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Effect of noncircular orifice plates on the near flow field of turbulent free jets

Chinese Physics B 2014年第12期23卷 298-306页

作者：徐敏义童杏清岳丹婷张健鹏米建春 nathan G.j. Kalt P.A.M. Marine Engineering College Dalian Maritime University State Key Laboratory of Turbulence & Complex Systems College of Engineering Peking University Centre for Energy Technology and School of Mechanical Engineering University of Adelaide

In this paper, we experimentally investigate the near-field flow characteristics of turbulent free jets respectively issued from circular, triangular, diamond, rectangular, and notched-rectangular orifice plates into air surroundings. All the orifice plates have identical opening areas or equivalent diameters（De） and their aspect ratios（AR） range from 1 to 6.5. Planar particle image velocimetry（PIV） is used to measure the velocity field at the same Reynolds number of Re = 5 × 10^4,where Re = Ue De/ν with Ue being the exit bulk velocity and ν the kinematic viscosity of fluid. The mean and turbulent velocity fields of all the five jets are compared in detail. Results show that the noncircular jets can enhance the entrainment rate, reflected by the higher acceleration rates of mean velocity decay and spread, shorten the length of the unmixed core,expedite the increase of turbulent intensity compared with the circular counterpart shortened unmixed core, and increase turbulent intensity comparing to the circular counterpart. Among the five jets, the rectangular jet（AR = 6.5） produces the greatest decay rate of the near-field mean velocity, postpones the position at which the 鈥榓xis-switching鈥檖henomenon occurs. This supports that axis switching phenomenon strongly depends on jet initial conditions. In addition, the hump in the centerline variation of the turbulence intensity is observed in the rectangular and triangular jets, but not in the circular jet, nor in diamond jet nor in notched-rectangular jet.

关键词： noncircular jet free jet turbulence mixing axis-switching

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Complement activation and long-term graft function in ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation

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World journal of Nephrology 2019年第6期8卷 95-108页

作者： Marit S van Sandwijk Astrid Klooster Ineke jM ten Berge Arjan Diepstra Sandrine Florquin joris j Hoelbeek Frederike j Bemelman jan-Stephan sanders Department of Nephrology Amsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdam NL-1105 AZNetherlands Dianet Dialysis Center Amsterdam NL-1105 AZNetherlands Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningen NL-9700 RBNetherlands Department of Pathology Pathology FrieslandLeeuwarden NL-8917 ENNetherlands Department of Pathology Amsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdam NL-1105 AZNetherlands Department of Internal Medicine Division of NephrologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningen NL-9700 RBNetherlands

BACKGROUND ABO-incompatible and ABO-compatible kidney transplantation are equivalent in terms of short-term graft and patient survival. This is thought to be the result of ABO-incompatible graft accommodation, which occurs when anti-blood group antibodies re-occur after transplantation but somehow do not yield their detrimental effect. The underlying mechanism is unclear, but one of the hypotheses is that this is the result of complement inhibition. Since virtually all ABO-incompatible graft biopsies are C4d positive, this complement inhibition must occur somewhere in the complement cascade after the formation of C4d has already taken place, but where exactly is unclear. It is also unclear whether complement inhibition is complete. Incomplete accommodation could explain why recent studies have shown that long-term graft function in ABOincompatible transplantation is somewhat inferior to ABO-compatible kidney transplantation.AIM To unravel the relationship between pre-transplant anti-ABO antibodies,complement activation, and long-term graft function.METHODS We included all 27 ABO-incompatible transplantations that were performed between 2008 and 2013 at the Academic Medical Center Amsterdam and the University Medical Center Groningen. For each ABO-incompatible transplantation, we included four ABO-compatible controls matched by age, sex,and transplantation date.RESULTS Graft and patient survival were not significantly different. The slope of kidney function during five-year follow-up was also not significantly different, but ABOincompatible recipients did have a lower kidney function at three months(creatinine clearance 58 vs 69 mL/min, P = 0.02, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease 46 vs 52 mL/min/1.73 m^2, P = 0.08), due to a high rate of early rejection(33% vs 15%, P = 0.03), mostly T-cell mediated. Pre-transplant anti-ABO Ig G titers were positively correlated with C5b-9 staining, which itself was positively correlated with the occurrence of T-cell mediated rejection. This may be the result of concurrent C5a

