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An update on the influence of natural climate variability and anthropogenic climate change on tropical cyclones

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2023年第3期12卷 216-239页

作者： Suzana J.Camargo Hiroyuki Murakami nadia Bloemendaal Savin S.Chand Medha S.Deshpande Christian Dominguez-Sarmiento Juan Jesús Gonz´alez-Alem´an Thomas R.Knutson I.-I.Lin Il-Ju Moon Christina M.Patricola Kevin A.Reed Malcolm J.Roberts Enrico Scoccimarro Chi Yung(Francis)Tam Elizabeth J.Wallace Liguang Wu Yohei Yamada Wei Zhang Haikun Zhao Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia UniversityPalisadesNYUSA National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory PrincetonNJUSA University Corporation for Atmospheric Research BoulderCOUSA Vrije University Amsterdam AmsterdamNetherlands Federation University Australia BallaratVictoriaAustralia Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Ministry of Earth SciencesPuneIndia Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmosfera y Cambio Clim´atico Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico(UNAM)Mexico CityMexico Spanish State Meteorological Agency(AEMet) MadridSpain National Taiwan University TaiwanChina Jeju National University JejuRepublic of Korea Iowa State University AmesIAUSA Stony Brook University Stony BrookNYUSA Met Office ExeterUnited Kingdom Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici BolognaItaly The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong KongChina Old Dominion University NorfolkVAUSA Fudan University ShanghaiChina Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology YokohamaJapan Utah State University LoganUTUSA Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology NanjingChina

A substantial number of studies have been published since the Ninth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones(IWTC-9)in 2018,improving our understanding of the effect of climate change on tropical cyclones(TCs)and associated hazards and *** studies have reinforced the robustness of increases in TC intensity and associated TC hazards and risks due to anthropogenic climate *** modeling and observational studies suggested the potential influence of anthropogenic climate forcings,including greenhouse gases and aerosols,on global and regional TC activity at the decadal and century time ***,there are still substantial uncertainties owing to model uncertainty in simulating historical TC decadal variability in the Atlantic,and the limitations of observed TC *** projected future change in the global number of TCs has become more uncertain since IWTC-9 due to projected increases in TC frequency by a few climate models.A new paradigm,TC seeds,has been proposed,and there is currently a debate on whether seeds can help explain the physical mechanism behind the projected changes in global TC *** studies also highlighted the importance of large-scale environmental fields on TC activity,such as snow cover and air-sea *** projections on TC translation speed and medicanes are new additional focus topics in our *** and future research are proposed relevant to the remaining scientific questions and assisting policymakers.

关键词： tropical climate variability

基于LC-Q-TOF的多组织代谢组学:一种确认受富含多元酚食物影响小鼠新的代谢通路的探索工具

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基于LC-Q-TOF的多组织代谢组学:一种确认受富含多元酚食物影响小...

现在有关膳食对机体影响的代谢组学研究仅仅是研究膳食对血样和尿样的影响,而忽略了其他生物样本,例如盲肠内容物,就等于遗漏了消化系统的作用和忽略了肠道微生物菌群在代谢中的重要作用和其在生物利用率方面的影响。许多研究已经证明...

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商业战略的人权风险:以私募股权为例

国际法学刊 2024年第4期 127-154,158页

作者： [英]大卫·伯查尔 [荷]纳迪亚·伯纳兹张伟(译) 李高翔(译) 英国伦敦南岸大学荷兰瓦赫宁根大学中国政法大学人权研究院

本文将《联合国工商业与人权指导原则》应用于私募股权商业模式。私募股权公司往往采用一种颇具争议性的“价值提取”商业模式,这种模式基于高负债和极端的成本削减而为投资者赢得回报。私募股权公司拥有大量公司,包括许多与权益相关的... 详细信息

