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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2013年第4期3卷 285-291页

作者： Janaki Sankarachari Krishnan nagarajan Chandran Sathish Vimal Renjith George Anil Dubala Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis J.S.S. College of Pharmacy

A simple, rapid and selective liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry （LC-APCI-MS） assay method has been developed and fully validated for the simultaneous quantification of cefadroxil （CF） and clavulanic acid （CA） in human plasma. Analytes and internal standard （IS） were extracted from human plasma by solid- phase extraction （SPE） technique using Sam prep （3 mL, 100 mg） extraction cartridge. The extracted samples were chromatographed on a reverse phase Cls column using a mixture of methanol： acetonitrile： 2 mM ammonium acetate （pH 3.5）（25：25：50, v/v/v） as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Quantification of the analytes and IS were carried out using single quadrupole LC-APCI-MS through selected-ion monitoring （SIM） at m/z 362 and m/z 198, for CF and CA, respectively. Method validation was performed as per the FDA guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. Plasma concentration of CF and CA followed by the oral administration of CF/CA （500/125 mg） pill to healthy male volunteers （n= 12） was measured. Area under plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 h （AUC0-12 h） and 0 h extrapolated to infinity （AUC0-∞） were calculated. The ratio of AUC0-12 h/AUC0-∞ was found to be 〉 85% for all the subjects, as recommended by the FDA guidelines.

关键词： Cefadroxil Clavulanic acid LC-MS A_PCI Pharmacokinetics Bioequivalence

Genetically modified mouse models for the study of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第11期18卷 1141-1153页

作者： Perumal nagarajan M Jerald Mahesh Kuma Ramasamy Venkatesan Subeer S Majundar Ramesh C Juyal M Jerald Mahesh Kuma Small Animal Facility National Institute of Immunology NewDelhi 110067 India Animal House Centre for Cellularand Molecular Biology Hyderabad 500007 India Animal House JNU New Delhi110067 India

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is associated with obesity,insulin resistance,and type 2 *** represents a large spectrum of diseases ranging from(1) fatty liver(hepatic steatosis);(2) steatosis with inflammation and necrosis;to(3) *** animal models to study NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) are extremely useful,as there are still many events to be elucidated in the pathology of *** study of the established animal models has provided many clues in the pathogenesis of steatosis and steatohepatitis,but these remain incompletely *** different mouse models can be classified in two large *** first one includes genetically modified(transgenic or knockout) mice that spontaneously develop liver disease,and the second one includes mice that acquire the disease after dietary or pharmacological *** the molecular mechanism leading to the development of hepatic steatosis in the pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex,genetically modified animal models may be a key for the treatment of *** animal models for NASH should closely resemble the pathological characteristics observed in *** date,no single animal model has encompassed the full spectrum of human disease progression,but they can imitate particular characteristics of human ***,it is important that the researchers choose the appropriate animal *** review discusses various genetically modified animal models developed and used in research on NAFLD.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Steatosis Steatohepatitis Knockout Animal models

Spatially resolved and multiplexed MicroRNA quantification from tissue using nanoliter well arrays

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 1007-1015页

作者： Maxwell B.nagarajan Augusto M.Tentori Wen Cai Zhang Frank J.Slack Patrick S.Doyle Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA HMS Initiative for RNA Medicine Department of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMA 02215USA

Spatially resolved gene expression patterns are emerging as a key component of medical studies,including companion diagnostics,but technologies for quantification and multiplexing are *** present a method to perform spatially resolved and multiplexed microRNA(miRNA)measurements from formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded(FFPE)*** nanoliter well arrays to pixelate the tissue section and photopatterned hydrogels to quantify miRNA,we identified differentially expressed miRNAs in tumors from a genetically engineered mouse model for non-small cell lung cancer(K-ras&(LSL-G12D/+);p53^(fl/fl)).This technology could be used to quantify heterogeneities in tissue samples and lead to informed,biomarker-based diagnostics.

