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A Fitted Numerov Method for Singularly Perturbed Parabolic Partial Differential Equation with a Small Negative Shift Arising in Control Theory

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2014年第1期7卷 23-40页

作者： R.nageshwar rao P.Pramod Chakravarthy Department of Mathematics Visvesvaraya National Institute of TechnologyNagpur440010India

In this paper,a fitted Numerov method is constructed for a class of singularly perturbed one-dimensional parabolic partial differential equations with a small negative shift in the temporal *** boundary value problems are associated with a furnace used to process a metal sheet in control ***,the study focuses on the effect of shift on the boundary layer behavior of the solution via finite difference *** the shift parameter is smaller than the perturbation parameter,the shifted term is expanded in Taylor series and an exponentially fitted tridiagonal finite difference scheme is *** proposed finite difference scheme is unconditionally *** the shift parameter is larger than the perturbation parameter,a special type of mesh is used for the temporal variable so that the shift lies on the nodal points and an exponentially fitted scheme is *** scheme is also unconditionally *** applicability of the proposed methods is demonstrated by means of two examples.

关键词： Singular perturbations parabolic partial differential equation exponentially fitted method differential-difference equations

Thinking outside the liver: Induced pluripotent stem cells for hepatic applications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第22期19卷 3385-3396页

作者： Mekala Subba rao Mitnala Sasikala D nageshwar Reddy Institute of basic Sciences and Translational Research Asian Healthcare Foundation Asian Institute of Gastroenterology Hyderabad 500082 India Asian Healthcare Foundation Asian Institute of Gastroenterology Hyderabad 500082 India

The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) unraveled a mystery in stem cell research, after identification of four re-programming factors for generating pluripotent stem cells without the need of embryos. This breakthrough in generating iPSCs from somatic cells has overcome the ethical issues and immune rejection involved in the use of human embryonic stem cells. Hence, iPSCs form a great potential source for developing disease models, drug toxicity screening and cell-based therapies. These cells have the potential to differentiate into desired cell types, including hepatocytes, under in vitro as well as under in vivo conditions given the proper microenvironment. iPSC-derived hepatocytes could be useful as an unlimited source, which can be utilized in disease modeling, drug toxicity testing and producing autologous cell therapies that would avoid immune rejection and enable correction of gene defects prior to cell transplantation. In this review, we discuss the induction methods, role of reprogramming factors, and characterization of iPSCs, along with hepatocyte differentiation from iPSCs and potential applications. Further, we discuss the location and detection of liver stem cells and their role in liver regeneration. Although tumor formation and genetic mutations are a cause of concern, iPSCs still form a promising source for clinical applications.

关键词： Liver stem cells Hepatocytes Disease modeling Drug toxicity Clinical applications Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes

Passive activity enhances residual control ability in patients with complete spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2337-2347页

作者： Yanqing Xiao Mingming Gao Zejia He Jia Zheng Hongming bai Jia-Sheng rao Guiyun Song Wei Song Xiaoguang Li beijing Key Laboratory for biomaterials and Neural Regeneration Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijingChina Department of Rehabilitation Evaluation China Rehabilitation Research CenterBeijingChina Cardiac Center Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina The State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems Beihang UniversityBeijingChina Department of Rehabilitation Engineering China Rehabilitation Science InstituteBeijingChina

Patients with complete spinal cord injury retain the potential for volitional muscle activity in muscles located below the spinal injury ***,because of prolonged inactivity,initial attempts to activate these muscles may not effectively engage any of the remaining neurons in the descending pathway.A previous study unexpectedly found that a brief clinical round of passive activity significantly increased volitional muscle activation,as measured by surface *** this study,we further explored the effect of passive activity on surface electromyographic signals during volitional control tasks among individuals with complete spinal cord *** patients with chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury were *** electromyography data from eight major leg muscles were acquired and compared before and after the passive activity *** results indicated that the passive activity led to an increased number of activated volitional muscles and an increased frequency of *** the cumulative root mean square of surface electromyography amplitude for volitional control of movement showed a slight increase after passive activity,the difference was not statistically *** findings suggest that brief passive activity may enhance the ability to initiate volitional muscle activity during surface electromyography tasks and underscore the potential of passive activity for improving residual motor control among patients with motor complete spinal cord injury.

关键词： complete spinal cord injury cycle training epidural electrical stimulation motor training passive activity physiological state spinal cord circuit surface electromyography volitional control task

Drugs for Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): Quest for the Holy Grail

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2021年第1期9卷 40-50页

作者： Mithun Sharma Madhumita Premkumar Anand V Kulkarni Pramod Kumar D nageshwar Reddy Nagaraja Padaki rao Department of Hepatology Asian Institute of GastroenterologyHyderabadIndia Department of Hepatology PGIMERChandigarhIndia Department of Gastroenterology Asian Institute of GastroenterologyHyderabadIndia

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global epidemic that is likely to become the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the next decade, worldwide. Though numerous drugs have been evaluated in clinical trials, most of them have returned inconclusive results and shown poorly-tolerated adverse effects. None of the drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treating biopsy-proven non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Vitamin E and pioglitazone have been extensively used in treatment of biopsy-proven nondiabetic NASH patients. Although some amelioration of inflammation has been seen, these drugs did not improve the fibrosis component of NASH. Therefore, dietary modification and weight reduction have remained the cornerstone of treatment of NASH;moreover, they have shown to improve histological activity as well as fibrosis. The search for an ideal drug or ‘Holy Grail’ within this landscape of possible agents continues, as weight reduction is achieved only in less than 10% of patients. In this current review, we summarize the drugs for NASH which are under investigation, and we provide a critical analysis of their up-to-date results and outcomes.