本文将《联合国工商业与人权指导原则》应用于私募股权商业模式。私募股权公司往往采用一种颇具争议性的“价值提取”商业模式,这种模式基于高负债和极端的成本削减而为投资者赢得回报。私募股权公司拥有大量公司,包括许多与权益相关的行业。这种模式与工人、住房承租人以及私有化的医疗和社会保障所面临的人权风险增加有关。本文描绘了这些风险,并分析了私募股权公司的人权责任。我们的分析对理解人权责任具有重大意义。我们认为,价值提取方法是最终损害人权的根源,即使它们未必直接地损害人权。为了尊重人权,私募股权公司必须降低这些价值提取方法的风险。本文定义了人权尽责调查如何实现这一目标,并指出,鉴于危害的程度以及缺乏采纳这种人权责任观点的商业案例,商业战略层面的人权尽责应该成为即将出台的人权尽责法律的核心组成部分。

关键词：私募股权工商业与人权联合国工商业与人权指导原则法律与政治经济学人权

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邻苯二甲酸酯浓度和膳食暴露

环境与职业医学 2013年第7期30卷 568-568页

作者： Arnold Schecter Matthew Lorber Ying Guo Qian Wu Se Hun Yun Kurunthachalam Kannan Madeline Hommel nadia Imran Linda S. Hynan Dunlei Cheng Justin A. Colacino Linda S. Bimbaum

[背景]邻苯二甲酸酯存在于许多个人护理和工业产品中,但以前没有报道表明其存在于美国食品中。邻苯二甲酸盐是广泛存在的人工合成的化合物,因此很难测量其在食品中的痕量水平。邻苯二甲酸酯与内分泌紊乱和发育改变相关联。[目的]首次报... 详细信息

[背景]邻苯二甲酸酯存在于许多个人护理和工业产品中,但以前没有报道表明其存在于美国食品中。邻苯二甲酸盐是广泛存在的人工合成的化合物,因此很难测量其在食品中的痕量水平。邻苯二甲酸酯与内分泌紊乱和发育改变相关联。[目的]首次报告美国食品中邻苯二甲酸酯的浓度,具体而言是在纽约州奥尔巴尼购买的72份食物样本中9种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的水平,并将这些结果与其他国家的相关研究进行比较,估计膳食邻苯二甲酸盐的摄入量。[方法]采用购自纽约州超市经常食用的食物作为方便抽样样本。使用气相色谱-质谱法分析这些食物。用食物食用率和该种食物中邻苯二甲酸盐浓度的乘积来估计邻苯二甲酸盐膳食摄入量。[结果]食物中各邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的检出率范围从邻苯二甲酸二环己酯(DCHP)的6%到邻苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己酯(DEHP)的74%。在除牛肉以外的所有食品中,DEHP是浓度最高的邻苯二甲酸酯[在牛肉中,邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(DnOP)是浓度最高的邻苯二甲酸酯],猪肉中的平均浓度估计值在所有食物组中最高(平均300ng/g,最大为1158ng/g)。成人摄入估计平均值范围从0.004μg(/kg.d)邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)至0.673μg(/kg.d)DEHP。[结论]邻苯二甲酸酯广泛存在于美国食物中,虽然这项研究中的邻苯二甲酸酯个体摄入估计值比美国环境保护局的参考剂量低一个数量级,但对邻苯二甲酸酯的累积暴露仍需要关注,同时需要进行更具代表性的美国食品调查。

关键词： BBzP DEHP DEP DiBP 市场需求调查邻苯二甲酸酯暴露

美国临床生化科学院检验医学实践指南:睾丸、前列腺、结直肠、乳腺及卵巢癌肿瘤标志物的应用

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临床检验杂志 2012年第2期30卷 116-160页

作者：鄢盛恺 Ulf-Hkan Stenman Rolf Lamerz Leendert H.Looijenga Nils Brünner Michael J.Duffy Caj Haglund Mads Holten-Andersen Hans JФrgen Nielsen Francisco J.Esteva nadia Harbeck Daniel F.Hayes Rafael Molina Daniel W.Chan Robert C.Bast Jr Ie-Ming Shih Lori J.Sokoll Gyrgy Slétormos 刘洋梁红艳姜晓峰田亚平薛丽林文涛顾兵潘世扬沈文梅郑磊李江卫生部中日友好医院检验科北京100029 北京豪迈生物工程有限公司北京100028

经美国临床生化科学院(NCAB)授权,由鄢盛恺教授组织学者、专家翻译审定2009年NCAB检验医学实践指南:睾丸、前列腺、结直肠、乳腺及卵巢癌中肿瘤标志物的应用单行本(Catharine ***教授和Eleftherios ***-dis教授编辑)。该指南包含第1至6... 详细信息

