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Exploiting rotational asymmetry for sub-50 nm mechanical nanocalligraphy

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第5期7卷 61-68页

作者： Nikolaos Farmakidis jacob L.Swett nathan Youngblood Xuan Li Charalambos Evangeli Samarth Aggarwal Jan A.Mol Harish Bhaskaran department of Materials University of OxfordParks RoadOxford 0X13PHUK department of Physics Queen Mary University of LondonLondon El 4NSUK

Nanofabrication has experienced extraordinary progress in the area of lithography-led processes over the last decades,although versatile and adaptable techniques addressing a wide spectrum of materials are still *** probe lithography(SPL)offers the capability to readily pattern sub-100 nm structures on many surfaces;however,the technique does not scale to dense and multi-lengthscale ***,we demonstrate a technique,which we term nanocalligraphy scanning probe lithography(nc-SPL),that overcomes these ***-SPL employs an asymmetric tip and exploits its rotational asymmetry to generate structures spanning the micron to nanometer lengthscales through real-time linewidth *** specialized tip geometries and by precisely controlling the patterning direction,we demonstrate sub-50 nm patterns while simultaneously improving on throughput,tip longevity,and reliability compared to conventional SPL We further show that nc-SPL can be employed in both positive and negative tone patterning modes,in contrast to conventional *** underlines the potential of this technique for processing sensitive surfaces such as 2d materials,which are prone to tip-induced shear or beam-induced damage.

关键词： lithography tuning versatile

Commentary on“The deterministic condition for the ground reaction force acting point on the combined knee valgus and tibial internal rotation moments in the early phase of cutting maneuvers in female athletes”

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 373-375页

作者： nathan d.Schilaty nathaniel A.Bates department of Neurosurgery&Brain Repair University of South FloridaTampaFL 33620USA department of Medical Engineering University of South FloridaTampaFL 33620USA Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Research University of South FloridaTampaFL 33620USA department of Orthopaedics The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

*** For decades,substantial disagreement has persisted as to whether dynamic knee valgus is the cause of the majority of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries or rather the result of the ACL rupture.1 Consequently,great effort and expense has gone into capturing 3-dimensional kinetics and kinematics from live athletes to drive in vitro and in silico models of ACL injury in order to elucidate the actual mechanism of injury,as these factors have been demonstrated to be surrogates of intraarticular structural loading on the ACL.2,3 The elucidation of injury mechanisms for non-contact ACL injuries is of great medical value as such knowledge consequently permits quantified examination and validation of interventions and their respective effectiveness in both prevention and rehabilitation of these traumatic knee injuries.

关键词： injuries knee prevention

Evidence for a female-produced, long range pheromone of Anoplophora glabripennis （Coleoptera Cerambycidae）

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 355-371页

作者： jacob d.Wickham Zhichun Xu Stephen A.Teale department of Environmental and Forest Biology SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry1 Forestry DriveSyracuseN Y 13210USA College of Forest Resources Beijing Forestry University Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Volatiles from female Asian longhorned beetle （ ALB ）, Anoplophora glabripenhis, were evaluated as candidate sex pheromone components. Previous studies on ALB have revealed several antennally active compounds from virgin females; however the origins and activity of these compounds were not apparent and require further investigation. We tested the hypothesis that one or more of the ALB contact sex pheromones is a precursor that undergoes abiotic oxidation to yield volatile pheromone components, and evaluated the activity of these compounds using laboratory and field bioassays. Gas chromatogra- phy coupled electroantennography detection （GC-EAd） analysis indicated the presence of three antennally active aldehydes （heptanal, nonanal, and hexadecanal） in female cuticular extracts exposed to ozone or UV and visible light. In laboratory bioassays using a Y-tube olfactometer, males were preferentially attracted to ozonized female body washes over crude body washes. Similarly, synthetic formulations of these compounds were preferred over controls in the olfactometer. Field trapping experiments conducted from 2006 to 2008 in Ningxia, China showed that synthetic lures of the three aldehydes formulated in a ratio simulating that of virgin females attracted more beetles compared to controls, and that combinations of these aldehydes, linalool oxide, and host kairomones captured more beetles than controls, and captured significantly more males.

