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Osmotic pressure of serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with suspected neurological conditions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第5期15卷 944-947页

作者： Tetsuya Akaishi Toshiyuki Takahashi Ichiro nakashima Michiaki Abe Masashi Aoki Tadashi Ishii Department of education and Support for Regional Medicine Tohoku University HospitalSendaiJapan Department of Neurology Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan Department of Neurology National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National HospitalYonezawaJapan Department of Neurology Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan

Interstitial fluid movement in the brain parenchyma has been suggested to contribute to sustaining the metabolism in brain parenchyma and maintaining the function of neurons and glial *** pulsatile hydrostatic pressure gradient may be one of the driving forces of this bulk ***,osmotic pressure- related factors have not been studied until *** this prospective observational study,to elucidate the relationship between osmolality (mOsm/kg) in the serum and that in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),we simultaneously measured the serum and CSF osmolality of 179 subjects with suspected neurological *** osmolality was 283.6 ± 6.5 mOsm/kg and CSF osmolality was 289.5 ± 6.6 mOsm/*** the specific gravity of serum and CSF is known to be 1.024–1.028 and 1.004–1.007,respectively,the estimated average of osmolarity (mOsm/L) in the serum and CSF covered exactly the same range (i.e.,290.5–291.5 mOsm/L).There was strong correlation between CSF osmolality and serum osmolality,but the difference in osmolality between serum and CSF was not correlated with serum osmolality,serum electrolyte levels,protein levels,or quotient of *** conclusion,CSF osmolarity was suggested to be equal to serum *** is not one of the driving forces of this bulk *** factors such as hydrostatic pressure gradient should be used to explain the mechanism of bulk flow in the brain *** study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Tohoku University Hospital (approval *** No.2015-1-257) on July 29,2015.

关键词： brain parenchyma bulk flow cerebrospinal fluid hydrostatic pressure interstitial fluid osmolarity osmotic pressure

Microstructural evaluation of Hastelloy-X transient liquid phase bonded joints:effects of filler metal thickness and holding time

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2022年第5期32卷 1548-1558页

作者： A.MALeKAN S.e.MIRSALeHI M.FARVIZI N.SAITO K.nakashima Ceramic Division Materials and Energy Research CenterP.O.Box 14155-4777TehranIran Department of Materials and Metallurgical engineering Amirkabir University of Technology(Tehran Polytechnic)Tehran 15875-4413Iran Department of Materials Science and engineering Kyushu University744MotookaNishi-kuFukuoka 819-0395Japan

Transient liquid phase(TLP)bonding was investigated in Hastelloy-X samples with different filler metal thicknesses(20,35,50,65,and 100μm)and holding time(5,20,80,320,and 640 min)to obtain optimum bonding *** evaluations using electron probe microanalysis(ePMA)and electron backscattered diffraction(eBSD)show that the central eutectic phases present in the athermally solidified zone(ASZ)are Ni_(3)B,Ni_(2)Si,and CrB,and the precipitates formed in the diffusion-affected zone(DAZ)are MoB,CrB_(2),and Mo_(2)B_(5).According to the results,decreasing the filler thickness as well as increasing the holding time helps realize the completion of isothermal solidification and reduction in the density of precipitates in the DAZ,leading to a joint with more uniform *** of boron and silicon to longer distances with increasing holding time causes the removal of Cr-rich borides in the DAZ and the formation of Mo-rich silicide at the joint *** in hardness of ASZ and DAZ due to the elimination of brittle phases in these zones during long holding time causes more uniform hardness distribution in the joint *** best results are obtained for the sample joined with the 35μm-thick filler metal for 640 min holding time.

关键词： Hastelloy-X transient liquid phase(TLP)bonding microstructure filler metal electron probe microanalysis(ePMA) electron backscattered diffraction(eBSD)

Diagnosis and treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2015年第2期5卷 41-43页

作者： Tsutomu nakashima Department of Otorhinolaryngology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine

Nationwide epidemiological surveys of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss(SSNHL) have been performed five times by the Research Committee of the Ministry of Health and Welfare or the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Labour in Japan. These surveys included patients who had SSNHL in 1972, 1987, 1993, 2001, and 2012. Using the criteria for the grading of hearing loss in SSNHL or the criteria for grading the degree of hearing recovery after SSNHL established by the Research Committee, we compared the outcomes of SSNHL between the five nationwide surveys. The results revealed that the outcomes of SSNHL have not changed in the past 40 years. In 1972, 88% of patients received steroids, but none received prostaglandin e1(PGe1). The use of PGe1 has increased since the 1980 s, but its effect on SSNHL may not be significant. Intratympanic steroid injection has been introduced recently for the treatment of SSNHL, but it does not seem to be used widely in Japan. Intratympanic therapy that can reduce the total amount of steroids administered will be used more frequently if the true effects and indications for this therapy are known. elucidation of the etiologies of SSNHL and development of treatments specific for these etiologies are expected.

