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Animal Nutrition 2017年第1期3卷 25-32页

作者： Chake Keerqin Shu-Biao Wu Birger Svihus Robert Swick natalie Morgan Mingan Choct School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Broilers that have early access to feed have been shown to have enhanced immune system and gut development and heightened resilience against necrotic enteritis(NE). This study examined the effect of early feeding a high amino acid density diet on performance of broilers under a sub-clinical NE challenge model. Ross 308 broilers(n = 576) were assigned to a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 feeding regimes(feed access either within 6 h post-hatch or after 48 h post-hatch), 2 diets(control diet or the control diet with an additional 10% digestible amino acids [HAA]) and either presence or absence of NE challenge.Oral administrations of Eimeria species(d 9) and a field strain of Clostridium perfringens(d 14) were used to induce NE, Broiler performance was analysed at d 13.23.30 and 35, Intestinal lesion score and bacterial count were analysed on d 16. The NE challenge reduced overall bird performance and induced severe intestinal lesions, without causing notable mortality. At d 23 bird weight was significantly lower(P linical NE.

关键词： Early feeding Amino acid Necrotic enteritis Broiler chicken

Effect of arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides and arabinoxylans on net energy and nutrient utilization in broilers

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第1期5卷 56-62页

作者： natalie K.Morgan Chake Keerqin Andrew Wallace Shu-Biao Wu Mingan Choct University of New England School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England School of Science & Technology

Arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides(AXOS) are hydrolytic degradation products of arabinoxylans(AX) that can be fermented by the gut microbiota, thus potentially displaying prebiotic properties. This study examined the effects of AX and AXOS on net energy(NE) and nutrient utilization in broilers. Ross 308 broilers(n = 90, 30 birds per treatment) were fed wheat-soybean diets supplemented with pure AX, AXOS produced by exposing the AX to xylanase in vitro(AXOS), or AX with xylanase(AX + E) from d 10 to 21.Performance parameters were measured from d 10 to 21. On d 15, 10 birds per treatment were allocated to closed-circuit net energy chambers to assess the impact of AX and AXOS on dietary energy utilization,through assessment of both metabolisable energy(ME) and NE. Ileal and caecal digesta samples were collected on d 21 to determine the effect of AX and AXOS on ileal and total tract dry matter digestibility,ileal digestible energy, digesta pH, short chain fatty acids(SCFA) and microbiota concentration. Feed conversion ratio was numerically the lowest in birds fed the diet supplemented with AXOS, which is 1.26 compared to 1.37 and 1.30 for AX and AX + E, respectively. Ileal dry matter digestibility was higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX(P = 0.047). Ileal digestible energy and total tract dry matter digestibility were higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX or AX + E(P = 0.004 and P = 0.001,respectively). Birds fed AXOS had higher ME intake(P = 0.049) and nitrogen retention(P = 0.001) and a strong trend of higher NE(P = 0.056), NE intake(P = 0.057) and retained energy(P = 0.054) compared to those fed AX. Ileal total SCFA, lactic and formic acid concentrations were higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX(P = 0.011, P = 0.012 and P = 0.023, respectively). Birds fed AXOS or AX + E had higher caecal total SCFA, acetic, butyric and isovaleric acid concentrations compared to those fed AX(P = 0.001,P = 0.004, P = 0.016 and P = 0.008, respectively), and caecal propionic acid concentration was higher in birds fed AX + E

关键词： Arabinoxylan Oligosaccharides Xylanase Broilers Prebiotic

Chemical Hide and Seek: Nematode’s Journey to Its Plant Host

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Molecular Plant 2020年第4期13卷 541-543页

作者： natalie Hamada Henok Zemene Yimer Valerie M.Williamson Shahid Siddique Department of Entomology&Nematology University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA Department of Plant Pathology University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA

Plant-parasitic nematodes are among the most destructive plant pathogens,causing estimated damage of more than US$100 billion per year.An expert-based assessment of crop health listed nematodes as among the most damaging pests and pathogens in potato,soybean,and wheat crops(Savary et al.,2019).Most damage is caused by a small group of root-infecting sedentary endoparasitic nematodes including cyst nematodes and rootknot nematodes(RKNs).Second-stage juveniles(J2s)of plantparasitic nematodes hatch from eggs into the soil and localize to the roots of host plants.The success of these non-feeding J2s depends on their ability to locate and infect a suitable host.The attraction of plant-parasitic nematodes to the host root has been a subject of study for the past 80 years following the pioneering research that demonstrated the attraction of RKN specifically toward root tips(lindford,1939).Both volatile and soluble components in the rhizosphere have been shown to influence nematode movement.

