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A Multi-Stream Scrambling and DNA Encoding Method Based Image Encryption

Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第11期47卷 1321-1347页

作者： nashat salih abdulkarim alsandi Dilovan Asaad Zebari Adel Al-Zebari Falah Y.H.Ahmed Mazin Abed Mohammed Marwan Albahar Abdulaziz Ali Albahr Information Technology Duhok Private Technical InstituteDuhokIraq Department of Computer Science College of ScienceNawroz UniversityDuhok42001Iraq Department of Information Technology Technical College of Informatics AkreDuhok Polytechnic UniversityDuhokIraq Faculty of Computing and Information Technology Sohar UniversityOman College of Computer Science and Information Technology University of AnbarAnbar31001Iraq Department of Science Umm Al Qura UniversityP.O.Box 715MeccaSaudi Arabia College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesAl Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia King Abdullah International Medical Research Center Al-Ahsa36276Saudi Arabia

Information security has emerged as a key problem in encryption because of the rapid evolution of the internet and ***,the progress of image encryption techniques is becoming an increasingly serious issue and considerable *** space of the key,encryption-based low confidentiality,low key sensitivity,and easily exploitable existing image encryption techniques integrating chaotic system and DNA computing are purposing the main problems to propose a new encryption technique in this *** our proposed scheme,a three-dimensional Chen’s map and a one-dimensional Logistic map are employed to construct a double-layer image encryption *** the confusion stage,different scrambling operations related to the original plain image pixels are designed using Chen’s map.A stream pixel scrambling operation related to the plain image is ***,a block scrambling-based image encryption-related stream pixel scrambled image is *** the diffusion stage,two rounds of pixel diffusion are generated related to the confusing image for intra-image ***’s map,logistic map,and DNA computing are employed to construct diffusion operations.A reverse complementary rule is applied to obtain a new form of DNA.A Chen’s map is used to produce a pseudorandom DNA sequence,and then another DNA form is constructed from a reverse pseudorandom DNA ***,the XOR operation is performed multiple times to obtain the encrypted *** to the simulation of experiments and security analysis,this approach extends the key space,has great sensitivity,and is able to withstand various typical *** adequate encryption effect is achieved by the proposed algorithm,which can simultaneously decrease the correlation between adjacent pixels by making it near zero,also the information entropy is *** number of pixels changing rate(NPCR)and the unified average change intensity(UACI)both are very near to optimal values.

关键词： Grayscale image encryption stream scrambling-confusion DNA encoding XOR operation chaotic systems

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TRPM7 Kinase Domain is Part of the Rac1-SSH2-cofilin Complex Regulating F-actin in the Mouse Nervous System

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第6期39卷 989-993页

作者： Junzhuang Chang Cui Chen Wei Li nashat Abumaria State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceInstitutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200032China

Dear Editor,The ion channel transient receptor potential melastatin-like 7(TRPM7)has a serine-threonineα-kinase domain(M7CK)on its intracellular C-terminal[1,2].In cell lines,M7CK is cleaved and translocated to the nucleus to regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell proliferation and survival[3].In neuroblastoma cells.

关键词： Rac1 SSH2 neuroblastoma

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Characteristic Features of Deep Brain Lymphatic Vessels and Their Regulation by Chronic Stress

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Research 2023年第4期2023卷 657-670页

作者： Junzhuang Chang Bingqing Guo Yan Gao Wei Li Xiaoyu Tong Yi Feng nashat Abumaria State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology School of Basic Medical SciencesInstitutes of Brain ScienceBrain Science Collaborative Innovation CenterState Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyInstitute of Acupuncture and MoxibustionFudan Institutes of Integrative MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Studies have demonstrated that a functional network of meningeal lymphatic vessels exists in the ***,it is unknown whether lymphatic vessels could also extend deep into the brain parenchyma and whether the vessels could be regulated by stressful life *** used tissue clearing techniques,immunostaining,light-sheet whole-brain imaging,confocal imaging in thick brain sections and flow cytometry to demonstrate the existence of lymphatic vessels deep in the brain *** unpredictable mild stress or chronic corticosterone treatment was used to examine the regulation of brain lymphatic vessels by stressful *** blotting and coimmunoprecipitation were used to provide mechanistic *** demonstrated the existence of lymphatic vessels deep in the brain parenchyma and characterized their features in the cortex,cerebellum,hippocampus,midbrain,and ***,we showed that deep brain lymphatic vessels can be regulated by stressful life *** stress reduced the length and areas of lymphatic vessels in the hippocampus and thalamus but increased the diameter of lymphatic vessels in the *** changes were observed in prefrontal cortex,lateral habenula,or dorsal raphe *** corticosterone treatment reduced lymphatic endothelial cell markers in the ***,chronic stress might reduce hippocampal lymphatic vessels by down-regulating vascular endothelial growth factor C receptors and up-regulating vascular endothelial growth factor C neutralization *** results provide new insights into the characteristic features of deep brain lymphatic vessels,as well as their regulation by stressful life events.

