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Hygiene hypothesis in inflammatory bowel disease: A criticalreview of the literature

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第2期14卷 165-173页

作者： natasha a koloski Laurel Bret Graham Radford-Smith Department of Gastroenterology Royal Brisbane & Women'sHospital Herston Queensland 4072Australia Department of Gastroenterology Royal Brisbane & Women’sHospitalHerston Queensland 4072Australia

The hygiene hypothesis is thought to be a significant contributor to the growing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) around the world, although the evidence for specific factors that underlie the hygiene hypothesis in IBD is unclear. We aimed to systematically review the literature to determine which hygiene-related factors are associated with the development of IBD. Publications identified from a broad based MEDLINE and Current Contents search between 1966 and 2007 on key terms relevant to the 'hygiene hypothesis' and IBD including H pylori exposure, helminths, cold chain hypothesis, measles infection and vaccination, antibiotic use, breastfeeding, family size, sibship, urban upbringing, day care attendance and domestic hygiene were reviewed. The literature suggests that the hygiene hypothesis and its association with decreased microbial exposure in childhood probably plays an important role in the development of IBD, although the strength of the supporting data for each of the factors varies considerably. The most promising factors that may potentially be associated with development of IBD include H pylori exposure, helminths, breastfeeding and sibship. However, the vast majority of studies in this area are plagued by serious methodological shortcomings, particularly the reliance on retrospective recall of information making it difficult to truly ascertain the importance of a 'hygiene hypothesis' in IBD. The 'hygiene hypothesis' in IBD is an important area of research that may give clues to the aetiology of this disease. Directions for future research are recommended.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Hygiene hypothesis Microbial exposure Cold chain hypothesis H pylori Helminths Measles Antibiotic Breastfeeding Child care

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2020 Vision for Biology： The Role of Plants in Addressing Grand Challenges in Biology

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Molecular Plant 2008年第4期1卷 561-563页

作者： natasha Raikhel University of California Riverside United States

In November 1998, a group of scientists met in Palo Alto, California, at an NSF-sponsored workshop to discuss the grand challenges facing biology at that time. Their primary aim was to identify areas in which plant science could provide important and lasting contributions to addressing these challenges. A key recommendation from their report was to focus sufficient resources on the reference plant Arabidopsis to be able to exploit fully its soon to be completed genome sequence. Nine years later, as we near completion of the 2010 program, it is appropriate to step back,

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Amalgamated gold-nanoalloys with enhanced catalytic activity for the detection of mercury ions(Hg^2+)in seawater samples

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Nano Research 2020年第4期13卷 989-998页

作者： natasha Logan Claire McVey Christopher Elliott Cuong Cao Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological SciencesQueens University Belfast19 Chlorine GardensBelfastBT95DLUK Material and Advanced Technologies for Healthcare Queens University Belfast18-30 Malone RoadBelfastBT95BNUK

Mercury(Hg)is extremely toxic,and continues to cause major threats to aquatic life,human health and the ***^2+mainly derives from seawater as a product of atmospheric deposition,therefore there is great demand for sensing approaches that can detect Hg^2+in seawater ***,we demonstrate that the peroxidase-mimicking activity of gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)or so-called nanozymes,can be exploited for the detection of Hg^2+ions in various water *** a high electrolyte environment,the catalytic activity for the oxidation of 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)was significantly diminished due to poor stability of the *** activity was reduced by-73.7%when the NaCl concentration was higher than 1.168%,which is much lower than that of seawater(-3.5%),thus presenting its unsuitability for detecting Hg^2+in harsh water *** overcome this limitation,AuNPs were first functionalized with oligo-ethylene glycol(OEG),of which their colloidal form presented high stability in NaCl concentrations up to 20%and across a wide range of pHs from ***,the catalytic activity of OEG-AuNPs for the oxidation of TMB was strongly suppressed by the coating,but enhanced upon formation of Au-Hg *** novel finding underlies a straightforward,sensitive,and highly selective detection platform for Hg^2+in water *** approach could detect the exposure limit level for Hg^2+in drinking water(i.e.,2 ppb for tap and bottled water)as set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)and the World Health Organization(WHO).When Hg^2+was spiked into a 3.5%saline solution and a coastal seawater certified reference material(CRM),the detection limits were found to be 10 ancM 3 ppb,respectively,which exceed the Hg^2+concentrations commonly found within seawater(-60-80 ppb).The whole procedure takes less than 45 min to conduct,providing a highly innovative,rapid and low-cost approach for detecting Hg^2+in complex water matrices.

