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Insights into gastrointestinal manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus:A narrative review

World Journal of Virology 2025年第1期14卷 51-62页

作者： Pratiksha Moliya Anmol singh navdeep singh Vikash Kumar Aalam Sohal Department of Transplant Hepatology University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 69198United States Department of Medicine Tristar Centennial Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37203United States Department of Medicine Government Medical CollegeAmritsar 143001PunjabIndia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Creighton University School of MedicinePhoenixAZ 85012United States

Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)modifies CD4-positive cells,resulting in immunodeficiency and a wide range of gastrointestinal(GI)*** burden of HIV-related GI illnesses has significantly evolved with the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy(ART).While ART has effectively reduced the occurrence of opportunistic infections,it has led to an increase in therapy-related GI *** esophageal conditions in HIV patients include gastroesophageal reflux disease,idiopathic esophageal ulcers,herpes simplex virus,cytomegalovirus(CMV),and candidal ***’s sarcoma,a hallmark of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,may affect the entire GI *** and peptic ulcer disease are also frequently seen in patients with ***,often linked to both opportunistic infections and ART,requires careful *** diarrhea,often a sign of colitis caused by bacterial infections such as Shigella or Clostridium difficile,is *** bowel lymphoma,although rare,is increasing in *** disorders,including proctitis,fissures,and anal squamous cell carcinoma,are particularly relevant in homosexual men,underlining the importance of timely *** review comprehensively explores the epidemiology,pathogenesis,and treatment considerations for the various GI disorders associated with HIV,highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis and effective treatment to improve outcomes for HIV-infected patients.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Opportunistic infections Antiretroviral treatment Gastrointestinal

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Evaluation of corrosion resistance, mechanical integrity loss and biocompatibility of PCL/HA/TiO_(2) hybrid coated biodegradable ZM21 Mg alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第11期10卷 3179-3204页

作者： navdeep singh Uma Batra Kamal Kumar Anil Mahapatro Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Punjab Engineering CollegeChandigarh 160012India Department of Mechanical Engineering Punjab Engineering CollegeChandigarh 160012India Department of Biomedical Engineering Wichita State UniversityWichitaKS 67260United States

A novel PCL/HA/TiO_(2)hybrid coating on ZM21 Mg alloy substrate has been investigated for corrosion resistance, biocompatibility and mechanical integrity loss in terms of bending, compressive and tensile strength in physiological media. The prepared hybrid coating was dip coated over ZM21 from HA/TiO_(2)and PCL solutions followed by creating a microporous PCL layer by utilizing Non-solvent Induced Phase Separation(NIPS) technique. The electrochemical measurement and in-vitro degradation study in SBF after 28 days showed that the PCL/HA/TiO_(2) hybrid coating reduced H2 evolution rate, weight loss, and corrosion rate by 64, 116 and 118 times respectively, as compared to uncoated ZM21 samples. The surface studies carried out using SEM-EDX, FTIR and XRD revealed formation of highly stable 3d flower-like HA crystals with Ca/P ratio of 1.60 in the PCL micropores. This dense apatite growth effectively protected the PCL/HA/TiO_(2)hybrid coated samples to maintain the good mechanical integrity even after 28 days of immersion as compared to HA/TiO_(2)composite coated, As-polished(A/P) and As-machined(A/M) samples. The failure analysis of samples under mechanical loading were performed using *** in-vitro cellular viability of L929 fibroblast cells on PCL/HA/TiO_(2)hybrid coating was found 50.47% higher with respect to control group,whereas bacterial viability was supressed by 57.15 and 62.35% against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli bacterial models. The comprehensive assessment indicates PCL/HA/TiO_(2)hybrid coating as a suitable candidate to delay early degradation and mechanical integrity loss of Mg-based alloys for devising biodegradable orthopaedic implant.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Surface modification Hybrid coating Mechanical integrity loss Degradation rate Biocompatibility

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Investigating TiO_(2)-HA-PCL hybrid coating as an efficient corrosion resistant barrier of ZM21 Mg alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第2期9卷 627-646页

Surface modification for improving corrosion resistance of Mg alloys is highly demanded for degradable orthopedic and cardiovascular *** research reports the design and development of TiO_(2)–HA composite and novel TiO_(2)–HA–PCL hybrid coating belonging to the unique class of inorganic organic hybrid with striking features that are explored for the first time in the corrosion resistance of Mg ***–gel dip coating combined with non-solvent induced phase separation is used to create the hybrid ***_(2)–HA–PCL hybrid coating introduces strong hydrogen bonding between TiO_(2)–HA inorganic matrix and PCL organic layer in addition to the Vander wall electrostatic interaction of the later with the Mg substrate which in turn enhance adhesion strength to about 1.5 times of TiO_(2)–HA *** corrosion potentials for TiO_(2)–HA–PCL and TiO_(2)–HA were found to be-0.407 V and-1.017 V(vs Ag/Ag Cl),*** current densities of TiO_(2)–HA–PCL and TiO_(2)–HA were found to be 7.31×10^(-8)A/cm^(2)and 4.03×10^(-4)A/cm^(2)*** corrosion resistance of coatings was confirmed by immersion testing by weight loss,pH changes and H_(2)evolution measurements at interval of 7 days till 28 *** present TiO_(2)–HA–PCL coating in comparison to TiO_(2)–HA coating demonstrate nearly 6%less weight *** outcome of the present work was compared with the similar coatings in recent *** work done ingresses enhancing the corrosion resistance of Mg alloys,which fulfill the dreams of future degradable orthopedic and cardiovascular devices.