关键词： resolved Spatial lung

Hybrid Segment Approximate Multiplication for Image Processing Applications

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Circuits and Systems 2016年第8期7卷 1701-1708页

作者： Jamuna Ramasamy Sathishkumar nagarajan Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering SNS College of Engineering Coimbatore India Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College Coimbatore India

It is critical in terms of approximate computation errors in VLSI multiplier circuits are increasing with technology scaling. The most common method for fast and energy efficient execution of multiplication result is approximation of operands. But this traditional approximate result is not suitable for image processing applications. This paper proposes the two architectures of high accurate hybrid segment approximate multiplier (HSAM) and enhanced HSAM for image compression. Existing static segment method based approximate multiplier is not suitable for certain accurate applications and dynamic segment method based approximate multiplier is not suitable for cost efficient applications. The proposed work combines the advantages of both static segment method and dynamic segment method to drive the efficiency in accuracy and cost. The proposed approximate multipliers HSAM8 × 8 and EHSAM8 × 8 provide 99.85% and 99.999% accuracy respectively for various inputs. The proposed HSAM consumes less energy with small increase of area overhead. The proposed EHSAM consumes less energy without any area overhead. The proposed HSAM and EHSAM is improved the speed by 40% and 85% compared to the existing SSM8 × 8 technique.

关键词： Communication Timing Synchronization FPGA Multipliers Parallel Processing Power Delay

Hydrocarbon reserves of the South China Sea:Implications for regional energy security

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能源地球科学(英文)

能源地球科学(英文) 2020年第1期1卷 1-7页

作者： Mu Ramkumar M.Santosh Manoj J.Mathew David Menier R.nagarajan Benjamin Sautter Department of Geology Periyar UniversitySalem636011India School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing29 Xueyuan RoadBeijing100083China Department of Earth Sciences University of AdelaideSA5005Australia Shale Gas Research Group Institute of Hydrocarbon RecoveryUniversiti Teknologi PETRONAS32610Seri IskandarMalaysia Laboratoire Geosciences Ocean(LGO) GMGL UMR CNRS 6538Universite de Bretagne Sud56017 Vannes CedexFrance Department of Applied Geology Curtin University SarawakMalaysia Department of Geosciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS32610Seri IskandarMalaysia

The countries such as China,Vietnam,Philippines,Malaysia,Indonesia and Brunei that border South China Sea region have immense stakes in exploring and exploiting the natural resources of the region including *** than the hydrocarbon reserves,the South China Sea is home to World’s high-networth trade route that brings the interests of non-geographic entities to this ***,the purported reserves of hydrocarbon in the region are in the orders of Persian Gulf but are not yet properly explored and the reserves recovered owing to territorial and non-claimant stakeholder’s influences/*** paper is a synopsis of information on the hydrocarbon reserves of the South China Sea region,and evaluates the territorial and extra-territorial interests in the light of energy security and equitable development and utilization of natural resources from a geological *** also suggest several measures for future consideration and implementation.

关键词： Energy security South China Sea Hydrocarbon-flashpoint Exploration Marine resources

Intrusion Detection System for Big Data Analytics in IoT Environment

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第10期43卷 381-396页

作者： M.Anuradha G.Mani T.Shanthi N.R.nagarajan P.Suresh C.Bharatiraja Department of Computer Science and Engineering St.Joseph’s College of EngineeringChennai600119India Department of Computer Science and Engineering University College of Engineering ArniThatchur632326India Department of Electronics&Communication Engineering Kings College of EngineeringPudukkottai613303India Department of Electronics&Communication Engineering K.Ramakrishnan College of EngineeringTiruchirapalli621112India Department of Computer Science and Engineering KPR Institute of Engineering and TechnologyCoimbatore641407India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai603203India