经美国临床生化科学院(NCAB)授权,由鄢盛恺教授组织学者、专家翻译审定2009年NCAB检验医学实践指南:睾丸、前列腺、结直肠、乳腺及卵巢癌中肿瘤标志物的应用单行本(Catharine ***教授和Eleftherios ***-dis教授编辑)。该指南包含第1至6章共6部分内容,参加指南制订的专家阵容强大,分别从临床及检验角度对睾丸、前列腺、结直肠、乳腺及卵巢癌中肿瘤标志物的检测与临床应用方面的问题进行了详细阐述与说明,是目前国内外在肿瘤实验诊断方面的纲领性应用文件。不仅适合广大检验人员、临床医护人员学习使用,也非常适合相关仪器试剂生产厂商研发应用。本指南由刘洋、薛丽、林文涛、李江、梁红艳、顾兵、潘世扬、郑磊等翻译,姜晓峰、沈文梅、田亚平、鄢盛恺审校,最后由鄢盛恺统稿审定。本指南的翻译出版,不仅有助于我国检验人员和医护人员合理的检测和应用睾丸、前列腺、结直肠、乳腺及卵巢癌肿瘤标志物,对我国检验医学指南的编写与应用也有一定的借鉴作用。本刊特在本期刊发,以飨广大读者。

关键词：肿瘤标志物临床应用实践指南检验医学临床生化前列腺结直肠卵巢癌

Sustainable strategies for Ebola virus disease outbreak preparedness in Africa:a case study on lessons learnt in countries neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第6期11卷 60-69页

作者： Caroline S.Ryan Marie‑Roseline D.Belizaire Miriam Nanyunja Olushayo Oluseun Olu Yahaya Ali Ahmed Anderson Latt Matthew Tut Kol Bertrand Bamuleke Jayne Tusiime nadia Nsabimbona Ishata Conteh Shamiso Nyashanu Patrick Otim Ramadan Solomon Fisseha Woldetsadik Jean‑Pierre Mulunda Nkata Jim T.Ntwari Senya D.Nzeyimana Leopold Ouedraogo Georges Batona Vedaste Ndahindwa Elizabeth A.Mgamb Magdalene Armah Joseph Francis Wamala Argata Guracha Guyo Alex Yao Sokemawu Freeman Alexander Chimbaru Innocent Komakech Muhau Kuku Walter M.Firmino Grace E.Saguti Faraja Msemwa Shikanga O‑Tipo Precious C.Kalubula Ngoy Nsenga Ambrose Otau Talisuna WHO Sub-Regional Ofce for Africa NairobiKenya WHO Country Ofce BanguiCentral African Republic WHO Country Ofce JubaSouth Sudan WHO Regional Ofce for Africa BrazzavilleCongo WHO Sub-Regional Ofce for Africa DakarSenegal Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Addis AbabaEthiopia WHO Country Ofce BrazzavilleCongo WHO Coun‑try Ofce BujumburaBurundi WHO Country Ofce AsmaraEritrea WHO Country Ofce KigaliRwanda WHO Country Ofce KampalaUganda WHO Country Ofce LuandaAngola WHO Country Ofce Dar Es SalaamTanzania WHO Country Ofce LusakaZambia

Background: From May 2018 to September 2022, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) experienced seven Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks within its borders. During the 10th EVD outbreak (2018–2020), the largest experienced in the DRC and the second largest and most prolonged EVD outbreak recorded globally, a WHO risk assessment identified nine countries bordering the DRC as moderate to high risk from cross border importation. These countries implemented varying levels of Ebola virus disease preparedness interventions. This case study highlights the gains and shortfalls with the Ebola virus disease preparedness interventions within the various contexts of these countries against the background of a renewed and growing commitment for global epidemic preparedness highlighted during recent World Health Assembly *** text: Several positive impacts from preparedness support to countries bordering the affected provinces in the DRC were identified, including development of sustained capacities which were leveraged upon to respond to the subsequent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Shortfalls such as lost opportunities for operationalizing cross-border regional preparedness collaboration and better integration of multidisciplinary perspectives, vertical approaches to response pillars such as surveillance, over dependence on external support and duplication of efforts especially in areas of capacity building were also identified. A recurrent theme that emerged from this case study is the propensity towards implementing short-term interventions during active Ebola virus disease outbreaks for preparedness rather than sustainable investment into strengthening systems for improved health security in alignment with IHR obligations, the Sustainable Development Goals and advocating global policy for addressing the larger structural determinants underscoring these ***: Despite several international frameworks established at the global level for e