关键词： ABO-incompatible Kidney transplantation Complement Graft function Rejection

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Transient plasma-enhanced remediation of nanoscale particulate matter in restaurant smoke emissions via electrostatic precipitation

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Particuology 2021年第2期19卷 43-47页

作者： Sisi Yang Patrick Ford Sriram Subramanian Dan Singleton jason sanders Stephen B.Cronin Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089USA Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089USA Daniel j.Epstein Department of Industrial&System Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089USA Transient Plasma Systems Inc.TorranceCA 90501USA

It is now recognized that nanoscale particulate matter(PM)represents a substantial health hazard for our society,including PM from restaurant smoke.In this study,we explored the use of a transient pulsed plasma in conjunction with an applied DC bias to treat oil aerosols that closely resemble restaurant(i.e.,charbroiler)smoke emissions.For polyaromatic olefin PAO-4 and soybean oil,we found that a three-order-of-magnitude reduction in particulates(i.e.,99.9%remediation)could be achieved with this system.Here,the plasma discharge was produced in a 4-in.-diameter cylindrical reactor with a 5-10 ns high voltage(30 kV)pulse generator together with applied DC bias voltages up to 10 kV.The distribution of nanoparticle sizes was measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer(SMPS)with diameter centered around 225 nm.Here,the main mechanism of remediation occurs in a two-step process in which the oil nanoparticles are first ionized by the free electrons and free radicals in the plasma and then the charged particles are swept out to the sidewalls of the reactor by the applied DC potential.We believe this general approach opens up new degrees of freedom in the design of electrostatic oil aerosol pollution control devices.

关键词： Nanoparticles Transient plasma Charbroiler emission DC bias Remediation

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Using accelerometry to compare costs of extended migration in an arctic herbivore

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Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 667-674页

作者： Mitch D. WEEGMAN Stuart BEARHOP Geoff M. HILTON Alyn j. WALSH Larry GRIFFIN Yehezkel S. RESHEFF Ran nathan Anthony DAVID Fox Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Cornwall Campus Penryn TR109EZ UK Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust Slimbridge Gloucester GL2 7BT UK National Parks and Wildlife Service Wexford Wildfowl Reserve North Slob Wexford Ireland Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust Caerlaverock Wetland Centre Eastpark Farm Caerlaverock Durnfriesshire DG1 4RS UK Department of Ecology Evolution and Behavior The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904 Israel Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Kale Grenavej 14 RФnde DK-8410 Denmark Present address: School of Natural Resources University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA.

Understanding how individuals manage costs during the migration period is challenging because individuals are difficult to follow between sites; the advent of hybrid Global Positioning System-acceleration (ACC) tracking devices enables researchers to link spatial and temporal attributes of avian migration with behavior for the first time ever. We fitted these devices on male Greenland white-fronted geese wintering at 2 sites (Loch Ken, Scotland and Wexford, Ireland) to understand whether birds migrating further during spring fed more on wintering and staging areas in advance of migration episodes. Although Irish birds flew significantly further (ca. 300 km) than Scottish birds during spring, their cumulative hours of migratory flight, flight speed during migration, and overall dynamic body ACC (i.e., a proxy for energy expenditure) were not significantly different. Further, Irish birds did not feed significantly more or expend significantly more energy in advance of migration episodes. These results suggest broad individual plasticity in this species, although Scottish birds arriving on breeding areas in Greenland with greater energy stores (because they migrated less) may be better prepared for food scarcity, which might increase their reproductive success.

关键词： Greenland white-fronted geese avian migration cost energy expenditure global positioning system–acceleration tracking devices individual decision-making proportion of time feeding

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Effect of Varying Temperature and Oxygen on Particulate Matter Formation in Oxy-Biomass Combustion

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Energy Engineering 2022年第3期119卷 863-881页