关键词： soybean crops soil

Intriguing Origins of Protein Lysine Methylation:Influencing Cell Function Through Dynamic Methylation

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2019年第6期17卷 551-557页

作者： natalie Mezey William C.S.Cho Kyle K.Biggar Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology Carleton UniversityOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada Department of Clinical Oncology Queen Elizabeth HospitalKowloonHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Introduction“There is a kink(shoulder)on[the]Lys peak...”These words scribed in Richard P.Ambler’s laboratory notebook marked the discovery of protein methylation and a segue into a new field of scientific research[1].Initially,through ion-exchange chromatography and two-dimensional paper chromatography of the hydrolysate of Salmonella typhimurium flagellin,this“kink”was interpreted as a“new amino acid”,the e-Nmethyl-lysine(NML).This discovery,bolstered by a subsequent examination of purified NML,was the first glimpse of protein methylation in living cells[1].

关键词： Lys Intriguing Origins of Protein Lysine Methylation:Influencing Cell Function Through Dynamic Methylation

Comparative analysis of the biodiversity of fungal endophytes in insect-induced galls and surrounding foliar tissue

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Fungal Diversity 2014年第3期66卷 89-97页

作者： Sarah P.Lawson natalie Christian Patrick Abbot Department of Biological Sciences Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235USA Department of Biology Indiana University1001 E.3rd St.BloomingtonIN 47405-7005USA

Insect-induced galls are abnormal plant growths that can provide food and shelter to their inhabitants,resulting in stressed plant tissue that may alter the conditions for the colonization or proliferation of endophytic fungi.We investigated the effect gall formation has on fungal endophyte communities and diversity.Using three closely-related gallforming aphid species that specialize on poplars,we characterized fungal endophyte diversity in galls and surrounding petiole and leaf lamina tissue.A total of 516 fungal endophyte samples were isolated from 272 tissue samples(32 leaves,31 petioles,and 209 galls),resulting in 23 distinct morphotypes.Despite sharing a common host plant and often forming spatially contiguous galls,the endophyte profiles within the galls of each aphid species were distinct,not only from the galls of the other species,but also from surrounding plant tissue.These results suggest that insect galls can affect the composition of fungal endophyte species in plant tissues,by altering either the colonization or proliferation of their endophytic mycobiota.Likewise,fungal endophytes may be important in the ecology and evolution of insect galls.

关键词： Insect-induced galls Fungal endophytes Fungal endophyte-insect interactions Pemphigus aphids Poplar trees

Intra-arterial thrombolytics during endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke in the MR CLEAN Registry

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第1期8卷 17-25页

作者： Sabine L Collette Reinoud P H Bokkers Aryan Mazuri Geert J LycklamaàNijeholt Robert J van Oostenbrugge natalie E LeCouffe Faysal Benali Charles B L M Majoie Jan Cees de Groot Gert Jan R Luijckx Maarten Uyttenboogaart 无 Department of Radiology Medical Imaging CentreUniversity Medical Centre GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands Department of Radiology Haaglanden Medical CentreThe Haguethe Netherlands Department of Neurology Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht(CARIM)Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtthe Netherlands Department of Neurology Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamthe Netherlands Department of Radiology Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtthe Netherlands Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamthe Netherlands Department of Neurology University Medical Centre GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands On behalf of the MR CLEAN Registry investigators