关键词： Anoplophora glabripennis Asian longhorned beetle cuticular hydrocarbons,kairomone oxidation pheromone

A new bacteria-free strategy induced by MaGal2 facilitates pinewood nematode escape immune response from its vector beetle

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Insect Science 2021年第4期28卷 1087-1102页

作者： Chi Zhang jacob d.Wickham Lilin Zhao Jianghua Sun State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Symbiotic microbes play a crucial role in regulating parasite–host interactions;however,the role of bacterial associates in parasite–host interactions requires *** this study,we showed that,instead of introducing numerous symbiotic bacteria,dispersal of 4th-stage juvenile(JIV)pinewood nematodes(PWNs),Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,only introduced few bacteria to its vector beetle,Monochamus alternatus(Ma).JIV showed weak binding ability to five dominant bacteria species isolated from the beetles’pupal *** was especially the case for binding to the opportunistic pathogenic species Serratia marcescens;the nematodes’bacteria binding ability at this critical stage when it infiltrates Ma for dispersal was much weaker compared with Caenorhabditis elegans,diplogasteroides asiaticus,and propagative-stage *** associated bacterium ***,which was isolated from the beetles’pupal chambers,was unfavorable to Ma,because it caused a higher mortality rate upon injection into *** addition,*** in the tracheae caused more immune effector disorders compared with PWN ***_Galectin2(MaGal2),a pattern-recognition receptor,was up-regulated following PWN *** MaGal2 protein formed aggregates with five dominant associated bacteria in ***,MaGal2 knockdown beetles had up-regulated prophenoloxidase gene expression,increased phenoloxidase activity,and decreased PWN *** study revealed a previously unknown strategy for immune evasion of this plant pathogen inside its vector,and provides novel insights into the role of bacteria in parasite–host interactions.

关键词： galectin immune evasion pinewood nematode symbiotic bacteria vector beetle

Fighting and aggressive sound determines larger male to win male-male competition in a bark beetle

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Insect Science 2021年第1期28卷 203-214页

作者： Zhu-dong Liu jacob d.Wickham Jiang-Hua Sun State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesChaoyang DistrictBeijingChina CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions Chinese Academy of SciencesChaoyang DistrictBeijingChina

Intrasexual selection occurs in male-male competition over access to females and usually results in the larger male *** much research has documented that size matters,little is known about how the larger male *** vale ns is an aggregating monogamous bark beetle in which males have large variation in body size and display intense competition over *** observation showed two males fight each other within the gallery by pushing/shoving and stridulated more when two males encountered each *** using two different-sized males synchronously competing showed that larger males won 95%of *** displacement experiments using muted and intact males of different or equal size were used to simulate male-male *** males displaced the smaller resident male in 90%of contests,while smaller males prevailed over larger residents in 6.7%of *** both males silenced,larger males displaced smaller males in 80%of con tests,while smaller males prevailed in 8%of con *** experiments using equal-sized males showed aggressive soundemitting males displaced muted males in 67%of contests,yet intact males displaced other intact males in only 37.5%of con *** analysis showed sound pressure level is an honest signal of body size and males chose soft sounds over loud aggressive sounds in ***,*** males have evolved dual behaviors,fighting and aggressive sounds associated with body size,to assess rivals to compete for a partner,gaining insights in male-male competition for this species and for other animals.

关键词： aggressive soun ds animal con test theory bark bee tie body size fighting male-male competition

Major ascaroside pheromone component asc-C5 influences reproductive plasticity among isolates of the invasive species pinewood nematode

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第6期16卷 893-907页

作者： Meiping ZHAO jacob d.WICKHAM Lilin ZHAO Jianghua SUN State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Pheromones are communication chemicals and regulatory signals used by animals and represent unique tools for organisms to mediate behaviors and make“decisions”to maximize their *** plasticity refers to the innate capacity of a species to tolerate a greater breadth of environmental conditions across which it adapts to improve its survival,reproduction,and *** pinewood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,an invasive nematode species,was accidentally introduced from North America into Japan,China,and Europe;however,few studies have investigated its pheromones and phenotypic plasticity as a natural ***,we demonstrated a novel phenomenon,in which nematodes under the condition of pheromone presence triggered increased reproduction in invasive strains(JP1,JP2,CN1,CN2,EU1,and EU2),while it simultaneously decreased reproduction in native strains(US1 and US2).The bidirectional effect on fecundity,mediated by presence/absence of pheromones,is henceforth termed pheromone-regulative reproductive plasticity(PRRP).We further found that synthetic ascaroside asc-C5(ascr#9),the major pheromone component,plays a leading role in PRRP and identified 2 candidate receptor genes,Bxydaf-38 and Bxysrd-10,involved in perceiving *** results suggest that plasticity of reproductive responses to pheromones in pinewood nematode may increase its fitness in novel environments following *** opens up a new perspective for invasion biology and presents a novel strategy of invasion,suggesting that pheromones,in addition to their traditional roles in chemical signaling,can influence the reproductive phenotype among native and invasive *** addition,this novel mechanism could broadly explain,through comparative studies of native and invasive populations of animals,a potential underlying factor behind of the success of other biological invasions.