关键词： insight stress Deep

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Individual Differences in Learning Rate and Fear Response Predict Fear Memory and Recovery in Mice and Human Subjects

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2020年第7期36卷 815-820页

作者： Yan Gao Wei Li Bo Sui nashat Abumaria State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Laboratory Animal Science Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Dear Editor,Following an emotionally intensive and fearful traumatic event,some individuals develop anxiety disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)[1].Cognitive therapy is used as an effective therapy to suppress fearful and/or traumatic memories;however,it fails in almost half of the anxious patients,resulting in the return of fearful memories [2].

关键词： traumatic therapy return

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Individual differences in fear learning rates predict the retrieval and extinction efficacy of fear: from mice to human

Individual differences in fear learning rates predict the re...

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中国神经科学学会第十二届全国学术会议

作者： Yan Gao Wei Li nashat Abumaria Institutes of Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science School of Medicine Fudan University Department of Laboratory Animal Science School of Medicine Fudan University

Objective Exposure to traumatic fearful events leads to the development of anxiety disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder（PTSD）. However, many studies have shown that only a minority of trauma-exposed individuals develop PTSD. Furthermore, those who develop PTSD some of them do not respond to the cognitive therapy. Little is known about the nature and causes of fear vulnerability and resilience. The aim of the present study is to create a mathematical or computational model to predict who might develop strong fearful memories and may not respond to extinction therapy. Methods We used Pavlovian fear conditioning and fear extinction paradigms in mice as PTSD and cognitive therapy models. We modified three important formulae（Rescorla-Wagner, Temporal-difference and Hebb） of learning and used them to calculate the learning rates of fear and extinction. We used the calculated learning rates as parameters to predict fear memory and efficacy of extinction. Furthermore, we tested our mathematical models in data obtained from human subjects exposed to fear conditioning, extinction and retention of extinction（Hartley et al, 2012;2015.）. Results Fear learning constant（S） positively correlated with the level of fear memory following conditioning. Meanwhile, it negatively correlated with the extinction learning rates and the retention of extinction tested later on in mice and in human subjects. Conclusion We propose that fear learning constant, calculated according to Hebb Model or RescorlaWagner Model, could help in predicting the fear memory strength and the efficacy of subsequent cognitive-like therapy in experimental animals and in human subjects. This method might be useful in predicting human subjects who might be vulnerable for developing PTSD and/or predicting those who might be resistant to cognitive therapy.

关键词： Fear conditioning Extinction Memory Prediction

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International examples of primary care COVID-19 preparedness and response:a comparison of four countries

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2022年第2期10卷 59-63页

作者： Felicity Goodyear-Smith Michael Kidd Tijani Idris Ahmad Oseni Nagwa nashat Robert Mash Mehmet Akman Robert L Phillips Chris van Weel Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Department of Health Australian GovernmentCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Department of Family Medicine Ambrose Alli UniversityEkpomaNigeria School of Medicine Menoufia UniversityShebin El-KomEgypt Department of Family and Emergency Medicine Stellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa Department of Family Medicine Marmara UniversityIstanbulTurkey Center for Professionalism and Value in Health Care American Board of Family MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA Academic Unit of General Practice Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia

We report the learnings gleaned from a four-country panel(Australia,South Africa,Egypt and Nigeria)sharing their countries’COVID-19 primary healthcare approaches and implementation of policy at the World Organization of Family Doctor’s World virtual conference in *** countries differ considerably with respect to size,national economies,average age,unemployment rates and proportion of people living *** Africa has fared the worst with respect to waves of COVID-19 cases and *** countries introduced strategies such as border closure,COVID-19 testing,physical distancing and face *** and Nigeria mobilised primary care,but the response was mostly public health and hospital-based in South Africa and *** countries rapidly adopted *** countries emphasised the critical importance of an integrated response between primary care and public health to conduct surveillance,diagnose cases through testing,provide community-based care unless hospitalisation is required and vaccinate the population to reduce infection spread.

关键词： testing mostly closure

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Increasing Synaptic Density and Enhancing Memory by Brain Magnesium

Increasing Synaptic Density and Enhancing Memory by Brain Ma...

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第十一次中国生物物理学术大会暨第九届全国会员代表大会

作者： Inna Slutsky nashat Abumaria Arvind Govindarajan Susumu Tonegawa Center for Learning and Memory School of MedicineTsinghua University

＜正＞Learning and memory are fundamental brain functions affected by dietary and environmental *** is essential for maintaining normal body and brain ***,we

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Role of TRPM7 chanzyme in synapse density and learning and memory at different development stages

Role of TRPM7 chanzyme in synapse density and learning and m...

