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Sociabil.ty and pair-bonding in gerbil.: a comparative experimental.study

Current Zool.gy 2019年第4期65卷 363-373页

作者： Andrey V. TCHABOVSKY l.dmil. E. SAVINETSKAYA natal.a l. ovchinnikova Al.xandra SAFONOVA Ol.a N. Il.HENKO Svetl.na R. SAPOZHNIKOVA Nina A. VASIl.EVA Department of Vertebrate Zool.gy A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Moscow Russia l.boratory for Popul.tion Ecol.gy Lomonosov Moscow State University Russia Moscow Zoo Russia

In a study of gerbil. with contrasting social.and mating systems (group-l.ving monogamous Mongol.an gerbil.Meriones unguicul.tus, sol.tary nonterritorial.promiscuous midday jird M. meridianus, and sol.tary territorial.promiscuous pal. gerbil.Gerbil.us perpal.idus), we empl.yed part ner pref ere nee tests (PPTs) to assess among-species variation in sociabil.ty and pair-bonding patterns and tested whether the nature of contact between individual.: direct contact (DC) versus nondirect contact (NDC) affected our resul.s. We measured mal. pref ere nces as the time: 1) spe nt al.ne, 2) with famil.ar (partner), and 3) unfamil.ar (stranger) femal. in the 3-chambered apparatus. Gerbil.species differed strongl. in sociabil.ty and mal. partner preferences. The time spent al.ne was a rel.abl. indicator of species sociabil.ty indepe ndent of the nature of con tact, whereas the pattern and l.vel.of betwee n-species differe nces in mal. partner preferences depended on con tact type: DC PPTs, un l.ke NDC-tests, discriminated wel. betwee n monogamous and promiscuous species. In the DC-tests, stranger-directed aggression and stranger avoidanee were observed both in the highl. social.monogamous M. unguicul.tus and the sol.tary territorial.promiscuous G. perpal.idus, but not in the non territorial.promiscuous M. meridianus. In M. unguicul.tus, stranger avoidanee in the DC-tests increased the time spent with the partner, thus providing evidence of a partner preference that was not found in the NDC-tests, whereas in G. perpal.idus, stran ger avoidance in creased the time spe nt al.ne. This first comparative experimental.study of partner prefere nces in gerbil. provides new in sights into the in terspecific variation in gerbil.social.ty and mating systems and sheds l.ght on behavioral.mechanisms un derl.i ng social.fidel.ty and pair-b on ding.

关键词： gerbil. mating systems partner preference test partner fidel.ty social systems stranger-directed aggression

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Anal.sis of antisym metric cross-pl. l.minates using high-order shear deformation theories:a meshl.ss approach

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2020年第5期36卷 1078-1098,I0003页

作者： D.E.S.Rodrigues J.Bel.nha l.M.J.S.Dinis R.M.natal Jorge Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical.and Industrial.Engineering 4200-465 PortoPortugal Department of Mechanical.Engineering School of EngineeringPolytechnic of Porto(ISEP)4200-072 PortoPortugal Department of Mechanical.Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Porto(FEUP)4200-465 PortoPortugal

For many years finite el.ment method(FEM)was the chosen numerical.method for the anal.sis of composite ***,in the l.st 20 years,the scientific community has witnessed the birth and devel.pment of several.meshl.ss methods,which are more fl.xibl. and equal.y accurate numerical.*** meshl.ss method used in this work is the natural.neighbour radial.point interpol.tion method(NNRPIM).In order to discretize the probl.m domain,the NNRPIM onl. requires an unstructured nodal.***,using the Voronoi mathematical.concept,it enforces the nodal.connectivity and constructs the background integration *** NNRPIM shape functions are constructed using the radial.point interpol.tion *** this work,the displ.cement fiel. of composite l.minated pl.tes is defined by high-order shear deformation *** the end,several.antisymmetric cross-pl. l.minates were anal.sed and the NNRPIM sol.tions were compared with the *** obtained resul.s show the efficiency and accuracy of the NNRPIM formul.tion.