作者： Chen Wang Cicilia Kemunto Mesa Samuel Bimenyimana nathan Bogonko George Adwek Yiyi Mo Godwin Norense Osarumwense Asemota Changfu Yuan Yaowen Chen Changtai Li Etienne Ntagwirumugara Aphrodis Nduwamungu Fujian Provincial Higher–Educational Engineering Research Centre of Intelligence and Automation in Construction College of Civil EngineeringHuaqiao UniversityXiamenChina Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute NairobiKenya Hello Renewables Ltd.KigaliRwanda Mount Kenya University ThikaKenya African Centre of Excellence in Energy for Sustainable Development University of RwandaKigaliRwanda Morayo College NairobiKenya Fujian Baichuan Construction Technology Co. Ltd.XiamenChina Haoqi(Xiamen)Construction Technology Co. Ltd.XiamenChina University of Rwanda College of Science and TechnologyKigaliRwanda

Offsetting particulate matter emissions has become a critical global aim as there are concerted efforts to deal with environmental and energy poverty challenges.This study consists of investigations of computing emissions of particulate matter from biomass fuels in various atmospheres and temperatures.The laboratory setup included a fixed bed electric reactor and a particulate matter(PM)measuring machine interfaced with the flue gas from the fixed bed reactor combustion chamber.The experiments were conducted at seven different temperatures(600℃-1200℃)and six incremental oxygen concentrations(21%-100%).Five biomass types were studied;A-cornstalk,B-wood,C-wheat straw,D-Rice husk,E-Peanut shell,each pulverized to a size of approximately 75 microns.The study shows that PM emitted during char combustion is consistently higher than that emitted during the de-volatilization.During de-volatilization,increase in temperature leads to linear decrease in PM emission between atmospheres of 21%O_(2)to 50%O_(2),thereafter,between 70%O_(2)to 100%O_(2);increase in temperature leads to a rise in PM emission.The average PM formation from all the five considered biomass is relatively comparable however,with differing atmospheres and temperatures,the fibrous and low-density biomass forms more PM.During char combustion,the study shows that at oxygen levels of 21%,70%,90%and 100%,increase in temperature leads to increased PM emission.The increase in oxygen concentration and temperature increases the rate of combustion hence diminishing the time of combustion.

关键词： Oxy-fuel combustion particulate matter(PM) volatiles char combustion

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出口雷诺数对平面射流自保持性的影响

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物理学报 2009年第11期58卷 7756-7764页

作者：米建春冯宝平 Deo Ravinesh C nathan Graham j 北京大学工学院及湍流与复杂系统研究国家重点实验室北京100871 School of Mechanical Engineering The University of Adelaide

通过实验研究出口雷诺数对平面湍流射流自保持性的影响.测量的射流来自相同的喷嘴但不同的雷诺数Re(≡Ujh/ν,其中Uj是出口平均速度、h是窄缝出口的厚度和ν是黏性系数),其变化范围是Re=4582—57735.所得的数据包括沿轴线的平均速度、... 详细信息

通过实验研究出口雷诺数对平面湍流射流自保持性的影响.测量的射流来自相同的喷嘴但不同的雷诺数Re(≡Ujh/ν,其中Uj是出口平均速度、h是窄缝出口的厚度和ν是黏性系数),其变化范围是Re=4582—57735.所得的数据包括沿轴线的平均速度、湍流强度、积分尺度、高阶矩和能谱.实验发现,随着Re的增大,平面射流发展减慢,平均速度和湍流强度更难达到自保持状态.沿轴线的积分尺度随轴向距离成线性增长但随雷诺数的增大增长速度减慢.同时发现,平面射流的局部雷诺数会随轴向距离的增大而增大.最后,通过对比湍流能谱并结合以往发表的结果,对不同雷诺数的射流所表现出的不同的统计学行为给出了解释.

关键词：平面射流雷诺数自保持性

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Understanding celiac disease monitoring patterns and outcomes after diagnosis:A multinational,retrospective chart review study

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第20期27卷 2603-2614页

作者： Knut EA Lundin Ciaran P Kelly David S sanders Kristina Chen Sheena Kayaniyil Sisi Wang Rajvi j Wani Caitlin Barrett Shakira Yoosuf Ellen S Pettersen Robert Sambrook Daniel A Leffler K.G.jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre University of OsloOslo 0450Norway Department of Gastroenterology Oslo University Hospital RikshospitaletOslo 0372Norway Celiac Center Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Celiac Research Program Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115United States Royal Hallamshire Hospital University of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUnited Kingdom Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co. CambridgeMA 02139United States Real World Evidence Strategy and Analytics ICON plc.TorontoON L7N 3G2Canada Real World Evidence Strategy and Analytics ICON plc.VancouverBC V6B 1P1Canada