关键词： gold nanoparticles nanozyme peroxidase-like mercury detection w ater samples seawater

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Trans-Golgi Network-An Intersection of Trafficking Cell Wall Components

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第11期54卷 875-886页

作者： natasha Worden Eunsook Park Georgia Drakakaki Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavis 95616USA

The cell wall, a crucial cell compartment, is composed of a network of polysaccharides and proteins, providing structural support and protection from external stimuli.

关键词： Cell wall chemical genomics endomembrane trafficking trans-Golgi network vesicle proteomics.

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Evidence for using a dual COX 1/2 and 5-LOX inhibitor in neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第7期12卷 1077-1078页

作者： natasha Irrera Alessandra Bitto Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Messina Messina Italy

A complex network of factors contributes to neuroinflammation,such as infections,brain injuries and accumulation of toxic metabolites（Gendelman,2002）.Eicosanoids and several cytokines are the main mediators of inflammatory process;in fact,when an inflammatory condition persists,it can be responsible for the progression of degenerative diseases,

关键词： COX LOX in Evidence for using a dual COX 1/2 and 5-LOX inhibitor in neurodegenerative diseases for

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Pediatric ocular nanomedicines：Challenges and opportunities

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2017年第9期28卷 1817-1821页

作者： natasha D.Sheybani Hu Yang Department of Biomedical Engineering Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23284. United States Department of Chemical & Life Science Engineering. Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23219. United States Department of Pharmaceutics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23298. United States Massey Cancer Center. Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23298. United States

The eye is a highly complex,yet readily accessible organ within the human *** such,the eye is an appealing candidate target for a vast array of drug *** advances in ocular drug therapy research,the focus on pediatric ocular drug delivery continues to be highly underrepresented due to the limited number of degenerative ocular diseases with childhood *** this review,we explore more deeply the reasons underlying the disparity between ocular therapies available for children and for adults by highlighting diseases that most commonly afflict children（with focus on the anterior eye） and existing prognoses,recent developments in ocular drug delivery systems and nanomedicines for children,and barriers to use for pediatric patients

关键词： Pediatric Ocular drug delivery Nanomedicine Drug administration Compliance

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Biology and architecture:An ongoing hybridization of scientific knowledge and design practice by six architectural offices in France

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2021年第2期10卷 240-262页

作者： natasha Chayaamor-Heil Louis Vitalis UMR MAP-MAACC CNRS National Architecture School of Paris La VilletteParisFrance

As a highly interdisciplinary field,architecture is being influenced by many subjects of natural and social *** despite being apparently distant from architecture is currently a scientific field blending into design practices,which have evolved and shifted towards a new hybrid *** this article,we present an emerging design field of what we categorize as biomimetic architecture pioneering by six architectural offices in *** observe the impact of scientific researches on design processes and practices through six case studies led by these offices,which can be seen through the actors who involved in various types of interdisciplinary collaborations,through the competencies of the architect himself,and through new sources of ideas coming from biological sciences and related *** propose to use a classification of theoretical uses in modeling practice to better understand the role that biological knowledge plays in architectural design ***,the result of this analysis shows that the use of biology taking place in a design space has external purposes,which transform it to produce engineering devices or urban schemes rather than architectural *** also shows that biology in architectural design induces other kinds of non-biological knowledge,is not strictly theoretical and could be obsolete or *** findings lead to an epistemological discussion concerning the confusion between biological,knowledge,and architectural design‘know-how’.

关键词： Biology Biomimetic architecture Architectural design Hybridization Design epistemology Research-practice

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Forcing biological sciences into architectural design: On conceptual confusions in the field of biomimetic architecture

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第2期11卷 179-190页

作者： Louis Vitalis natasha Chayaamor-Heil UMR MAP-MAACC CNRS National Architecture School of Paris La VilletteParisFrance