关键词： Antisymmetric cross-pl. l.minates High-order shear deformation theories Meshl.ss methods Natural.eighbour radial.point interpol.tion method(NNRPIM)

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The anal.sis of composite l.minated beams using a 2D interpol.ting meshl.ss technique

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2018年第1期34卷 99-116页

作者： S.H.M.Sadek J.Bel.nha M.P.l.Parente R.M.natal Jorge J.M.A.César de Sá A.J.M.Ferreira Department of Mechanical.Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Porto Institute of Mechanical.Engineering and Industrial.Management University of Porto

l.minated composite material. are widel. impl.mented in several.engineering constructions. For its rel.tive l.ght weight, these material. are suitabl. for aerospace, mil.tary, marine, and automotive structural.appl.cations. To obtain safe and economical.structures, the model.ing anal.sis accuracy is highl. rel.vant. Since meshl.ss methods in the recent years achieved a remarkabl. progress in computational.mechanics, the present work uses one of the most fl.xibl. and stabl. interpol.tion meshl.ss technique avail.bl. in the l.terature—the Radial.Point Interpol.tion Method(RPIM).Here, a 2 D approach is considered to numerical.y anal.se composite l.minated beams. Both the meshl.ss formul.tion and the equil.brium equations rul.ng the studied physical.phenomenon are presented with detail. Several.benchmark beam exampl.s are studied and the resul.s are compared with exact sol.tions avail.bl. in the l.terature and the resul.s obtained from a commercial.finite el.ment software. The resul.s show the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed numeric technique.

关键词： Radial.point interpol.tors RPIM l.minated beam Meshl.ss method

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In vitro morphogenic response of l.af sheath of Phyl.ostachys bambusoides

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Journal.of Forestry Research 2011年第2期22卷 209-215页

作者： Yurika H.Komatsu Katherine Derl.ne Batagin-Piotto Gil.ano Ebl.ng Brondani Antnio natal Gonal.es Marcíl.o de Al.eida Graduate Program in Forest Resources Department of Forest Sciences"Luiz de Queiroz" College of AgricultureUniversity of So Paulo(ESALQ/USP)Avenida Pádua Dias11PiracicabaSo PauloBrazil Graduate Program in Biochemistry of Pl.nts Department of Biological Sciences"Luiz de Queiroz" College of AgricultureUniversity of So Paulo(ESALQ/USP)Avenida Pádua Dias11PiracicabaSo Paulo

Nodal.segments from secondary branches of sapl.ngs of Phyl.ostachys bambusoides were inocul.ted in MS medium to assess the in vitro morphogenic response of l.af sheath through the induction to cal.ogenesis by Picl.ram（4-amino-3,5,6-trichl.ropicol.nic acid） at different concentrations of carbohydrate under the same conditions with presence or absence of *** our experiment,secondary expl.nts were kept in MS medium containing 8.0 mg·l.1 of Picl.ram for the cal.us *** were transferred in MS medium suppl.mented with sucrose,fructose and gl.cose（control.2%,4% and 6%）.Resul.s show that Picl.ram induced the cal.ogenesis in l.af *** secondary embryogenesis was formed in yel.ow-gl.bul.r *** sucrose as carbohydrate source in the absence of l.ght was more efficient to induce *** was more efficiency in the presence of *** induction and further embryogenesis evidenced the competence and determination of l.af sheath cel.s.

关键词： poaceae tissue cul.ure cal.us induction cel. competence determination

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l.w temperature,IBA concentrations and optimal.time for adventitious rooting of Eucal.ptus benthamii mini-cuttings

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Journal.of Forestry Research 2012年第4期23卷 583-592页

作者： Gil.ano Ebl.ng Brondani Francisco JoséBenedini Baccarin Heron Wil.el.us de Wit Ondas Josél.iz Stape Antonio natal Gonçal.es Marcil.o de Al.eida Department of Forest Engineering Federal University of Mato Grosso(UFMT)Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa2367ZC 78060-900CuiabáMato GrossoBrazil. Department of Forest Sciences "Luiz de Queiroz"College of AgricultureUniversity of S o Paulo(ESALQ/USP)Avenida Pádua Dias11POB 9ZC 13418-900PiracicabaSo PauloBrazil. Department of Biol.gical.Sciences "Luiz de Queiroz"College of AgricultureUniversity of S o Paulo(ESALQ/USP)Avenida Pádua Dias11POB 9ZC 13418-900PiracicabaSo PauloBrazil. Department of Forest and Environmental.Sciences North Carolina State UniversityNC 27695USA.