关键词： Corrosion resistance TiO_(2)-HA-PCL Contact angle Adhesion strength

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Novel PA encapsulated PCL hybrid coating for corrosion inhibition of biodegradable Mg alloys:A triple triggered self-healing response for synergistic multiple protection

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第4期11卷 1440-1460页

作者： navdeep singh Grewal Uma Batra Kamal Kumar Anil Mahapatro Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Punjab Engineering CollegeChandigarh 160012India Department of Mechanical Engineering Punjab Engineering CollegeChandigarh 160012India Department of Biomedical Engineering Wichita State UniversityWichitaKS 67260USA

Surface coatings have been extensively used to control the degradation rate of Mg alloys for bioimplant ***,these coatings only act as passive *** corrosive media,structural damage impairs their barrier properties,resulting in rapid degradation of Mg *** present study incorporates phytic acid(PA)as a healing agent in polycaprolactone(PCL)microcapsules with a unique honeycomb core matrix to obtain a self-healing PA-PCLcaps *** contact between simulated body fluid(SBF)and PA-PCLcaps coated ZM21 exhibited Cassie-Baxter interfacial states,resulting in significant hydrophobicity with a contact angle(CA)of *** corrosion potential(Ecorr)and current density(Icorr)were found to be-0.28 V and 1.1×10^(-9)A/cm^(2),respectively,for PA-PCLcaps coating,resulting in biosafe corrosion rate of 2.5×10^(-4)mm/*** mechanical scratching,rapid HA mineralization at scratched regions recovered the hydrogen evolution rate(HER,0.36 mL/cm^(2)/day)and pH change(pH 7.10)of scratched PA-PCLcaps coated ZM21 samples to corresponding unscratched samples within one day of *** coating’s self-healing ability could be attributed to PA released from punctured microcapsules,which facilitates HA *** pH-triggered(pH 10)and Mg(II)-triggered(5 mM)conditions enhanced PA release from PA-PCLcaps coating by 2.5 and 3.1 times,*** a result,dense HA mineralization occurred,which protects the coating from structural defects and ensures its durability in stimulating *** findings of present study provide new insight for design of multiple stimuli-feedback based self-healing coatings on biodegradable Mg alloys.

关键词： Self-healing coating Corrosion resistance Magnesium alloy Phytic acid Polycaprolactone microcapsules

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Psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder and their impact on the illness:A systematic review

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第9期12卷 1204-1232页

作者： Subho Chakrabarti navdeep singh Department of Psychiatry Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012UTIndia

BACKGROUND Lifetime psychotic symptoms are present in over half of the patients with bipolar disorder(BD)and can have an adverse effect on its course,outcome,and ***,despite a considerable amount of research,the impact of psychotic symptoms on BD remains unclear,and there are very few systematic reviews on the *** To examine the extent of psychotic symptoms in BD and their impact on several aspects of the *** The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines were *** electronic literature search of six English-language databases and a manual search was undertaken to identify published articles on psychotic symptoms in BD from January 1940 to December *** of the relevant Medical Subject Headings terms were used to search for these *** were selected after a screening phase,followed by a review of the full texts of the *** of the methodological quality of the studies and the risk of bias was conducted using standard *** This systematic review included 339 studies of patients with *** psychosis was found in more than a half to two-thirds of the patients,while current psychosis was found in a little less than half of *** were more common than hallucinations in all phases of *** a third of the patients reported first-rank symptoms or mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms,particularly during manic *** symptoms were more frequent in bipolar type I compared to bipolar type II disorder and in mania or mixed episodes compared to bipolar *** psychotic symptoms were not more severe in BD,the severity of the illness in psychotic BD was consistently *** was usually associated with poor insight and a higher frequency of agitation,anxiety,and hostility but not with psychiatric *** was consistently linked with increased rates and the duration of hospitalizations,switching amo

关键词： Psychotic symptoms Bipolar disorder Extent Impact

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Progress in bioactive surface coatings on biodegradable Mg alloys:A critical review towards clinical translation

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第1期19卷 717-757页

作者： navdeep singh Uma Batra Kamal Kumar Neeraj Ahuja Anil Mahapatro Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Punjab Engineering CollegeChandigarh160012India Department of Mechanical Engineering Punjab Engineering CollegeChandigarh160012India Department of Biomedical Engineering Wichita State UniversityWichitaKS67260United States