关键词： Sudden deafness Grading system Initial hearing level Final hearing level Treatment method Nationwide epidemiological survey

“Abnormal transient creep” in fine-grained Al-5356 alloy observed at low strain rates by high-resolution strain measurement

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2013年第5期23卷 1209-1214页

作者：申俊杰 Kenichi IKeDA Satoshi HATA Hideharu nakashima 天津理工大学机械工程学院天津300191 Department of electrical and Materials Science Faculty of Engineering SciencesKyushu University

Transient creep at very low strain rates （less than 10-10 s-1） is still unclear. The traditional uniaxial creep testing is less useful due to unsatisfied resolution strain （~10-6）. To study transient creep behavior at such low strain rates, a high-resolution strain measurement using the helicoid spring specimen technique was employed in a fine-grained Al-5356 alloy at temperatures ranging from 0.47Tm to 0.74Tm （Tm： melting point）. To clarify transient creep mechanism at such low strain rates, transmission electron microscopy （TeM） was used in microstructure observation of crept specimens. The abnormal transient creep, high temperature strengthening at T〉Tp （Tp： the phase transformation temperature, 0.58Tm） or intermediate temperature softening at 0.4Tm〈T￡Tp and double-normal type （creep curves including double work-hardening stages） at T=Tp, were firstly observed. The substructure observation in a crept specimen at T=0.58Tm and e=1×10-4 shows pile-up dislocations including many small jogs with equal interval, and dislocations emitted from grain boundaries. The b-Al3Mg2 phase dissolves under the condition of testing temperatures higher than 523 K, which causes solid-solution quantity of Mg atoms to increase. Therefore, the “abnormal transient creep” may be related to the difference of solid solution strengthening caused by phase change during the creep tests.

关键词： Al-5356 alloy transient creep phase change low strain rate

Magnetic Sensorless Sensing of Plasma Position in the Superconducting Tokamak HT-7

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Plasma Science and Technology 2004年第5期6卷 2459-2462页

作者： K.Nakamura Z.S.Ji B.Shen P.J.Qin S.Itoh K.Hanada M.Sakamoto e.Jotaki M.Hasegawa A.Iyomasa S.Kawasaki H.nakashima Research Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga-koen Kasuga City Fukuoka 816-8580 JapanInstitute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 ChinaInstitute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 ChinaInstitute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 ChinaResearch Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga-koen Kasuga City Fukuoka 816-8580 JapanResearch Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga-koen Kasuga City Fukuoka 816-8580 JapanResearch Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga-koen Kasuga City Fukuoka 816-8580 JapanInstitute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 ChinaResearch Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga-koen Kasuga City Fukuoka 816-8580 JapanResearch Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga-koen Kasuga City Fukuoka 816-8580 JapanResearch Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga-koen Kasuga City Fukuoka 816-8580 JapanResearch Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga-koen Kasuga City Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan

Magnetic sensorless sensing experiments of the plasma horizontal positionhave been carried out in the superconducting tokamak HT-7. The horizontal position is calculatedfrom the vertical field coil current and voltage without using signals of magnetic probes placednearby a plasma. The calculations are focused on the ripple frequency component of the power *** is no drift problem with the time integration of magnetic probe signals. The error of thederived plasma position is lower than 2% of the plasma minor radius.

关键词： sensorless sensing plasma position HT-7

Cytokines in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote the healing of liver disease

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2018年第11期10卷 146-159页

作者： Saifun Nahar Yoshiki nakashima Chika Miyagi-Shiohira Takao Kinjo Zensei Toyoda Naoya Kobayashi Issei Saitoh Masami Watanabe Hirofumi Noguchi Jiro Fujita Department of Infectious Respiratory and Digestive Medicine Graduate School of Medicine University of the Ryukyus Okinawa 903-0215 Japan Department of Regenerative Medicine Graduate School of Medicine University of the Ryukyus Okinawa 903-0215 Japan Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences School of Health Sciences in the Faculty of Medicine University of the Ryukyus Okinawa 903-0215 Japan Okayama Saidaiji Hospital Okayama 704-8192 Japan Division of Pediatric Dentistry Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science Niigata University Niigata 951-8514 Japan Department of Urology Okayama Univer sity Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama 700-8558 Japan

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells （ADSCs） are a treatment cell source for patients with chronic liver injury. ADSCs are characterized by being harvested from the patient’s own subcutaneous adipose tissue, a high cell yield （ i.e. , reduced immune rejection res-ponse）, accumulation at a disease nidus, suppression of excessive immune response, production of various growth factors and cytokines, angiogenic effects, anti-apoptotic effects, and control of immune cells via cell-cell interaction. We previously showed that conditioned medium of ADSCs promoted hepatocyte proliferation and improved the liver function in a mouse model of acute liver failure. Furthermore, as found by many other groups, the administration of ADSCs improved liver tissue fbrosis in a mouse model of liver cirrhosis. A comprehensive protein expression analysis by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry show-ed that the various cytokines and chemokines produced by ADSCs promote the healing of liver disease. In this review, we examine the ability of expressed protein com-ponents of ADSCs to promote healing in cell therapy for liver disease. Previous studies demonstrated that ADSCs are a treatment cell source for patients with chronic liver injury. This review describes the various cytokines and chemokines produced by ADSCs that promote the healing of liver disease.