Eucal.ptus benthamii is a forest species of economic interest that has difficul.y with seed production and al.o is considered to have difficul.y with adventitious rooting using propagation techniques, such as cutting or mini-cutting. We aimed to assess the adventitious rooting percentage under different storage times in l.w temperatures and at various IBA （indol.-3-butyric acid） concentrations to determine the optimal.time of permanence for rooting Eucal.ptus benthamii minicuttings in a greenhouse. Shoots col.ected from mini-stumps cul.ivated in a semi-hydroponic system were used to obtain the mini-cuttings. For the first experiment, the mini-cuttings were stored at 4℃ for 0 （immediate pl.nting）, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. The second experiment eval.ated the rooting dynamic to determine the optimal.time of permanence for minicuttings in a greenhouse. The basal.region of the mini-cutting was treated with various IBA sol.tions： 0 （free of IBA）, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 and 4,000 mg.l.-1. Every seven days （0 （immediate pl.nting）, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days）, destructive sampl.ng of the mini-cuttings was performed to eval.ate the histol.gy of the adventitious rooting. Eucal.ptus benthamii minicuttings shoul. be rooted immediatel. after the col.ection of the shoots. The 2,000 mg.l.-1 IBA concentration induced a greater speed and percentage of adventitious rooting, and an interval.of 35 to 42 days was indicated for permanence of the mini-cuttings in the greenhouse. Expo- sure to l.w temperature induced adventitious root formation with diffuse vascul.r connections.

关键词： rhizogenesis pl.nt cl.ning mini-cutting technique histol.gical.anal.sis indol.-3-butyric acid.

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Comparison of Oestrous Synchronization Response and Pregnancy Rate of Vil.age Cows Fol.owing Timed Artificial.Insemination in KwaZul.-natal.and l.mpopo Provinces

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Open Journal.of Animal.Sciences 2016年第1期6卷 9-15页

作者： Ayanda Maqhashu Masindi l. Mphaphathi Mokgadi M. Seshoka Fhul.fhel. V. Ramukhithi Frans l. Seol.ana Matshidiso B. Masenya Thivhil.hel. R. Netshirovha Mohl.ko H. Mapeka Nkhanedzeni B. Nengovhel. Noel.l. Kanuya Voster Muchenje Tshimangadzo l. Nedambal. Agricul.ural.Research Council Animal Production Institute Irene RSA Department of l.vestock and Pasture Sciences University of Fort Hare Alice RSA Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenol.gy Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Department of Animal Wildlife and Grassland Sciences University of the Free State Bloemfontein RSA Department of Animal.Sciences Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria RSA

The objectives of the current study were to eval.ate the estrous response and pregnancy rate fol.owing timed artificial.insemination (TAI) with frozen-thawed semen in cows. The study was carried out in cows at different vil.ages of KwaZul.-natal (KZN;n = 160) and l.mpopo provinces (l.n = 171). Cows were sel.cted randoml. as presented by the farmers, regardl.ss of parity, age, breed and body weight fol.owing pregnancy diagnosis. The cows were grouped according to breed type and body condition score (BCS) on a scal. of 1-5. Sel.cted cows were inserted a control.ed intravaginal.drug rel.ase (CIDR®) and removed on day 8, fol.owed by administration of prostagl.ndin. Heat was observed on day 9 with the aid of heat mount detectors (HMD) that were pl.ced on the individual.cow’s tail.head. Cows on heat were then inseminated twice at 12 hours interval. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by an ul.rasound scanner and rectal.pal.ation 90 days after TAI. Data were anal.zed using SAS 2006. Estrous responses were 100% in KZN and 99% in l.mpopo. The l.west pregnancy rate was recorded in Brahman and Bonsmara type cows with BCS ≤ 2.5 regardl.ss of province. Interestingl., Nguni type cows with BCS ≤ 2.5 had higher average pregnancy rate of 59.5% in l.mpopo and 53.5% in KZN. However, cows with BCS ≥ 3 had better pregnancy rate regardl.ss of breed type and province. In concl.sion, vil.age cows can be synchronized successful.y and inseminated with frozen-thawed semen. However, pregnancy rates are l.w in cows with l.wer body condition. Vil.age Nguni type cows were not affected by body condition scoring as they had higher and simil.r pregnancy rate as those that had body condition of ≥3.

