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Magnesium-incorporated biocomposite scaffolds:A novel frontier in bone tissue engineering

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2231-2248页

作者： Abinaya Shanmugavadivu Sundaravadhanan Lekhavadhani Sushma Babu Nivetha Suresh nagarajan Selvamurugan Department of Biotechnology School of BioengineeringCollege of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur603203Tamil NaduIndia

Nonunion represents a crucial challenge in orthopedic medicine,demanding innovative solutions beyond the scope of traditional bone grafting *** the various strategies available,magnesium(Mg)implants have been recognized for their biocompatibility and ***,their susceptibility to rapid corrosion and degradation has garnered notable research interest in bone tissue engineering(BTE),particularly in the development of Mg-incorporated biocomposite *** scaffolds gradually release Mg2+,which enhances immunomodulation,osteogenesis,and angiogenesis,thus facilitating effective bone *** review presents myriad fabrication techniques used to create Mg-incorporated biocomposite scaffolds,including electrospinning,three-dimensional printing,and sol-gel *** these advancements,the application of Mg-incorporated biocomposite scaffolds faces challenges such as controlling the degradation rate of Mg and ensuring mechanical *** limitations highlight the necessity for ongoing research aimed at refining fabrication techniques to better regulate the physicochemical and osteogenic properties of *** review provides insights into the potential of Mg-incorporated biocomposite scaffolds for BTE and the challenges that need to be addressed for their successful translation into clinical applications.

关键词： Magnesium Bone tissue engineering Immunomodulation Osteogenesis Angiogenesis

Crosstalk between Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein signaling during osteogenic differentiati

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第2期16卷 102-113页

作者： Pakkath Narayanan Arya Iyyappan Saranya nagarajan Selvamurugan Department of Biotechnology School of BioengineeringSRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur 603203India

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)originate from many sources,including the bone marrow and adipose tissue,and differentiate into various cell types,such as osteoblasts and *** studies on MSCs have revealed that many transcription factors and signaling pathways control osteogenic *** is the process by which new bones are formed;it also aids in bone ***/β-catenin and bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)signaling pathways are involved in many cellular processes and considered to be essential for ***/β-catenin and BMPs are important for bone formation in mammalian development and various regulatory activities in the *** studies have indicated that these two signaling pathways contribute to osteogenic *** Wnt signaling pathway promotes osteogenesis by activating the downstream targets of the BMP signaling ***,we briefly review the molecular processes underlying the crosstalk between these two pathways and explain their participation in osteogenic differentiation,emphasizing the canonical *** review also discusses the crosstalk mechanisms of Wnt/BMP signaling with Notch-and extracellular-regulated kinases in osteogenic differentiation and bone development.

关键词： Bone Mesenchymal stem cells Osteogenic differentiation Wnt/β-catenin Bone morphogenetic proteins

Transcriptomic and pathological profiling of a new congenic mouse model with Lepr mutation:Evaluating susceptibility to the development of obesity and NAFLD

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 34-38页

作者： MJ Mahesh Kumar Shailendra Arindkar Masum Saini Perumal nagarajan National Institute of Immunology New Delhi 100067India Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad 500007India Regional Center for Biotechnology Faridabad 121001India

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are two disease conditions for which obesity is a risk factor.^(1)Due to the close relationship between the three pathologies,researchers frequently use the same mouse models to identify the underlying processes of obesity,NAFLD,and *** instance,leptin(Lep)-null(ob/ob)and leptin receptor(Lepr)-deficient(db/db)mice spontaneously develop NAFLD and show different phenotypes of extreme obesity and diabetes,respectively.