关键词： Cell transplantation therapy Cytokine Hepatocytes Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry Liver cirrhosis Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Favorable and unfavorable amino acid residues in water-soluble and transmembrane proteins

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Journal of Biomedical Science and engineering 2013年第1期6卷 36-44页

作者： Hiroshi nakashima Ayano Yoshihara Kei-ichiro Kitamura Department of Clinical Laboratory Science Graduate Course of Medical Science and Technology School of Health Science Kanazawa University Kanazawa Japan

We analyzed the amino acid residues present in the water-soluble and transmembrane proteins of 6 thermophilic and 6 mesophilic species of the domains Archaea and eubacteria, and characterized them as favorable or unfavorable. The characterization was performed by comparing the observed number of each amino acid residue to the expected number calculated from the percentage of nucleotides present in each gene. Amino acids that were more or less abundant than expected were considered as favorable or unfavorable, respectively. Comparisons of amino acid compositions indicated that the water-soluble proteins were rich in charged residues such as Glu, Asp, Lys, and His, whereas hydrophobic residues such as Trp, Phe, and Leu were abundant in transmembrane proteins. Interestingly, our results found that although the Trp residue was abundant in transmembrane proteins, it was not defined as favorable by our calculations, indicating that increased numbers of a particular amino acid does not necessary indicate it is a favorable residue. Amino acids with high G + C content such as Ala, Gly, and Pro were frequently observed as favorable in species with low G + C content. Comparatively, amino acids with low G + C content such as Phe, Tyr, Lys, Ile, and Met were frequently observed as favorable in species with high G + C content. These are the examples to increase the supply of amino acids than expected. Amino acids with neutral G + C content, i.e., Glu and Asp were favorable in water-soluble proteins from all species analyzed, and Cys was unfavorable both in water-soluble and transmembrane proteins. These results indicate that amino acid compositions are essentially determined by the nucleotide sequence of the genes, and the amino acid content is altered by a deviation from expectation.

关键词： Amino Acid Composition Nucleotide Composition Favorable and Unfavorable Residues Water-Soluble and Transmembrane Proteins Thermophilic and Mesophilic Species

enhanced piezoelectric properties of (Ba_(0.3)Bi_(0.7))(Mg_(0.05)Fe_(0.6)Ti_(0.35))O_(3) piezoelectric ceramics with high Curie temperature

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Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 2014年第1期4卷 81-86页

作者： Ichiro Fujii Ryuta Mitsui Kouichi nakashima Satoshi Wada Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medical and engineering University of Yamanashi Kofu 400-8510Japan

(Ba_(0.3)Bi_(0.7))(Mg_(0.05)Fe_(0.6)Ti_(0.35))O_(3) ceramics were either doped with vanadium or sintered in calcined powder with the same *** to an undoped ceramic sintered without the calcined powder,both ceramics showed reduced leakage current densities(lower than 1×10^(-7) A/cm^(2))and absence of dielectric relaxation behaviors observed in frequency-and temperaturedependent dielectric *** Curie temperatures of both samples were higher than 460℃.The maximum field-induced strain over the applied field,S_(max)/e_(max),of 366 pm/V of the undoped ceramic sintered without the calcined powder increased to 455 and 799 pm/V for the V-doped ceramics and the ceramics sintered with the calcined powder,*** increase was related to a reduced concentration of bismuth vacancy-oxygen vacancy defect dipoles.

关键词： Piezoelectrics domain structure lead-free high Curie temperature dopant.

Non-Inductive Start up of QUeST Plasma by RF Powert

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Plasma Science and Technology 2011年第3期13卷 307-311页

作者： K. HANADA H. ZUSHI H. IDeI K. NAKAMURA M. ISHIGURO S. TASHIMA e. I. KALINNIKOVA M. SAKAMOTO M. HASeGAWA A. FUJISAWA A. HIGASHIJIMA S. KAWASAKI H. nakashima H. LIU O. MITARAI T. MAeKAWA A. FUKUYAM Y. TAKASe J. QIAN Research Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu University Japan Interdisciplinary Graduate School of engineering Science Kyushu University Japan School of Industrial engineering Tokai University Japan Graduate School of energy Science Kyoto University Japan Graduate School of Technology Kyoto University Japan Graduate School of Frontier Science University of Tokyo Japan Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences China

Both start-up and sustainment of plasma were successfully achieved by fully non- inductive current drive using microwave with a frequency of 8.2 GHz. Plasmas current of 15 kA was implemented for 1 s. Magnetic surface reconstruction exhibited a plasma shape with an aspect ratio of below 1.5. The plasma current was dependent significantly on the launched microwave power and vertical magnetic field, while not affected by the mode of launched wave and the toroidal refractive index. Hard X-ray （HXR） emitted from energetic electrons accelerated by the microwave was observed, and the discharge with a plasma current over 4 kA followed the same trend as the number of photons of 10 keV to 12 keV. This suggests that the plasma current may be driven by energetic electrons. Based on the experimental conditions, alternative explanations of how the plasma current could be driven are discussed.

关键词： steady-state operation of spherical tokamak non-inductive current drive QUeST