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Distribution and leaching characteristics of trace elements in ashes as a function of different waste fuels and incineration technologies

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第10期27卷 9-21页

作者： naeem saqib Mattias Backstrom Department of Science and Technology Man-Technology-Environment Research Centreorebro University

Impact of waste fuels（virgin/waste wood, mixed biofuel（peat, bark, wood chips） industrial,household, mixed waste fuel） and incineration technologies on partitioning and leaching behavior of trace elements has been investigated. Study included 4 grate fired and 9 fluidized boilers. Results showed that mixed waste incineration mostly caused increased transfer of trace elements to fly ash; particularly Pb/Zn. Waste wood incineration showed higher transfer of Cr,As and Zn to fly ash as compared to virgin wood. The possible reasons could be high input of trace element in waste fuel/change in volatilization behavior due to addition of certain waste fractions. The concentration of Cd and Zn increased in fly ash with incineration *** concentration in ashes decreased in order of Zn 〉 Cu 〉 Pb 〉 Cr 〉 Sb 〉 As 〉 Mo. The concentration levels of trace elements were mostly higher in fluidized boilers fly ashes as compared to grate boilers（especially for biofuel incineration）. It might be attributed to high combustion efficiency due to pre-treatment of waste in fluidized boilers. Leaching results indicated that water soluble forms of elements in ashes were low with few *** levels in ash and ash matrix properties（association of elements on ash particles）are crucial parameters affecting leaching. Leached amounts of Pb, Zn and Cr in 〉50% of fly ashes exceeded regulatory limit for disposal. 87% of chlorine in fly ashes washed out with water at the liquid to solid ratio 10 indicating excessive presence of alkali metal chlorides/alkaline earths.

关键词： Incineration residues Leaching behavior Biofuel incineration Metal distribution Waste incineration

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Comprehensive genetic screening reveals wide spectrum of genetic variants in monogenic forms of diabetes among Pakistani population

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第11期12卷 1957-1966页

作者： Ibrar Rafique Asif Mir Shajee Siddiqui Muhammad Arif Nadeem saqib Asher Fawwad Luc Marchand Muhammad Adnan Muhammad naeem Abdul Basit Constantin Polychronakos Department of Biological Sciences International Islamic UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics McGill University Health Centre Research InstituteMontreal H4A 3J1Canada Research Development and Coordination Pakistan Health Research CouncilIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Medicine Pakistan Institute of Medical SciencesIslamabad 44000PakistanPakistan Department of Medical Laboratory Technology National Skills UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Biochemistry Baqai Institute of Diabetology and EndocrinologyBaqai Medical UniversityKarachi 74600SindhPakistan PHRC Research Centre FJMUPakistan Health Research CouncilLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Biotechnology Quaid-I-Azam UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Medicine Baqai Institute of Diabetology and EndocrinologyBaqai Medical UniversityKarachi 74600SindhPakistan

BACKGROUND Monogenic forms of diabetes(MFD)are single gene *** diagnosis is challenging,and symptoms overlap with type 1 and type 2 *** To identify the genetic variants responsible for MFD in the Pakistani population and their *** A total of 184 patients suspected of having MFD were *** inclusion criterion was diabetes with onset below 25 years of *** demographic and clinical information were taken from the *** maturity-onset diabetes of the young(MODY)probability score was calculated,and glutamate decarboxylase ELISA was *** negative patients and features resembling MODY were selected(n=28)for exome sequencing to identify the pathogenic *** A total of eight missense novel or very low-frequency variants were identified in 7 *** variants were found in genes for MODY,***1A(c.169C>A,***57Met),KLF11(c.401G>C,***134Ala),and HNF1B(c.1058C>T,***353Leu).Five variants were found in genes other than the 14 known MODY genes,***6(c.919G>A,***307Lys),WFS1(c.478G>A,***160Lys)and WFS1(c.517G>A,***173Lys),RFX6(c.1212T>A,***404Gln)and ZBTB20(c.1049G>A,***350His).CONCLUSION The study showed wide spectrum of genetic variants potentially causing MFD in the Pakistani *** MODY genes prevalent in European population(GCK,HNF1A,and HNF4a)were not found to be common in our *** of novel variants will further help to understand the role of different genes causing the pathogenicity in MODY patient and their proper management and diagnosis.

关键词： MODY Diabetes Genetics Monogenic diabetes Monogenic forms of diabetes

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Countrywide Survey for MERS-Coronavirus Antibodies in Dromedaries and Humans in Pakistan

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Virologica Sinica 2018年第5期33卷 410-417页

作者： Ali Zohaib Muhammad saqib Muhammad Ammar Athar Jing Chen Awais-ur-Rahman Sial Saeed Khan Zeeshan Taj Halima Sadia Usman Tahir Muhammad Haleem Tayyab Muhammad Asif Qureshi Muhammad Khalid Mansoor Muhammad Ahsan naeem Bing-Jie Hu Bilal Ahmed Khan Ikram Din Ujjan Bei Li Wei Zhang Yun Luo Yan Zhu Cecilia Waruhiu Iahtasham Khan Xing-Lou Yang Muhammad Sohail Sajid Victor Max Corman Bing Yan Zheng-Li Shi CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China University of Ctunese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040Pakistan Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers and Liquid Biopsy College of PharmacyHenan UniversityHenan 475004China Department of Clinical Studies Faculty of Veterinary and Animal SciencesPMAS-Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Dow University of Health Science Pakistan Karachi 74200 Department of Microbiology Government College University FaisalabadFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Livestock and Dairy Development Department(L&DD) Lahore 54000Pakistan College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63100Pakistan State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Mlcroblology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Liaqat University of Medical and Health Science Pakistan Jamshoro 76090 Section of Epidemiology and Public Health Department of Chnical SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahore subcampusJhang 35200Pakistan Institute of Virology Chadte-Universitatsmedizin BerlinCorporate member of Free UniversityHumboldt-University and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlin 10117Germany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) Berlin 10117Germany

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic pathogen capable of causing severe respiratory disease in humans. Although dromedary camels are considered as a major reservoir host, the MERS-CoV infection dynamics in camels are not fully understood. Through surveillance in Pakistan, nasal (n = 776) and serum (n = 1050)samples were collected from camels between November 2015 and February 2018. Samples were collected from animal markets, free-roaming herds and abattoirs. An in-house ELISA was developed to detect IgG against MERS-CoV. A total of 794 camels were found seropositive for MERS-CoV. Prevalence increased with the age and the highest seroprevalence was recorded in camels aged [ 10 years (81.37%) followed by those aged 3.1–10 years (78.65%) and B 3 years (58.19%).Higher prevalence was observed in female (78.13%) as compared to male (70.70%). Of the camel nasal swabs, 22 were found to be positive by RT-qPCR though with high Ct values. Moreover, 2,409 human serum samples were also collected from four provinces of Pakistan during 2016–2017. Among the sampled population, 840 humans were camel *** we found a high rate of MERS-CoV antibody positive dromedaries (75.62%) in Pakistan, no neutralizing antibodies were detected in humans with and without contact to camels.

关键词： Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Camel -Human Pakistan

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