关键词： obesity NAFLD Lep

Design of Deep Reinforcement Learning Controller Through Data-assisted Model for Robotic Fish Speed Tracking

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第3期20卷 953-966页

作者： Palmani Duraisamy Manigandan nagarajan Santhanakrishnan Amirtharajan Rengarajan Robotics Lab School of EEESASTRA Deemed UniversityThanjavurTamil Nadu613401India Department of ECE School of EEESASTRA Deemed UniversityThanjavurTamil Nadu613401India

It is common for robotic fish to generate thrust using reactive force generated by the tail’s physical motion, which interacts with the surrounding fluid. The coupling effect of the body strongly correlates with this thrust. However, hydrodynamics cannot be wholly modeled in analytical form. Therefore, data-assisted modeling is necessary for robotic fish. This work presents the first method of its kind using Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based optimization methods for data-assistive modeling for robotic fish applications. To begin, experimental data are collected in real time with the robotic fish that has been designed and fabricated using 3D printing. Then, the model’s influential parameters are estimated using an optimization problem. Further, a model-based deep reinforcement learning (DRL) controller is proposed to track the desired speed through extensive simulation work. In addition to a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG), a twin delayed DDPG (TD3) is employed in the training of the RL agent. Unfortunately, due to its local optimization problem, the RL-DDPG controller failed to perform well during training. In contrast, the RL-TD3 controller effectively learns the control policies and overcomes the local optima problem. As a final step, controller performance is evaluated under different disturbance conditions. In contrast to DDPG and GA-tuned proportional-integral controllers, the proposed model with RL-TD3 controller significantly improves the performance.

关键词： Bioinspired robot Data-assisted model Genetic algorithm Reinforcement learning control Robotic fish

L-carvone attenuates myocardial injury and dyslipidemia in rats with isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2023年第1期13卷 17-25页

作者： Anitha nagarajan Victor Arokia Doss Department of Biochemistry PSG College of Arts and ScienceCoimbatore-641014Tamil NaduIndia

Objective:To explore the therapeutic efficacy of L-carvone from Mentha spicata *** extracts against isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in ***:Isoproterenol(5 mg/kg)was injected intraperitoneally into rats for one month to induce cardiac hypertrophy.L-carvone(25 and 100 mg/kg)was administered orally to treat cardiac *** cardioprotective activity of L-carvone was evaluated by electrocardiogram,histopathological analysis as well as determination of biochemical parameters and enzymatic ***:L-carvone from Mentha spicata *** 25 and 100 mg/kg ameliorated isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy,as evidenced by reduced QRS interval on electrocardiogram,and decreased heart weight and heart *** addition,both doses of L-carvone markedly lowered the levels of glucose,total protein,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,aspartate transaminase,alanine transaminase,lactate dehydrogenase,creatine kinase MB,troponin-Ⅰ,N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide and triglycerides while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipase level(P<0.05).Moreover,L-carvone alleviated contraction band necrosis,and reorganized the myofibrils with normal striations and myocytes as well as normal nuclei in cardiac histoarchitecture of rats with isoproterenol-induced cardiac ***:L-carvone from Mentha spicata *** extract can restore abnormal cardiac function and may be further explored as a therapeutic agent against the deleterious effects of cardiac hypertrophy after further evaluation.

关键词： Cardiac hypertrophy L-carvone Dyslipidemia Myocardial injury Isoproterenol Mentha spicata

Inspection strategies for quality products withrewards in a multi-stage production

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Journal of Control and Decision 2023年第4期10卷 596-609页

作者： R.Satheesh Kumar A.nagarajan Department of Mathematics PSNA College of Engineering and TechnologyDindigulIndia

In a multi-stage manufacturing system,defective components are generated due to deteriorating machine parts and failure to install the feed *** these circumstances,the system requires inspection counters to distinguish imperfect items and takes a few discreet decisions to produce impeccable *** the prioritisation of employee appreciation and working on reward is one of the important policies to improve *** we look at the multistage manufacturing system as an M/PH/1 queue model and rewards are given for using certain inspection strategies to produce the quality items.A matrix analytical method is proposed to explain a continuous-time Markov process in which the reward points are given to the strategy of inspection in each state of the *** constructing the value functions of this dynamic programming model,we derive the optimal policy and the optimal average reward of the entire system in the long *** addition,we obtain the percentage of time spent on each system state for the probability of conformity and non-conformity of the product over the long *** results of our computational experiments and case study suggest that the average reward increases due to the actions are taken at each decision epoch for rework and disposal of the non-conformity items.