关键词： Bursaphelenchus xylophilus fecundity invasion phenotypic plasticity pheromone

Progressive heterosis in genetically defined tetraploid maize

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2019年第8期46卷 389-396页

作者： jacob d.Washburn Mitchell J.McElfresh James A.Birchler division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri

Progressive heterosis, i.e., the additional hybrid vigor in double-cross tetraploid hybrids not found in their single-cross tetraploid parents, has been documented in a number of species including alfalfa,potato, and maize. In this study, four artificially induced maize tetraploids, directly derived from standard inbred lines, were crossed in pairs to create two single-cross hybrids. These hybrids were then crossed to create double-cross hybrids containing genetic material from all four original lines. Replicated fieldbased phenotyping of the materials over four years indicated a strong progressive heterosis phenotype in tetraploids but not in their diploid counterparts. In particular, the above ground dry weight phenotype of double-cross tetraploid hybrids was on average 34% and 56% heavier than that of the single-cross tetraploid hybrids and the double-cross diploid counterparts, respectively. Additionally,whole-genome resequencing of the original inbred lines and further analysis of these data did not show the expected spectrum of alleles to explain tetraploid progressive heterosis under the complementation of complete recessive model. These results underscore the reality of the progressive heterosis phenotype,its potential utility for increasing crop biomass production, and the need for exploring alternative hypothesis to explain it at a molecular level.

关键词： Maize Tetraploid Heterosis dominance complementation Progressive heterosis

distributed media cooperation for enhanced video communication

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第5期7卷 773-783页

作者： CHAKARESKI jacob Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

The author designed two algorithms for distributed cooperation among multiple video streams sharing common communication resources. The algorithms take advantage of an optimization framework that characterizes video packets such that joint resource allocation can be implemented not only over the packets of a single stream, but also across packets of different streams. The first algorithm enables collaboration among multiple video senders in an 802.11 CSMA/CA wireless network such that their joint performance is maximized. Via the algorithm, the users cooperatively establish transmission priorities based on the assigned characterizations of their video packets. The second technique allows for low-complexity joint bandwidth adaptation of multiple video streams at intermediate network nodes in the Internet in order to maximize the overall network performance. The author analyzes the advantages of the proposed algorithms over conventional solutions employed in such scenarios. It is shown that depending on system parameters such as available network data rate the proposed techniques can provide substantial gains in end-to-end performance.

关键词： Media cooperation, distributed video streaming, Wireless networks, Resource allocation, Rate-quality optimization

Factors controlling nutrient availability to the developing fetus in ruminants

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 205-214页

作者： Kathrin A dunlap jacob d Brown Ashley B Keith M Carey Satterfield department of Animal Science Texas A&M University2471 TAMU College Station

Inadequate delivery of nutrients results in intrauterine growth restriction （IUGR）, which is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in livestock. In ruminants, inadequate nutrition during pregnancy is often prevalent due to frequent utilization of exensive forage based grazing systems, making them highly susceptible to changes in nutrient quality and availability. delivery of nutrients to the fetus is dependent on a number of critical factors including placental growth and development, utero-placental blood flow, nutrient availability, and placenta metabolism and transport capacity. Previous findings from our laboratory and others, highlight essential roles for amino acids and their metabolites in supporting normal fetal growth and development, as well as the critical role for amino acid transporters in nutrient delivery to the fetus. The focus of this review will be on the role of materna nutrition on placental form and function as a regulator of fetal development in ruminants.

关键词： Intrauterine growth restriction Nutrient transport Placenta Ruminant