关键词： Ebola virus disease Emergency preparedness and response Lessons learned Case study International Health Regulations Democratic Republic of the Congo

星形胶质细胞对炎症刺激的代谢反应受核因子-κB信号传导调控

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神经损伤与功能重建 2020年第5期15卷 F0003-F0003页

作者： Josephine L Robb nadia A Hammad Paul GWeightman Potter John K Chilton Craig Beall Kate L J Ellacott Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK

炎症和新陈代谢与引起细胞代谢变化的炎症刺激有着内在联系,代谢能力进而决定细胞水平炎症反应。尽管外周免疫细胞的特征已较为明晰,但对星形胶质细胞中这些“免疫代谢”反应的了解相对较少。本研究测试了以下假设:核因子-κB(NF-κB)... 详细信息

炎症和新陈代谢与引起细胞代谢变化的炎症刺激有着内在联系,代谢能力进而决定细胞水平炎症反应。尽管外周免疫细胞的特征已较为明晰,但对星形胶质细胞中这些“免疫代谢”反应的了解相对较少。本研究测试了以下假设:核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号驱动的星形胶质细胞炎性反应依赖于糖酵解代谢。我们用小鼠原代皮质星形胶质细胞培养物,以细胞因子ELISA和免疫印迹法来测量炎症反应,评估了星形细胞暴露于脂多糖(LPS)后细胞代谢的变化。结果表明,星形胶质细胞对促炎性刺激在时间上具有明显的代谢适应性:LPS处理3 h可增加糖酵解,但不会改变线粒体代谢;而LPS处理24 h后,我们观察到氧化磷酸化增加,糖酵解能力和葡萄糖摄取减少,部分原因是葡萄糖转运蛋白1的表达降低。用IKK-β抑制剂TPCA-1抑制NF-κB信号传导可防止LPS诱导的糖酵解和氧化磷酸化改变。此外,TPCA-1处理本身即改变了糖酵解和氧化磷酸化而与炎症刺激无关,表明NF-κB信号传导在星形胶质细胞基础代谢的调节中起作用。用2-脱氧葡萄糖抑制糖酵解可显著减弱LPS诱导的细胞因子释放和NF-κB磷酸化,表明完整的糖酵解过程是LPS诱导完全的炎症反应所必需的。总之,本研究数据表明星形胶质细胞对急性LPS的刺激产生免疫代谢反应,这可能代表了神经炎性疾病的潜在治疗靶标。

关键词：星形胶质细胞糖酵解炎症代谢核因子-κB

Ventilation practices in burn patients—an international prospective observational cohort study

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Burns & Trauma 2021年第1期9卷 47-57页