Introduction The efficacy and safety of local intra-arterial(IA)thrombolytics during endovascular thrombectomy(EVT)for large-vessel occlusions is uncertain.We analysed how often IA thrombolytics were administered in the Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands(MR CLEAN)Registry,whether it was associated with improved functional outcome and assessed technical and safety outcomes compared with EVT without IA thrombolytics.Methods In this observational study,we included patients undergoing EVT for an acute ischaemic stroke in the anterior circulation from the MR CLEAN Registry(March 2014-November 2017).The primary endpoint was favourable functional outcome,defined as an modified Rankin Scale score≤2 at 90 days.Secondary endpoints were reperfusion status,early neurological recovery and symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage(sICH).Subgroup analyses for IA thrombolytics as primary versus adjuvant revascularisation attempt were performed.Results Of the 2263 included patients,95(4.2%)received IA thrombolytics during EVT.The IA thrombolytics administered were urokinase(median dose,250000 IU(IQR,193750-250000))or alteplase(median dose,20 mg(IQR,12-20)).No association was found between IA thrombolytics and favourable functional outcome(adjusted OR(aOR),1.16;95%CI 0.71 to 1.90).Successful reperfusion was less often observed in those patients treated with IA thrombolytics(aOR,0.57;95%CI 0.36 to 0.90).The odds of sICH(aOR,0.82;95%CI 0.32 to 2.10)and early neurological recovery were comparable between patients treated with and without IA thrombolytics.For primary and adjuvant revascularisation attempts,IA thrombolytics were more often administered for proximal than for distal occlusions.Functional outcomes were comparable for patients receiving IA thrombolytics as a primary versus adjuvant revascularisation attempt.Conclusion Local IA thrombolytics were rarely used in the MR CLEAN Registry.In the relatively small study sample,no statistical difference was observe

关键词： arterial throm acute

Neural stem cell-based in vitro bioassay for the assessment of neurotoxic potential of water samples

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第3期33卷 72-86页

作者： Muhammad Irfan Masood natalie Tamara Hauke Muhammad Jawad Nasim Muhammad Sarfraz Mahrukh Naseem Karl Herbert Schäfer Division of Bioorganic Chemistry School of PharmacySaarland UniversityD-66123 SaarbrückenGermany Applied Life Sciences University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern66482 ZweibrückenGermany ENS Group University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern66482 ZweibrückenGermany Abwasserverband Bergstrasse Altau 1069469 WeinheimGermany Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences54000 LahorePakistan Department of Zoology University of BalochistanQuetta 87550Pakistan

Intensive agriculture activities,industrialization and growing numbers of wastewater treatment plants along river banks collectively contribute to the elevated levels of neurotoxic pollutants in natural water reservoirs across Europe.We established an in vitro bioassay based upon neural stem cells isolated from the subventricular zone of the postnatal mouse to evaluate the neurotoxic potential of raw wastewater,treated sewage effluent,groundwater and drinking water.The toxic potential of water samples was evaluated employing viability,proliferation,differentiation and migration assays.We found that raw wastewater could reduce the viability and proliferation of neural stem cells,and decreased the neuronal and astrocyte differentiation,neuronal neurite growth,astrocyte growth and cell migration.Treated sewage water also showed inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and migration.Our results indicated that relatively high concentrations of nitrogenous substances,pesticides,mercuric compounds,bisphenol-A,and phthalates,along with some other pollutants in raw wastewater and treated sewage water,might be the reason for the neuroinhibitory effects of these water samples.Our model successfully predicted the neurotoxicity of water samples collected from different sources and also revealed that the incomplete removal of contaminants from wastewater can be problematic for the developing nervous system.The presented data also provides strong evidence that more effective treatments should be used to minimize the contamination of water before release into major water bodies which may be considered as water reservoirs for human usage in the future.

关键词： Neural stem cells Subventricular zone Neurotoxicity Bioassay Treated sewage effluents Pesticides

The impact of perioperative blood transfusions on short-term outcomes following hepatectomy

