséMarcolino de Aguiar William Imamura Lucas Soares Paixao Alexandre Magnus Gomes carvalho Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology(ICN2) 08860BellaterraBarcelonaSpain The Institute of Photonic Sciences(ICFO) 08193CastelldefelsBarcelonaSpain Universidade Federal de Sāo Paulo(UNIFESP) 00972-270DiademaSPBrazil Instituto de Física"Gleb Wataghin" Universidade Estadual de Campinas(UNICAMP)13083-970CampinasSPBrazil Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná(UTFPR) 84017-220Ponta GrossaPRBrazil Faculdade de Engenharia Mec(a)nica Universidade Estadual de Campinas(UNICAMP)13083-860CampinasSPBrazil Departamento de Engenharia Mec(a)nica Universidade Estadual de Maringá(UEM)870-900MaringáPRBrazil

Management of discarded tires is a compelling environmental issue *** there are several approaches developed to recycle waste tire rubbers,their application in solid-state cooling is still *** the high barocaloric potential verified for elastomers,the use of waste tire rubber(WTR)as a refrigerant in solid-state cooling devices is very ***,we investigated the barocaloric effects in WTR and polymer blends made of vulcanized natural rubber(VNR)and WTR,to evaluate its feasibility for solid-state cooling *** adiabatic temperature changes and the isothermal entropy changes reach giant values,as well as the performance parameters,being comparable or even better than most barocaloric materials in ***,pure WTR and WTR-based samples also present a faster thermal exchange than VNR,consisting of an additional advantage of using these discarded ***,the present findings evidence the encouraging perspectives of employing waste rubbers in solid-state cooling based on barocaloric effects,contributing to both the recycling of polymers and the sustainable energy technology field.

关键词： Waste tire rubber Solid-state cooling Barocaloric effect Tire recycling Sustainable energy

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What to Expect at the Brasilia BRICS Summit

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China Today 2019年第11期68卷 34-36页

作者： EVANDRO MENEZES DE carvalho the Center for Brazil-China Studies at the FGV’s Rio de Janeiro Law School

THE end of BRICS’s first decade takes place in a different international context from that of its early *** its inception,BRICS countries maintained high growth rates and enjoyed greater political and social *** economic crisis of 2008,which had the United States as its epicenter,gave rise to the need for greater participation of emerging economies in the process of defining the global economy’s direction.

关键词： BRICS stability. maintained

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Renal sympathetic denervation in resistant hypertension

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World Journal of Cardiology 2013年第4期5卷 94-101页

作者： Mário Santos Henrique carvalho Cardiology Department Hospital Santo AntónioLargo Professor Abel Salazar4099-001 PortoPortugal

Resistant hypertension remains a major clinical problem despite the available multidrug *** the next decades,its incidence will likely increase given that it is strongly associated with older age and *** hypertension patients have an increased cardiovascular risk,thus effective antihypertensive treatment will provide substantial health *** crosstalk between sympathetic nervous system and kidneys plays a crucial role in *** influences several pathophysiological mechanisms such as the central sympathetic tone,the sodium balance and the systemic neurohumoral *** fact,studies using several animal models demonstrated that the renal denervation prevented and attenuated hypertension in multiple *** reductions in blood pressure were also observed in malignant hypertension patients submitted to sympathectomy ***,these approaches had an unacceptably high rates of periprocedural complications and disabling adverse ***,an innovative non-pharmacological therapy that modulates sympathetic activation has been successfully *** sympathetic percutaneous denervation is an endovascular procedure that uses radiofrequency energy to destroy the autonomic renal nerves running inside the adventitia of renal *** method represents a promising new approach to the strategy of inhibiting the sympathetic nervous *** aim of this review is to examine the background knowledge that resulted in the development of this hypertension treatment and to critically appraise the available clinical evidence.

关键词： Arterial hypertension Sympathetic activity Renal denervation Percutaneous ablation Resistant hypertension

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The Ideational Elements of Brazil’s Arab Strategy:An Assessment(2002-2010)

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Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies 2015年第4期9卷 100-120,I0006页

作者： Vânia carvalho PINTO Institute of International Relations University of Brasilia

Relations between the countries of Latin America and the Middle East have been an under researched topic within their respective fields.②This can be attributed,at least partly,to the fact that both regions have a comparatively low level of diplomatic and economic interactions,when contrasted,for example,with relations between Latin America and the European Union,or between the Gulf Cooperation Council and *** the specific case of Brazil,even though the latter has decades old relations with selected Arab countries,such as Iraq,very little has been written about its interactions with the Arab world in *** of the reasons for this may be attributed to the dearth of issues of high politics underscoring this relationship,issues that if present could assist in capturing media and academic *** article seeks to contribute to the study of both regions by focusing on a particular moment of Brazilian foreign policy when relations with the Arab world were at their peak in terms of visibility.

关键词： Brazil and the Middle East Latin America International Relations Brazil and the Gulf

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“BRICS Plus” and the Future of the “BRICS Agenda”

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China Today 2017年第9期66卷 30-31页

作者： EVANDRO MENEZES de carvalho the Brazilian edition of China Today International Law at Getulio Vargas Foundation(FGV)

THE ninth BRICS Summit to be held in Xiamen,China,will take place in a different international and domestic context than that of earlier years,when BRICS nations maintained high growth ***,only China and India still maintain high growth ***,according to an IMF report,there will be a small decrease in India’s economic growth,with its

关键词：金砖国家领导人增长率中国

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The 19th CPC National Congress:A New Historical Milestone

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China Today 2017年第11期66卷 38-39页

作者： EVANDRO MENEZES DE carvalho the Nucleus for Brazil-China Studies of Getulio Vargas Foundation’s Law School(FGV Direito Rio) the Nucleus of Research of BRICS Countries at Fluminense Federal University(UFF)

THE 19th CPC National Congress will usher in a new political cycle that will be marked by the celebration of the Party’s 100th anniversary,in *** with this festive and historic date comes the promise of reaching the ... 详细信息

关键词：历史数据里程适度发展农村地区习近平

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Difficult Moment, Promising Future

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China Today 2018年第8期67卷 16-17页

作者： EVANDRO MENEZES DE carvalho FGV UFF (Brazil) the Center for Brazil-China Studies

THE WTO is an international organization whose primary purpose is to open trade for the benefit of *** seeks to fulfill this objective through an institutional and legal framework that favors the seeking of negotiated solutions to serve diverse commercial interests of its member countries and,in case of non-compliance with WTO rules,provides a

关键词： WTO 国际组织经济开发成员国贸易系统商业

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BRICS: The Road Ahead

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China Today 2019年第1期68卷 36-37页

作者： EVANDRO MENEZES DE carvalho the Brazilian edition of the magazine China Today the Brazil-China Studies Center of FGV Law School

BRICS has entered its second decade of existence and the outcomes of the first decade were *** group highlighted South-South cooperation as“an important element of international efforts in the field of development”(Joint Communiqué,2008),reiterated the“central role”of the G20 for global governance(Joint Statement,2009)and advocated reform of international institutions– especially the IMF,the World Bank,and the UN– in order to reflect the new reality of the international system and increase the participation of emerging economies in international decision-making processes in a way compatible with the relevance of the economies.

关键词： South-South Joint Communiqué,2008

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