BACKGROUND Long-term outcomes and monitoring patterns in real-world practice are largely unknown among patients with celiac disease.AIM To understand patterns of follow-up and management of patients with celiac disease,and to characterize symptoms and villous atrophy after diagnosis.METHODS A retrospective chart review study was performed using medical chart data of patients diagnosed with celiac disease.Three gastroenterology referral centers,with substantial expertise in celiac disease,participated in the United Kingdom,United States,and Norway.Demographic and clinical data were collected from medical charts.Descriptive analyses were conducted on patients with biopsyconfirmed celiac disease,diagnosed between 2008 and 2012,with at least one follow-up visit before December 31,2017.Patient demographic and clinical characteristics,biopsy/serology tests and results,symptoms,and comorbidities were captured at diagnosis and for each clinic visit occurring within the study period(i.e.,before the study end date of December 31,2017).RESULTS A total of 300 patients were included in this study[72%female;mean age at diagnosis:38.9 years,standard deviation(SD)17.2].Patients were followed-up for a mean of 29.9 mo(SD 22.1)and there were,on average,three follow-up visits per patient during the study period.Over two-thirds(68.4%)of patients were recorded as having ongoing gastrointestinal symptoms and 11.0%had ongoing symptoms and enteropathy during follow-up.Approximately 80%of patients were referred to a dietician at least once during the follow-up period.Half(50.0%)of the patients underwent at least one follow-up duodenal biopsy and 36.6%had continued villous atrophy.Patterns of monitoring varied between sites.Biopsies were conducted more frequently in Norway and patients in the United States had a longer follow-up duration.CONCLUSION This real-world study demonstrates variable follow-up of patients with celiac disease despite most patients continuing to have abnormal histology and symptoms after diagnosis.

关键词： Celiac disease Outcomes research Endoscopy Real-world General practice Villous atrophy

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Locomotor analysis identifies early compensatory changes during disease progression and subgroup classification in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第10期12卷 1664-1679页

作者： Melissa M.Haulcomb Rena M.Meadows Whitney M.Miller Kathryn P.Mc Millan Me Kenzie j.Hilsmeyer Xuefu Wang Wesley T.Beaulieu Stephanie L.Dickinson Todd j.Brown Virginia M.sanders Kathryn j.jones Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Research and Development Service Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical CenterIndianapolisINUSA Program in Medical Neurosciences Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Statistics Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOHUSA

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a motoneuron degenerative disease that is challenging to diagnose and presents with considerable variability in survival.Early identification and enhanced understanding of symptomatic patterns could aid in diagnosis and provide an avenue for monitoring disease progression.Use of the m SOD1 G93 A mouse model provides control of the confounding environmental factors and genetic heterogeneity seen in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients,while investigating underlying disease-induced changes.In the present study,we performed a longitudinal behavioral assessment paradigm and identified an early hindlimb symptom,resembling the common gait abnormality foot drop,along with an accompanying forelimb compensatory mechanism in the m SOD1 G93 A mouse.Following these initial changes,m SOD1 mice displayed a temporary hindlimb compensatory mechanism resembling an exaggerated steppage gait.As the disease progressed,these compensatory mechanisms were not sufficient to sustain fundamental locomotor parameters and more severe deficits appeared.We next applied these initial findings to investigate the inherent variability in B6 SjL m SOD1 G93 A survival.We identified four behavioral variables that,when combined in a cluster analysis,identified two subpopulations with different disease progression rates：a fast progression group and a slow progression group.This behavioral assessment paradigm,with its analytical approaches,provides a method for monitoring disease progression and detecting m SOD1 subgroups with different disease severities.This affords researchers an opportunity to search for genetic modifiers or other factors that likely enhance or slow disease progression.Such factors are possible therapeutic targets with the potential to slow disease progression and provide insight into the underlying pathology and disease mechanisms.