Mg and its alloys evince strong candidature for biodegradable bone implants,cardiovascular stents,and wound closing ***,their rapid degradation rate causes premature implant failure,constraining clinical ***-functional surface coatings have emerged as the most competent strategy to fulfill the diverse clinical requirements,besides yielding effective corrosion *** article reviews the progress of biodegradable and advanced surface coatings on Mg alloys investigated in recent years,aiming to build up a comprehensive knowledge framework of coating techniques,processing parameters,performance measures in terms of corrosion resistance,adhesion strength,and *** developed conversion and deposition type surface coatings are thoroughly discussed by reporting their essential therapeutic responses like osteogenesis,angiogenesis,cytocompatibility,hemocompatibility,anti-bacterial,and controlled drug release towards in-vitro and in-vivo study *** challenges associated with metallic,ceramic and polymeric coatings along with merits and demerits of various coatings have been *** use of multilayered hybrid coating comprising a unique combination of organic and inorganic components has been emphasized with future perspectives to obtain diverse bio-functionalities in a facile single coating system for orthopedic implant applications.

关键词： Mg alloys Corrosion resistance Bio-functionality Conversion coating Multilayered hybrid coating Coating failures

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Reinforcement Learning Based Obstacle Avoidance for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

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Journal of Marine Science and Application 2019年第2期18卷 228-238页

作者： Prashant Bhopale Faruk Kazi navdeep singh Electrical Engineering Department Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute

Obstacle avoidance becomes a very challenging task for an autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV)in an unknown underwater environment during exploration *** control in such case may be achieved using the model-based classical control techniques like PID and MPC but it required an accurate mathematical model of AUV and may fail due to parametric uncertainties,disturbance,or plant model *** the other hand,model-free reinforcement learning(RL)algorithm can be designed using actual behavior of AUV plant in an unknown environment and the learned control may not get affected by model uncertainties like a classical control *** model-based control model-free RL based controller does not require to manually tune controller with the changing environment.A standard RL based one-step Q-learning based control can be utilized for obstacle avoidance but it has tendency to explore all possible actions at given state which may increase number of *** a modified Q-learning based control approach is proposed to deal with these problems in unknown ***,function approximation is utilized using neural network(NN)to overcome the continuous states and large statespace problems which arise in RL-based controller *** proposed modified Q-learning algorithm is validated using MATLAB simulations by comparing it with standard Q-learning algorithm for single obstacle ***,the same algorithm is utilized to deal with multiple obstacle avoidance problems.

关键词： Obstacle avoidance Autonomous underwater vehicle Reinforcement learning Q-learning Function approximation

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具有突破性、可扩展、直观易用的上电时序系统可加快设计和调试速度

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中国电子商情(基础电子) 2019年第12期 26-29页

作者： navdeep singh Dhanjal ADI公司

各行各业的电子系统都变得越来越复杂,这已经不是什么秘密。至于这种复杂性如何渗透到电源设计中,却不是那么明显。例如,功能复杂性一般通过使用ASIC、FPGA和微处理器来解决,在更小的外形尺寸中融入更丰富的应用特性。这些设备向电源系... 详细信息

各行各业的电子系统都变得越来越复杂,这已经不是什么秘密。至于这种复杂性如何渗透到电源设计中,却不是那么明显。例如,功能复杂性一般通过使用ASIC、FPGA和微处理器来解决,在更小的外形尺寸中融入更丰富的应用特性。这些设备向电源系统提供不同的数字负载,要求使用不同功率等级的多种电压轨,每一种都具有高度个性化的电压轨容差。同样,正确的电源开启和关断时序也很重要。随着时间推移,电

关键词：时序控制器 ADI 上电时序电源设计状态机

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Missed ulnar nerve injury and closed forearm fracture in a child

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2013年第4期16卷 246-248页

作者： Batra Amit Devgan Ashish Verma Vinit singh Raj Batra Shivan Magu Narender Singla Rohit Gogna ParitoshGupta navdeep Department of Orthopedics PGIMS Rohtak HaryanaIndia

Ulnar nerve injury in closed fracture of lbrearnl in children is uncommon. Commonly, neurapraxia is the reason for this palsy but other severe injuries or nerve entrapment has been reported in some cases. The impor- tance of diagnosis concerning the types of the nerve injury lies in the fact that they have totally different management. We present a case of ulnar nerve deficit in a child following a closed fracture of the forearm bones. It is imperative to diagnose exact cause of palsy as it forms the basis for treatment. MR1 scan can help diagnosis and accordingly guide the management. Simple nelwe contusion should be treated conservatively, and exploration with fixation of the fracture should be done in lacerations and entrapments of the nerve. Surgery is not the treatment of choice in cases that could be managed conserwltively.

关键词： Ulnar nerve Peripheral nerve injuries Forearm injuries Child

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