关键词： Fatty liver NAFLD NASH Obeticholic acid Saroglitazar

Favipiravir-induced Liver Injury in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2021年第2期9卷 276-278页

作者： Pramod Kumar Anand Kulkarni Mithun Sharma Padaki Nagaraja rao Duvvuru nageshwar Reddy Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Asian Institute of Gastroenterology HospitalsHyderabadIndia Department of Gastroenterology Asian Institute of Gastroenterology HospitalsHyderabadIndia

Favipiravir,an antiviral,was given restricted emergency use approval to treat coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in many *** the clinical efficacy of favipiravir in COVID-19 remains uncertain,the approval was based on findings from in vitro studies and a clinical trial.1 Limited data from studies of the Ebola virus and influenza disease showed a favorable safety profile.2 Herein,we provide the first report of drug-induced liver injury(DILI)due to favipiravir in patients treated for COVID-19.

关键词： clinical approval Liver

Representation of classifier distributions in terms of hypergeometric functions

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China Particuology 2007年第4期5卷 274-283页

作者： b.Venkoba rao Engineering and Industrial Services Tata Consultancy Services Ltd.1 Mangaldas RoadPune 411001India

This paper derives alternative analytical expressions for classifier product distributions in terms of Gauss hypergeometric function, 2F1, by considering feed distribution defined in terms of Gates-Gaudin-Schumann function and efficiency curve defined in terms of a logistic function. It is shown that classifier distributions under dispersed conditions of classification pivot at a common size and the distributions are difference similar. The paper also addresses an inverse problem of classifier distributions wherein the feed distribution and efficiency curve are identified from the measured product distributions without needing to know the solid flow split of particles to any of the product streams.

关键词： Classifier Efficiency curve Inverse problem

Pain in chronic pancreatitis: Managing beyond the pancreatic duct

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第38期19卷 6319-6328页

作者： Rupjyoti Talukdar D nageshwar Reddy Department of Medical Gastroenterology Asian Institute of GastroenterologySomajigudaHyderabad 500082India Asian Healthcare Foundation SomajigudaHyderabad 500082India

Chronic pancreatitis(CP)continues to be a clinical *** or recurrent abdominal pain is the most compelling symptom that drives patients to seek medical ***,in spite of using several treatment approaches in the clinical setting,there is no single specific treatment modality that can be earmarked as a cure for this ***,ductal hypertension has been associated with causation of pain in CP;and patients are often subjected to endotherapy and surgery with a goal to decompress the pancreatic *** studies on humans(clinical and laboratory based)and experimental models have put forward several mechanisms,including neuroimmune alterations,which could be responsible for *** might explain the partial or no response to single modality treatment in a significant proportion of *** current review discusses the recent concepts of pain generation in CP and evidence based therapeutic approaches(other than ductal decompression)to handle persistent or recurrent *** focus primarily on parenchymal and neural components;and discuss the role of antioxidants and the existing controversies,drugs that interfere with neural transmission,pancreatic enzyme supplementation,celiac neurolysis,and pancreatic resection *** review concludes with the treatment approach that we follow at our institute.

关键词： Pain Chronic pancreatitis Nociception Neuroplasticity Antioxidant micronutrients Pregabalin Pancreatic enzymes

Pathophysiology and Prevention of Paracentesis-induced Circulatory Dysfunction:A Concise Review

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2020年第1期8卷 42-48页

作者： Anand V Kulkarni Pramod Kumar Mithun Sharma T R Sowmya Rupjyoti Talukdar Padaki Nagaraj rao D nageshwar Reddy Department of Hepatology Asian Institute of GastroenterologyHyderabadIndia Department of Gastroenterology Asian Institute of GastroenterologyHyderabadIndia

Annually,10%of cirrhotic patients with ascites develop refractory ascites for which large-volume paracentesis(LVP)is a frequently used therapeutic ***,although a safe method,is associated with circulatory dysfunction in a significant percentage of patients,which is termed para-centesis-induced circulatory dysfunction(PICD).PICD results in faster reaccumulation of ascites,hyponatremia,renal impairment,and shorter *** is diagnosed through laboratory results,with increases of>50%of baseline plasma renin activity to a value≥4 ng/mL/h on the fifth to sixth day after *** this review,we discuss the pathophysi-ology and prevention of PICD.

关键词： Refractory ascites Plasma renin activity Large-volume paracentesis Cirrhosis Portal hypertension

Management of hepatitis b and C in special population

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第40期27卷 6861-6873页

作者： Anand V Kulkarni nageshwar Reddy Duvvuru Department of Hepatology Asian Institute of GastroenterologyHyderabad 500032TelanganaIndia Department of Gastroenterology Asian Institute of GastroenterologyHyderabad 500032TelanaganaIndia

Chronic viral hepatitis is one of the leading causes of cirrhosis *** hepatitis b is more common in the Asia-Pacific region due to the larger population and lower screening *** C predominates in the west due to injection drug *** discovery of(oral)direct-acting antiviral agents(DAAs)has changed the landscape of chronic hepatitis C(CHC)***(t)ide analogs(NUCs)have also changed the approach to the treatment of chronic hepatitis b(CHb).Oral NUCs and DAAs have excellent efficacy and patient acceptance as well as a lower risk of ***,certain populations have no robust data and safety and efficacy of such oral drugs is still *** this review,we provide an overview of the management of CHb and CHC in special populations,such as those with chronic kidney disease,pregnant women,healthcare workers,and those undergoing chemo-or immunosuppressive therapy.

关键词： Chronic kidney disease Pregnancy Hepatitis b Hepatitis C Health care professionals Tenofovir