关键词： nerve regeneration amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motoneuron degenerative disease locomotor disease progression disease variability SOD1 mouse neural regeneration

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Secreted frizzled related-protein 2(Sfrp2)deficiency decreases adult skeletal stem cell function in mice

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Bone Research 2021年第4期9卷 606-617页

作者： Luis Fernandez de Castro Brian丄Sworder Byron Mui Kathryn Futrega Agnes Berendsen Matthew D.Phillips nathan j.Burbach Natasha Cherman Sergei Kuznetsov Yankel Gabet Kenn Holmbeck Pamela G.Robey Skeletal Biology Section National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthDepartment of Health and Human ServicesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Department of Molecular Medicine Boston UniversityBostonMAUSA School of Dentistry University of Minnesota-Twin CitiesMinneapolisMNUSA Department of Anatomy and Anthropology Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv-YafoIsrael

In a previous transcriptomic study of human bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs,also known as bone marrow-derived^mesenchymal stem cells#,)/SFRP2 was highly over-represented in a subset of multipotent BMSCs(skeletal stem cells,SSCs),which recreate a bone/marrow organ in an in vivo ectopic bone formation assay.SFRPs modulate WNT signaling,which is essential to maintain skeletal homeostasis,but the specific role of SFRP2 in BMSCs/SSCs is unclear.Here,we evaluated Sfrp2 deficiency on BMSC/SSC function in models of skeletal organogenesis and regeneration.The skeleton of Sfrp2-def\c\ent(KO)mice is overtly normal;but their BMSCs/SSCs exhibit reduced colony-forming efficiency,reflecting low SSC self-renewal/abundancy.Sfrp2 KO BMSCs/SSCs formed less trabecular bone than those from WT littermates in the ectopic bone formation assay.Moreover,regeneration of a cortical drilled hole defect was dramatically impaired in Sfrp2 KO mice.Sfrp2-deficient BMSCs/SSCs exhibited poor in vitro osteogenic differentiation as measured by Runx2 and Osterix expression and calcium accumulation.Interestingly,activation of the Wnt co-receptor;Lrp6,and expression of Wnt target genes,Axin2,C-myc and Cyclin Dl,were reduced in Sfrp2-deficient BMSCs/SSCs.Addition of recombinant Sfrp2 restored most of these activities,suggesting that Sfrp2 acts as a Wnt agonist.We demonstrate that Sfrp2 plays a role in self-renewal of SSCs and in the recruitment and differentiation of adult SSCs during bone healing.SFRP2 is also a useful marker of BMSC/SSC multipotency,and a factor to potentially improve the quality of ex vivo expanded BMSC/SSC products.

关键词： skeletal impaired healing

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The Effect of Fasting on PET Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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journal of Cancer Therapy 2013年第2期4卷 562-567页

作者： nathan Tenley David j. Corn Lewis Yuan Zhenghong Lee Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland USA Department of Radiology University Hospitals Case Medical Center Cleveland USA.

The clinical utility of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for liver cancer applications is not clearly defined either for diagnosis or treatment assessment. Previous clinical studies demonstrated that fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) did not show uptake in some hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) while acetate showed uptake. Pre-imaging fasting is required for clinical PET imaging with FDG. No studies were done to confirm the effect of fasting on acetate uptake in HCC for PET imaging. We investigated this situation with a woodchuck model of viral infection-induced HCC. Methods: Four tumor-bearing and one control woodchucks were involved in this study. They were first imaged by PET in fed state followed by another imaging session one week later when they were fasted over-night. Some animals also had FDG- PET scan that was acquired later on the same day. After imaging studies, animals were sacrificed, and their liver excised for histology. Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) was calculated using a region of interest (ROI) placed on each tumor with focal uptake. Results: Acetate showed uptake in each HCC lesion when the animals were either fasted or fed with no significant difference in SUV values (p = 0.177);some of the tumors were histologically confirmed as well-differentiated HCC while others were confirmed as moderately- or poorly-differentiated HCC;no focal uptake was found in the control animal. For the accompanying FDG scans, the uptake was detected only in animals that were fasted although the uptake pattern was different from that with acetate. Conclusion: This study provided a hint that fasting or not has little impact on PET imaging of HCC with acetate. It also confirmed prior finding regarding tumor heterogeneity that led to different tracer uptake pattern in the same tumor. Human studies are needed to validate the findings from this pre-clinical investigation.

关键词： Acetate FDG Hepatocellular Carcinoma Woodchuck Positron Emission Tomography

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