In the digital area,Internet of Things(IoT)and connected objects generate a huge quantity of data traffic which feeds big data analytic models to discover hidden patterns and detect abnormal *** IoT networks are popular and widely employed in real world applications,security in IoT networks remains a challenging *** intrusion detection systems(IDS)cannot be employed in IoT networks owing to the limitations in resources and ***,this paper concentrates on the design of intelligent metaheuristic optimization based feature selection with deep learning(IMFSDL)based classification model,called IMFSDL-IDS for IoT *** proposed IMFSDL-IDS model involves data collection as the primary process utilizing the IoT devices and is preprocessed in two stages:data transformation and data *** manage big data,Hadoop ecosystem is ***,the IMFSDL-IDS model includes a hill climbing with moth flame optimization(HCMFO)for feature subset selection to reduce the complexity and increase the overall detection ***,the beetle antenna search(BAS)with variational autoencoder(VAE),called BAS-VAE technique is applied for the detection of intrusions in the feature reduced *** BAS algorithm is integrated into the VAE to properly tune the parameters involved in it and thereby raises the classification *** validate the intrusion detection performance of the IMFSDL-IDS system,a set of experimentations were carried out on the standard IDS dataset and the results are investigated under distinct *** resultant experimental values pointed out the betterment of the IMFSDL-IDS model over the compared models with the maximum accuracy 95.25%and 97.39%on the applied NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 dataset correspondingly.

关键词： Big data cybersecurity IoT networks intrusion detection deep learning metaheuristics intelligent systems

Episodic dolomitization of Paleozoic limestones in the Kinta Valley,Malaysia:Implications on porosity evolution and reservoir properties

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Energy Geoscience 2021年第4期2卷 298-307页

作者： Poon Xin Hui Mu.Ramkumar R.nagarajan Manoj J.Mathew T.F.Ng South East Asia Carbonate Research Laboratory(SEACaRL) Universiti Teknologi PETRONASBandar Seri Iskandar31750TronohPerakMalaysia Department of Geology Periyar University636011SalemIndia Department of Applied Geology Curtin UniversityMalaysia98009MiriSarawakMalaysia Shale Gas Research Group Institute of Hydrocarbon RecoveryUniversiti Teknologi PETRONAS31750TronohPerakMalaysia Department of Geology University of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia

Carbonates undergo a variety of physical,mineralogical,chemical changes during depositional and postdepositional stages that are of interest to exploration geologists and *** over,about 60%of hydrocarbon reserves occur in carbonates with the dominant proportion associated with dolomitic reservoirs,in particular fault-associated dolomites which appear to be proven hydrocarbon *** as the critical diagenetic process thus plays an important role in determining reservoir characteristics and in designing exploration *** buried Paleozoic dolomites exhibit relatively higher porosity than their counterparts,Paleozoic ***-associated dolomites are usually targets of hydrocarbon exploration due to their good reservoir *** heterogeneity in carbonate reservoirs due to varied porosity types and distribution makes reservoir characterization a daunting ***,the key elements that control porosity development and evolution in these dolomites remain *** the influence of multiphase dolomitization,associated diagenetic events,hydrothermal alteration and their causative thermo-tectonic events on porosity evolution and reservoir quality is essential to understanding the critical processes and controlling factors that result in diverse impacts on reservoir *** this paper,an attempt is made to characterize dolomitization in homogeneous carbonate mud and its relationship with porosity evolution and reservoir *** the field,six facies types excluding host limestone are recognized,which are in turn characterized into seven petrographically recognizable phases,namely the host limestone,early replacement dolomite,sucrosic dolomite,metamorphosed dolomite,late replacement dolomite,brecciated limestone and dolomite and late stage *** analyses reveal the dominance of stoichiometric dolomites,followed by calcareous dolomites and magnesium *** all the field-based f

关键词： Dolomitization Porosity evolution Paleozoic Kinta Valley Malaysia

Fast response CdS-CdSxTe(1-x)-CdTe core-shell nanobelt photodetector

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Science Bulletin 2018年第17期63卷 1118-1124页

作者： Mingwei Tang Pengfei Xu Zhong Wen Xing Chen Chenlei Pang Xuechu Xu Chao Meng Xiaowei Liu He Tian nagarajan Raghavan Qing Yang Sate Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China The Fifth Research Institute of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) Cuangzhou 510610 China Center of Electron Microscopy. Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Engiaeering Product Development (EPD) Pillar Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore 487372. Singapore Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China