Certain confusion may be observed in the field of biomimetic architecture,as it emerges at the crossroad of two disciplinary domains:architectural design and biological *** biomimetics is defined as a science,once it is applied to architecture,biomimetic architecture should logically be defined as a science *** assertion collides with the nature of architectural design,which may rather be defined as a technology:its aim is to transform the world,not to explain *** the one hand,there is no obvious relationship between architecture and life *** the other hand,the biomimetic approach tends to redefine the concept of science itself by seeking to avoid the excesses of ***,existing applications of biomimetic design show that it is difficult to observe a genuine biomimetic architecture;most cases are closer to engineering component or urban planning and sometimes they involve little or no life *** aim of this paper is to describe this conceptual confusion through two movements called“forcings”,occurring between design and *** forcings are conceptualised as shifts between constructed scientific objects and given empirical ***,used in biology as in architecture,allow these shifts by virtue of their double *** are both tools for knowledge and for design,thus they may be conceptually forced into what they are not supposed to be,particularly in the field of biomimetic architecture where design process and scientific knowledge are said to meet.

关键词： Biomimetic architecture Architectural design Epistemology Design with biology Modeling theory

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Identification and Preliminary Characterization of a New Chemical Affecting Glucosyltransferase Activities Involved in Plant Cell Wall Biosynthesis

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Molecular Plant 2008年第6期1卷 977-989页

作者： Olga Zabotina Erik Maim Georgia Drakakaki Vincent Bulone natasha Raikhel Institute for Integrative Genome Biology Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA92521 USA School of Biotechnology Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) AlbaNova University Center Stockholm SE-106 91 Sweden Present address: Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular Biology Iowa State University Ames IA 50014 USA

Chemical genetics as a part of chemical genomics is a powerful and fast developing approach to dissect biological processes that may be difficult to characterize using conventional genetics because of gene redundancy or lethality and, in the case of polysaccharide biosynthesis, plant flexibility. Polysaccharide synthetic enzymes are located in two main compartments--the Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane-and can be studied in vitro using membrane fractions. Here, we first developed a high-throughput assay that allowed the screening of a library of chemicals with a potential effect on glycosyltransferase activities. Out of the 4800 chemicals screened for their effect on Golgi glucosyltransferases, 66 compounds from the primary screen had an effect on carbohydrate biosynthesis. Ten of these compounds were confirmed to inhibit glucose incorporation after a second screen. One compound exhibiting a strong inhibition effect （ID 6240780 named chemical A） was selected and further studied. It reversibly inhibits the transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose by Golgi membranes, but activates the plasma membrane-bound callose synthase. The inhibition effect is dependent on the chemical structure of the compound, which does not affect endomembrane morphology of the plant cells, but causes changes in cell wall composition. Chemical A represents a novel drug with a great potential for the study of the mechanisms of Golgi and plasma membrane-bound glucosyltransferases.

关键词： cell walls callose synthase chemical screening and identification glycosyltransferase Golgi plasma membrane

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Endocytic Trafficking towards the Vacuole Plays a Key Role in the Auxin Receptor SCF^TIR-Independent Mechanism of Lateral Root Formation in A. thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2012年第6期5卷 1195-1209页

作者： Patricio Perez-Henrique natasha V. Raikhel Lorena Norambuena Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Chile Santiago Chile Millenium Nucleus in Plant Cell Biotechnology Chile Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

Plants＇ developmental plasticity plays a pivotal role in responding to environmental conditions. One of the most plastic plant organs is the root system. Different environmental stimuli such as nutrients and water deficiency may induce lateral root formation to compensate for a low level of water and/or nutrients. It has been shown that the hor- mone auxin tunes lateral root development and components for its signaling pathway have been identified. Using chemi- cal biology, we discovered an Arabidopsis thaliana lateral root formation mechanism that is independent of the auxin receptor SCFTM. The bioactive compound Sortin2 increased lateral root occurrence by acting upstream from the morpho- logical marker of lateral root primordium formation, the mitotic activity. The compound did not display auxin activity. At the cellular level, Sortin2 accelerated endosomal trafficking, resulting in increased trafficking of plasma membrane recy- cling proteins to the vacuole. Sortin2 affected Late endosome/PVC/MVB trafficking and morphology. Combining Sortin2 with well-known drugs showed that endocytic trafficking of Late E/PVC/MVB towards the vacuole is pivotal for Sortin2- induced SCFTm-independent lateral root initiation. Our results revealed a distinctive role for endosomal trafficking in the promotion of lateral root formation via a process that does not rely on the auxin receptor complex SCFTM.

关键词： lateral root development endocytic trafficking Sortin2 endosomes Arabidopsis.

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