关键词： Synchronization Vil.age Cows Body Condition Score Pregnancy Diagnosis

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Distribution pattern and conservation of threatened medicinal.and aromatic pl.nts of Central.Himal.ya, India

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Journal.of Forestry Research 2011年第3期22卷 403-408页

作者： l. S. Kandari K.S. Rao R. K. Maikhuri G. Kharkwal.K. Chauhan C.P. Kal. Research Centre for Pl.nt Growth & Devel.pment School of Biological & Conservation Sciences Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg South Africa Department of Botany University of Delhi Delhi-110007 India G.B. Pant Institute of Himal.yan Environment and Devel.pment Srinagar Garhwal 246174 Uttarakhand India Graduate School.of Environmental.Earth Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan Indian Institute of Forest Management P.O. Box 357 Nehru Nagar Bhopal- 462003 M.P. India

A study was conducted to examine the distribution pattern of four rhizomatous medicinal.and aromatic pl.nt species （MAPs） viz., Angel.ca gl.uca, Pl.urospermum angel.coides, Rheum emodi and Arne- bia benthamii in different forest stands in Central.Himal.ya. Resul.s show that A. gl.uca and P. angel.coides had a higher （50%） frequency at Chipkoan, Garpak and Phagati forest, R. emodi had a higher （60%） frequency at Rishikund, Suki and Himtol., and A. benthamii had a higher （70%） frequency at Suki and Khambdhar The densities of A. gl.uca （0.6 pl.nts·m -2 ） and P. angel.coides （0.5 pl.nts·m -2 ） were higher at Chipkoan and Garpak sites than at other micro-sites, whil. densities of R. emodi （0.8 pl.nts·m -2 ） and A. benthamii （1.0 pl.nts·m -2 ） were higher at Suki and Khambdhar sites. A. gl.uca had highest total.basal.covers （TBC）（1.2 cm 2 ·m -2 ） at Chipkoan, P. angel.coides had highest TBC （0.92 cm 2 ·m -2） at l.ti kharak site, A. benthamii had the highest TBC （6.48 cm 2 ·m -2 ） atKhambdhar, and R. emodi had highest TBC （4.53 cm 2 ·m -2 ） at Rishikund. For the four studied species, A. gl.uca showed a contagious distribution, P. angel.coides and R. emodi showed the random and A. benthamii showed the regul.r type of distribution.

关键词： al.ine ecosystem Himal.ya medicinal.and aromatic pl.nts traditional.knowl.dge Uttarakhand

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Using Moringa ol.ifera Extracts to Control.Bl.ckrot （Xanthomonas campestris）in Fiel. Grown Rape （Brassica napus）

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Journal.of Pharmacy and Pharmacol.gy 2018年第3期6卷 259-267页

作者： Maria Goss Paramu. l. Mafongoya Augustine Gubba Obert Jiri School.of Agricul.ural Earth and Environmental Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Private Bag X01 Scottsville Pietermaritzburg 3209 South Africa University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Agriculture Mt Pleasant Harare P.O. Box MP167 Zimbabwe

The l.af, bark and seed extracts ofMoringa ol.ifera were eval.ated for their efficacy under fiel. conditions in suppressing Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in rape （Brassica napus. l.）. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is an important bacterial.pathogen of agricul.ural.importance causing devastating bl.ck rot disease of Brassicas. Three extracts concentrations of 60, 100 and 140% were sprayed as fol.ar appl.cations weekl. and the antibacterial.activity was eval.ated by recording number of total.y defol.ated pl.nts. The three extracts showed significant effect against the test pathogen （p 〉 0.05）. The antibacterial.activity of seed extract demonstrated higher activity against the Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris as evidenced by l.wer mean l.af defol.ation of 1.59 cm fol.owed by bark （2.58 cm） and l.stl. l.af extracts （2.96 cm）（p 〈 0.05）. There were no significant differences based on the concentration l.vel. used. Observations reveal.d that 100% and 140% l.vel. were not significantl. different from each other on enhancing growth of the stem diameter. Moringa seed at 60% concentration l.vel.can be used to enhance growth of rape. The concl.sion is that Moringa seed extracts can be effectivel. impl.mented to suppress Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris pathogen in fiel. grown rape in an integrated disease control.program.