关键词： Sequential process infinitesimal operator Markov decision processes value function optimal policy optimal average reward

Design of Precise Multiplier Using Inexact Compressor for Digital Signal Processing

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第8期42卷 619-638页

作者： nagarajan Shanmugam Vijeyakumar Krishnasamy Natarajan Kalaiselvi Sundaram Saravanakumar Natarajan Electronics and Communication Engineering Dr.Mahalingam College of Engineering and TechnologyPollachi642003Tamil NaduIndia

In the recent years,error recovery circuits in optimized data path units are adopted with approximate computing *** this paper the novel multipliers have effective utilization in the newly proposed two different 4:2 approximate compressors that generate Error free Sum(ES)and Error free Carry(EC).Proposed ES and Proposed EC in 4:2 compressors are used for performing Partial Product(PP)*** structural arrangement utilizes Dadda structure based *** to the regularity of PP arrangement Dadda multiplier is chosen for compressor implementation that favors easy standard cell ASIC *** this,the proposed compression idealogy are more effective in the smallest n columns,and the accurate compressor in the remaining most significant *** limits the error in the multiplier output to be not more than 2n for an n X n *** choice among the proposed compressors is decided based on the significance of the sum and carry signals on the multiplier *** an enhancement to the proposed multiplier,we introduce two Area Efficient(AE)variants viz.,Proposed-AE(P-AE),and P-AE with Error Recovery(P-AEER).The proposed basic P-AE,and P-AEER designs exhibit 46.7%,52.9%,and 52.7%PDP reduction respectively when compared to an approximate multiplier of minimal error type and are designed with 90nm ASIC *** proposed design and their performance validation are done by using Cadence *** performance evaluations are carried out using cadence encounter with 90nm ASIC *** proposed-basic P-AEA and P-AEER designs demonstrate 46.7%,52.9%and 52.7%PDP reduction compared to the minimal error approximate *** proposed multiplier is implemented in digital image processing which revealed 0.9810 Structural SIMilarity Index(SSIM),to the least,and less than 3%deviation in ECG signal processing application.

关键词： Approximate computing precise multiplier PP compression area-efficient error-recovery approach

Critical care practice in India:Results of the intensive care unit need assessment survey(ININ2018)

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2020年第2期9卷 31-42页

作者： Rahul Kashyap Kirtivardhan Vashistha Chetan Saini Taru Dutt Dileep Raman Vikas Bansal Harpreet Singh Geeta Bhandari nagarajan ramakrishnan Harshit Seth Divya Sharma Premkumar Seshadri Mradul Kumar Daga Mohan Gurjar Yash Javeri Salim Surani Joseph Varon 无 Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Infectious Disease Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Internal Medicine Allegheny General HospitalPittsburghPA 15212United States Department of Radiology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Medicine Jacobi Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY 14061United States Department of Neurology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States and Department of PsychiatryHennepin County Medical CenterMinneapolisMN 55415United States Department of Medicine Cloud Physician HealthcareBangalore 560038India Department of Critical Care Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Internal Medicine Maulana Azad Medical College&Associated HospitalsNew DelhiDelhi 110002India Department of Anesthesiology Government Medical CollegeHaldwaniNainital 263129India Department of Critical Care Medicine Apollo HospitalsChennai 600006India Department of Hospitalist Medicine Allegany ClinicAllegany Health NetworkPittsburghPA 15222United States Premkumar Seshadri Department of MedicineMAAGF HealthcareChennai 600024India Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Occupational and Environment Health Maulana Azad Medical CollegeNew DelhiDelhi 110002India Department of Critical Care Medicine Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknow 226014India Department of Critical Care Medicine Regency Super Speciality HospitalLucknow 208005India Nayati Healthcare New DelhiDelhi 110065India Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843United States Department of Critical Care United Memorial Medical CenterHoustonTX 77091United States ININ-2018 Investigators Team