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2018年第1期7卷 1-10页

作者： Julie Hallet Alyson L.Mahar Avery B.Nathens Melanie E.Tsang Kaitlyn A.Beyfuss Yulia lin natalie G.Coburn Paul J.Karanicolas Division of General Surgery Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoONCanada Department of Surgery University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Department of Public Health Sciences Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada Division of Clinical Pathology Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoONCanada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Background:Bleeding and need for red blood cell transfusions(RBCT)remain a significant concern with hepatectomy.RBCT carry risk of transfusion-related immunomodulation that may impact post-operative recovery.This study soughs to assess the association between RBCT and post-hepatectomy morbidity.Methods:Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program(ACS-NSQIP)registry,we identified all adult patients undergoing elective hepatectomy over 2007–2012.Two exposure groups were created based on RBCT.Primary outcomes were 30-day major morbidity and mortality.Secondary outcomes included 30-day system-specific morbidity and length of stay(LOS).Relative risks(RR)with 95%confidence interval(95%CI)were computed using regression analyses.Sensitivity analyses were conducted to understand how missing data might have impacted the results.Results:A total of 12,180 patients were identified.Of those,11,712 met inclusion criteria,2,951(25.2%)of whom received RBCT.Major morbidity occurred in 14.9%of patients and was strongly associated with RBCT(25.3%vs.11.3%;Pline and clinical characteristics,RBCT was independently associated with increased major morbidity(RR 1.80;95%CI:1.61–1.99),mortality(RR 3.62;95%CI:2.68–4.89),and 1.29 times greater LOS(RR 1.29;95%CI:1.25–1.32).Results were robust to a number of sensitivity analyses for missing data.Conclusions:Perioperative RBCT for hepatectomy was independently associated with worse short-term outcomes and prolonged LOS.These findings further the rationale to focus on minimizing RBCT for hepatectomy,when they can be avoided.

关键词： Transfusion blood bleeding red blood cells liver hepatectomy

The impact of vitamin D deficiency on neurogenesis in the adult brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第3期12卷 393-394页

作者： natalie J.Groves Thomas H.J.Burne Queensland Brain Institute The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaAustralia Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research The Park Centrefor Mental HealthWacolAustralia

There is increasing evidence from epidemiological studies indicating that vitamin D deficiency during adulthood is associated with adverse brain outcomes in humans（Ginde et al.,2009）and rodents（Groves et al.,2014）... 详细信息

关键词： The impact of vitamin D deficiency on neurogenesis in the adult brain GAD

Multi-carbohydrase enzymes improve feed energy in broiler diets containing standard or low crude protein

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第2期7卷 496-505页

作者： Sosthene Musigwa natalie Morgan Robert A.Swick Pierre Cozannet Sarbast K.Kheravii Shu-Biao Wu School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia Adisseo France SAS 92160AntonyFrance

This study evaluated the effect of multi-carbohydrase(MC)on energy and nitrogen(N)balance and gene expression in broilers fed diets with different crude protein(CP)contents.The study employed a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments.The factors were presence or absence of MC,and standard(SCP)or low(LCP)dietary CP concentration.A 3-phase feeding program was used,including starter(0 to 7 d),grower(8 to 17 d)and finisher(18 to 28 d)phases.The study was undertaken in closed calorimetry chambers.Each of the 4 dietary treatments was replicated 8 times in total across 2 runs,with 2 birds per replicate(n=64).Data for energy partitioning and N balance were collected from d 25 to 28.On d 28,birds were euthanized to collect muscle and intestinal tissue samples for gene expression.The results showed that the MC increased apparent metabolizable energy(AME,P<0.01)and net energy(NE,P<0.05),and reduced the feed conversion ratio(FCR,P<0.01)in all diets.The proportion of energy retained as fat per total energy retention(REf/RE)was positively correlated with feed AME and NE(r=0.541,P<0.01 and r=0.665,P<0.001,respectively),suggesting that feed energy augmented with increased fat gain.Muscle ATP synthase subunit alpha(ATPSA1W)gene expression had a positive cor-relation with REf/RE and feed NE(r=0.587,P<0.001 and r=0.430,P<0.05,respectively).Similarly,muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha(PGC-1A)expression was negatively correlated with weight gain and positively correlated with FCR(r-0.451,P<0.05 and r-0.359,P<0.05,respectively).These correlations show that over-expressions of muscle genes related to energy production reduce bird performance.This study demonstrated that MC increase dietary energy utilization,regardless of dietary CP concentration.However,the energy released by the enzymes in-creases feed energy-to-CP ratio,meaning there is excess energy that is then deposited as body fat.This suggests that supplemental MC in broiler feeds is beneficial if diets are formulated to contain marginal

关键词： Apparent metabolizable energy Net energy Nitrogen efficiency Gene expression Energy-to-protein ratio