Quasi-one-dimensional semiconductor nanostructure-based photodetectors show high sensitivity but suffer from slow response speed due to surface reaction. Here, we report a fast-response CdS-CdSxTei-x-CdTe core-shell nanobelt photodetector with a rise time of 11 /.is, which is the fastest among CdS based photodetectors reported previously. The improved response speed is ascribed to the sup-pressed possibilities of surface reaction resulting from the core-shell structure and heterojunction among the CdS, CdSxTel-x and CdTe. The measured response spectrum of CdS-CdSxTe1-x-CdTe core-shell nano-belt photodetector covers a wide range from 355 to 785 nm. Moreover, high responsivity （1,520 A/W） and large 3 dB bandwidth （~22.9 kHz） are obtained along with the fast response, The high performance in responsivity, sensitivity, spectral response and photoresponse speed makes this device a promising candidate for practical application in optical sensing, communication and imaging.

关键词： CdS-CdSxTel-x-CdTe Core-shell Photodetector Fast response

Formulation and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Microspheres of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride Prepared by Ionotropic External Gelation Technique

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Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences 2016年第1期6卷 22-34页

作者： nagarajan Sriram Prakash Katakam Department of Biotechnology Acharya Nagarjuna University Guntur India Department of Pharmaceutics Priyadarshini Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guntur India

Microspheres containing Pioglitazone hydrochloride were prepared by the ionotropic external gelation method, using sodium alginate with four mucoadhesive polymers namely sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, carbopol 934 P and cellulose acetate phthalate as coat materials. Ionotropic gelation is a method to prepare microspheres using combination of Ca2+ as cationic components and alginate as anion. The practical yield of prepared microspheres using the ionotropic gelation technique was between 172 mg and 604 mg. The result of the Chi-squared test carried out between the actual (practical) and expected (theoretical) yields showed no significant difference (P < 0.05) which indicated that the ionotropic gelation technique could be successfully employed to prepare pioglitazone microspheres using sodium alginate, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, carbopol 934 P, HPMC, cellulose acetate butyrate polymers. The drug entrapment efficiency of prepared microspheres showed between 56.12% ± 3.86% to 84.68% ± 2.93% which was significantly higher for ionotropic gelation technique. The highest drug entrapment was found in formulation PMI 8. Swelling index is the capability of a polymer to swell before the drug is released which influences the rate and mechanism of drug release from the polymer matrix. The swelling index of prepared microspheres was in the range of 68% ± 4.52% to 87% ± 0.98%. Pioglitazone HCl microspheres showed controlled release of drug without initial peak level achieving. This type of properties in Pioglitazone HCl microspheres used to decrease side effects, reduce dosing frequency and improve patient compliances. From the all batches PMI 8 is considered the best formulation, because among all other formulations, it shows better extent of drug release up to 82.12% (18 h), good entrapment efficiency (84.68%) and the ex-vivo wash-off test shows the best mucoadhesive property. The in vitro drug release studies do up to 18 h. As

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Mucoadhesive Microspheres Mucoadhesive Polymers Mucoadhesion Sustained Release Ionotropic External Gelation Technique

Approximate Controllability of Fractional Order Retarded Semilinear Control Systems

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International Journal of Modern Nonlinear Theory and Application 2013年第3期2卷 153-160页

作者： Simegne Tafesse nagarajan Sukavanam Department of Mathematics Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia Department of Mathematics Indian Institute Technology Roorkee (IITR) Roorkee India

In this paper, approximate controllability of fractional order retarded semilinear systems is studied when the nonlinear term satisfies the newly formulated bounded integral contractor-type conditions. We have shown the existence and uniqueness of the mild solution for the fractional order retarded semilinear systems using an iterative procedure approach. Finally, we obtain the approximate controllability results of the system under simple condition.

关键词： Approximate Controllability Fractional Order Existence and Uniqueness Retarded Semilinear System Integral Contractor