BACKGROUND A diverse country like India may have variable intensive care units(ICUs)practices at state and city *** To gain insight into clinical services and processes of care in ICUs in India,this would help plan for potential educational and quality improvement *** The Indian ICU needs assessment research group of diverse-skilled individuals was formed.A pan-India survey"Indian National ICU Needs"assessment(ININ 2018-I)was designed on google forms and deployed from July 23rd-August 25th,*** survey was sent to select distribution lists of ICU providers from all 29 states and 7 union territories(UTs).In addition to emails and phone calls,social medial applications-WhatsApp™,Facebook™and LinkedIn™were used to remind and motivate *** completing and submitting the survey,providers gave their consent for research *** study was deemed eligible for category-2 Institutional Review Board exempt *** There were total 134 adult/adult-pediatrics ICU responses from 24(83%out of 29)states,and two(28%out of 7)UTs in 61 *** had median(IQR)16(10-25)beds and most,were mixed medical-surgical,111(83%),with 108(81%)being adult-only *** responders were young,median(IQR),38(32-44)years age and majority,n=108(81%)were *** consultants were,n=101(75%).A total of 77(57%)reported to have 24 h in-house intensivist.A total of 68(51%)ICUs reported to have either 2:1 or 2≥:1 patient:nurse *** than 80%of the ICUs were open,and mixed *** followed regularly by the ICUs included sepsis care,ventilator-associated pneumonia(83%each);nutrition(82%),deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis(87%),stress ulcer prophylaxis(88%)and glycemic control(92%).Digital infrastructure was found to be poor,with only 46%of the ICUs reporting high-speed internet *** In this large,national,semi-structured,need-assessment survey,the need for improved manpower including;in-house intensivists,and decreasing

关键词： Intensive care unit Critical care India Survey Intensive care unit survey Intensive care unit needs

Natural variants and editing events provide insights into routes for spike architecture modification in common wheat

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The Crop Journal 2023年第1期11卷 148-156页

作者： Min Fan Xiaoyu Zhang Ragupathi nagarajan Wenxuan Zhai Yahya Rauf Haiyan Jia Zhengqiang Ma Liuling Yan Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Nanjing Agricultural UniversityJiangsuNanjing 210095JiangsuChina Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA

Spike architecture is an indicative trait of grain yield in common wheat(Triticum aestivum).A segregating population was generated for mapping genes contributing to spike morphometric traits by crossing the two common wheat cultivars'CItr 17600'with branching spikes and'Yangmai 18'with normal spikes.A major quantitative trait locus for spike length was mapped to the Q5A region of chromosome ***18 carried a Q5Ab allele for short spikes,which harbored one SNP in the last intron,and a 1-bp InDel in the 720-bp fragment from the start codon,compared to Q5Aa in Chinese *** 17600 harbored a q5Ab allele for long spikes,which has a 6-bp deletion compared to the reported q5Aa allele that was involved in the binding site of microRNA 172(miR172).This 6-bp deletion in immediately upstream of this binding site was involved in changes of four amino *** natural q5A allele appeared to be rare in common wheat but frequent in tetraploid *** accessions with branching *** CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to edit the upstream region involving in the miR172 binding site in Yangmai 18 and identified two independent editing events,one with a 1-bp insertion in Q5A and the other with a 2-bp deletion in Q5D,resulting in several shapes of spikes in the transgenic *** addition to the effects of natural q5A allele and the edited Q5A genes,this study indicated the regeneratability and transformability of Yangmai 18 as an elite ***,this study provides insight into future modification and engineering of spike architecture in common wheat.

关键词： Q gene Spike shape miR172 Gene editing Wheat