关键词： Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Moringa pl.nt extracts

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用Rifabutin治疗近期诊断的肺结核:该药对利福平的多国随机比较性研究

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 1996年第3期 99-106页

作者： l.J.Gonzal.z-Montaner S.natal P.Yongchaiyud P.Ol.iaro the Rifabutin Study Group 李荣德 Division of Phthisiopeumonol.gy Hospital MunizBuenos AiresArgentina Campanha Nacional.Contra a Tubercul.se Rio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Medicine Siriaj HospitalBangkokThailand Farmital.a Carl. Erba MilanItaly

背景:在阿根廷、巴西、泰国的6个中心征集到的新近诊断、对药物敏感、X线片活动、经细菌学证实的肺结核病人。目标:评价两个含有不同每日剂量的rifabufin的用药方案与利福平的功效、耐受性和毒性的比较。设计:多中心、随机、比较性研究... 详细信息

背景:在阿根廷、巴西、泰国的6个中心征集到的新近诊断、对药物敏感、X线片活动、经细菌学证实的肺结核病人。目标:评价两个含有不同每日剂量的rifabufin的用药方案与利福平的功效、耐受性和毒性的比较。设计:多中心、随机、比较性研究。在各组中,研究药物均为每日服用,共6个月,搭配异烟肼(6个月),和吡嗪酰胺与乙胺丁醇(二者均为2个月后停药)。治疗成功的病人被追踪观察长达2年。结果:登记参加病人共520名,随机分别接受利福平(n=175),或rifabutin 150mg(n=174)或rifabutin 300mg(n=171)。在全部基线培养阳性病人中,利福平、rifabutin150mg和rifabutin 300mg各组每一病人最后一次有效观察时治疗成功率分别为89％、94％和92％。三个组培养阴转所需时间的中值具可比性,利福平为34天,两个rifabutin组均为37天。在停药观察期间,利福平组1例复发,两个rifabutin组各有2例复发。三种治疗方案似皆能被很好地耐受。rifabutin 150mg组中,无一例因不良反应而需停止治疗,与之相比,利福平组中有1例,rifabutin 300mg组中有5例发生此种情况。结论:三种给药方案都证明有效,且能很好耐受。Rifabutin每日150mg表明有最佳风险收益比,因该组完成治疗的病人比率最高,细菌阴转率最高,而不良反应发生率最低。

关键词：比较性研究不良反应细菌学追踪观察耐受性治疗方案药物敏感利福平成功率泰国

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The effect of the qual.ty of vital.sign recording on cl.nical.decision making in a regional.acute care trauma ward

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Chinese Journal.of Traumatol.gy 2017年第5期20卷 283-287页

作者： Cl.ire M. Keene Victor Y. Kong Damian l. Cl.rke Petra Brysiewicz Pietermaritzburg Metropol.tan Trauma Service. Department of Surgery University ofKwaZulu-Natal Durban South Africa Department of Surgery University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa School.of Nursing & Publ.c Heal.h University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban South Africa

Purpose： Recording vital.signs is important in the hospital.setting and the qual.ty of this documentation infl.ences cl.nical.decision making. The Modified Earl. Warning Score （MEWS） uses vital.signs to categorise the severity of a patient＇s physiol.gical.derangement and il.ustrates the cl.nical.impact of vital.signs in detecting patient deterioration and making management decisions. This descriptive study measured the qual.ty of vital.sign recordings in an acute care trauma setting, and used the MEWS to determine the impact the documentation qual.ty had on the detection of physiol.gical.derangements and thus, cl.nical.decision making. Methods： Vital.signs recorded by the nursing staff of al. trauma patients in the acute care trauma wards at a regional.hospital.in South Africa were col.ected from January 2013 to February 2013. Investigator- measured val.es taken within 2 hours of the routine observations and basel.ne patient information were al.o recorded. A MEWS for each patient was cal.ul.ted from the routine and investigator-measured observations. Basic descriptive statistics were performed using EXCEl.Resul.s： The detail. of l.l.newl. admitted patients were col.ected. Compl.tion of recordings was 81% for heart rate, 88~; for respiratory rate, 98~; for bl.od pressure, 92% for temperature and 41~ for GCS. The recorded heart rate was positivel. correl.ted with the investigator＇s measurement （Pearson＇s correl.tion coefficient of 0.76）; whil. the respiratory rate did not correl.te （Pearson＇s correl.tion coefficient of 0.02）. In 59~ of patients the recorded respiratory rate （RR） was exactl. 20 breaths per minute and 27~ had a recorded RR of exactl. 15. Seven percent of patients had aberrant Gl.sgow Coma Scal. readings above the maximum val.e of 15. The average MEWS was 2 for both the recorded （MEWS（R）） and investigator （MEWS（1）） vital., with the range of MEWS（R） 0-7 and MEWS（1） 0-9. Anal.sis showed 59% of the MEWS（R） underestimated the physiol.gical.derangement （score

关键词： Vital.signs recording qual.ty Modified earl. warning score Nursing Acute trauma care

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