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中国神经科学学会第十二届全国学术会议

作者： Yuqiang Liu Cui Chen Wei Li nashat Abumaria Institutes of Brain Science State Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Fudan University Department of Laboratory Animal Science School of MedicineFudan Univeristy

Objective TRPM7 chanzyme is involved in plethora of biological functions including Mg homeostasis, embryonic development, organogenesis, cell proliferation and survival. In the central nervous system, TRPM7 was shown to mediate neuronal death following anoxia, OGD, ischemia or traumatic brain injuries-like conditions. However, the functional role of TRPM7 in the central nervous system under normal physiological conditions remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of TRPM7 in the central nervous system under non-pathological conditions. Methods The TRPM7 expression was measured by RT-PCR and western blot. The synapse density and plasticity were detected by the immunohistochemistry in the primary hippocampal neuron in vitro, Golgi staining and electrophysiological recording in the hippocampal slice. Learning and memory abilities were evaluated by novel object recognition test, cognition wall spatial task, elevated T-maze and contextual fear conditioning. Results(1) Knockdown of TRPM7 in primary hippocampal neuron reduced structural and functional synapse density.(2) The synapse density was rescued by the kinase domain of TRPM7, but not the ion channel part or increasing the extracellular concentration of Mg/Zn.(3) Early postnatal knockout of TRPM7 in mice impaired learning and memory and reduced synapse density and plasticity.(4) Knockdown of TRPM7 in adult rats also impaired learning and memory and reduced synapse density and plasticity.(5) The expression of TRPM7 protein was reduced in the hippocampus of aging rats, the APP/PS1 mice and human AD patients, which are known to have low synapse and memory. Conclusion These results suggest that brain TRPM7 is important for having normal synapse density and function as well as normal cognitive functions. Our results implicate TRPM7 in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders.

关键词： synapse cognitive functions TRPM7 neurodegenerative disorders

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Behavioral transition from action to no action style during exposure to inescapable stress: An animal model for studying neurobiology of give up like behavior

Behavioral transition from action to no action style during ...

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中国神经科学学会第十二届全国学术会议

作者： Chaoqun Li Yan Gao Tianping Sun nashat Abumaria Institutes of Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science School of Medicine Fudan University Department of Laboratory Animal Science School of Medicine Fudan University

Objective Give up is one of the critical behaviors in individual’s life. On one hand, premature and repeated give up might result in loss of self-esteem, which could lead to depression. On the other hand, the lack of a timely and wisely give up behavior might result in major waste of resources, which also could result in remorse/shame and depression. However, up to date the neurobiological substrates and/or circuitry underlying give up remain unknown. The current project ought to establish an animal model of give up like behavior and use it to study the neurochemistry and neural circuitry underlying such behavior. Methods From cognitive psychology point of view, repeated exposure to persistently uncontrollable situations will cause a transition in the cognitive state, during which the subject’s engagement will shift from action style to a stationary（give-up like） state style（Kuhl, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1981）. Here, we have developed two behavioral assays to monitor the mouse behavior during exposure to inescapable stressful situations. Using behavioral pharmacology approaches we explored the neurochemical involved in modulating such transition. Results（1） we observed transitions in mice behavior from active actions, to complete immobility that we interpret as a give-up like behavior.（2） Pharmacological manipulations of certain neurotransmitters showed that give-up like behavior can be modulated by norepinephrine and dopamine. Conclusion this is the first study to introduce an animal model of give-up like behavior in mouse. Our data suggest that norepinephrine and dopamine might be involved in modulating action/give-up like behaviors.

关键词： give up behavioral assays norepinephrine and dopamine

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Elevation of brain magnesium enhances pattern separation and prevents fear generalization

Elevation of brain magnesium enhances pattern separation and...

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中国神经科学学会第十届全国学术会议

作者： nashat ABUMARIA Lin LUO Matae AHN Guosong LIU Department of Basic Medical Research School of MedicineTsinghua University Center for Learning and Memory School of MedicineUniversity of Texas at Austin

Enhancement of pattern separation could be helpful in improving the quality of normal daily learning and in treating individuals with cognitive impairment and/or certain psychiatric *** example,pattern separation declines during normal ***-traumatic stress disorder（PTSD） patients re-experience symptoms in response to novel contexts that are reminiscent of the original one associated with the ***,depressed patients often negatively overgeneralize autobiographical memories in response to emotion-related ***,we have shown that elevating brain magnesium,by a novel magnesium compound（magnesium-L-threonate;MgT）,enhances extinction of fear memory without enhancing amygdala dependent fear ***,we investigated the effects of MgT treatment on contextual-fear memory and subsequent pattern separation;a higher cognitive function that is impaired in PTSD ***-Dawley male rats were treated with MgT for 4 weeks and memory was evaluated using contextual fear conditioning *** pattern separation ability of MgT-treated rats was assessed using a spatial-context-discrimination *** treatment did not enhance the retention of contextual fear ***,the ability to discriminate between two,more or less distinct,contexts was enhanced in MgT-treated *** results suggest that elevation of brain magnesium might be helpful in enhancing pattern separation besides preventing aversive-event-induced fear *** with our previous study,the data support the potential use of MgT in treating the cognitive impairments associated with psychiatric disorders such as depression,phobias and PTSD.

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