作者： Gerie J.Glas Janneke Horn Markus W.Hollmann Benedikt Preckel Kirsten Colpaert Manu Malbrain Ary Serpa Neto Karim Asehnoune Marcello Gamma de Abreu Ignacio Martin-Loeches Paolo Pelosi Folke Sjoerg Jan M.Binnekade Berry Cleffken Nicole P.Juffermans Paul Knape Bert G.Loef David P.Mackie Perenlei Enkhbaatar nadia Depetris Anders Perner Eva Herrero Lucia Cachafeiro Marc Jeschke Jeffrey Lipman Matthieu Legrand Johannes Horter Athina Lavrentieva Alex Kazemi Anne Berit Guttormsen Frederik Huss Mark Kol Helen Wong Therese Starr Luc De Crop Wilson de Oliveira Filho Joa Manoel Silva Junior Cintia M.C.Grion Marjorie Burnett Frederik Mondrup Francois Ravat Mathieu Fontaine Renan Le Floch Mathieu Jeanne Morgane Bacus Maite Chaussard Marcus Lehnhardt Bassem Daniel Mikhail Jochen Gille Aidan Sharkey Nicole Trommel Auke C.Reidinga Nadine Vieleers Anna Tilsley Henning Onarheim Maria Teresa Bouza Alexander Agrifoglio Filip Fredén Tina Palmieri Lynda E.Painting Marcus J.Schultz LAMiNAR investigators Academic Medical Center University of AmsterdamAmsterdamAZ 1105The Netherlands Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Therapy Medical University of Lublin Aleje Racklawickie 1–20-059 Lublin–Poland AZ JAN PALFIJN GENT Watersportlaan 5–9000 Gent–Belgium ABC Medical School SaPauloBangúSP 5001Brazil Service d’Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale Nantes 44093France University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden 01307Germany St James University Hospital Dublin D08 NHY1Ireland University of Genoa GenoaGE 16128Italy Linkoing University Hospital Linkoing 58185Sweden Maasstad Hospital RotterdamDZ 3079The Netherlands Red Cross Hospital BeverwijkLE 1942The Netherlands Martini Hospital GroningenNT 9728The Netherlands University of Texas Medical Branch GalvestonTX 77555USA Turin CTO Burn Center TurinTO 10126Italy Rigshospitalet Copenhagen 2100Denmark La Paz University Hospital Madrid 28046Spain Ross Tilley Burn Centre Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreToronto M4N 3M5Canada Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Queensland UniversityHerstonQLD 4029Australia Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre.Monash University MelbourneVIC 3004Australia GH St-Louis-Lariboisière APHPParis 75010France BG Klinik Ludwigshafen Ludwigshafen 67071Germany Papanikoalou Hospital Thessaloniki 54621Greece Middlemore Hospital OtahuhuAuckland 2025New Zealand Haukeland University Hospital Bergen 5021Norway Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala 75185Sweden Concord Repatriation General Hospital NSW University of SydneyConcord 2139Australia Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen-Stuivenberg Antwerpen 2060Belgium Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo 01246-903Brazil Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina 86057-970Brazil Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto M4N 3M5Canada CHU Lyon St Luc Lyon 69007France CHU Nantes Service dánesthesie reanimation chirugicale Nantes 44093France Hopital Roger Salengro CHRU LilleLille 59037France Saint-Louis Hospital Paris 75010France BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil Bo

Background:It is unknown whether lung-protective ventilation is applied in burn patients and whether they benefit from *** study aimed to determine ventilation practices in burn intensive care units(ICUs)and investigate the association between lung-protective ventilation and the number of ventilator-free days and alive at day 28(VFD-28).Methods:This is an international prospective observational cohort study including adult burn patients requiring mechanical *** tidal volume(V_(T))was defined as V_(T)≤8 mL/kg predicted body weight(PBW).Levels of positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP)and maximum airway pressures were *** association between V_(T) and VFD-28 was analyzed using a competing risk *** settings were presented for all patients,focusing on the first day of *** also compared ventilation settings between patients with and without inhalation ***:A total of 160 patients from 28 ICUs in 16 countries were *** V_(T) was used in 74%of patients,median V_(T) size was 7.3[interquartile range(IQR)6.2–8.3]mL/kg PBW and did not differ between patients with and without inhalation trauma(p=0.58).Median VFD-28 was 17(IQR 0–26),without a difference between ventilation with low or high V_(T)(p=0.98).All patients were ventilated with PEEP levels≥5 cmH_(2)O;80%of patients had maximum airway pressures<30 cmH_(2)***:In this international cohort study we found that lung-protective ventilation is used in the majority of burn patients,irrespective of the presence of inhalation *** of low V_(T) was not associated with a reduction in *** registration:*** *** of registration:9 December 2014.

关键词： Mechanical ventilation Inhalation trauma Lung-protective Critical care

难治性类风湿关节炎的临床特点:一项国际问卷调查研究

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英国医学杂志中文版 2019年第2期22卷 122-122页

作者： nadia MT Roodenrijs Maria J H de Hair Marlies C van der Goes Johannes WG Jacobs Paco MJ Welsing Désirée van der Heijde Daniel Aletaha Maxime Dougados Kimme L Hyrich Iain B McInnes Ulf Mueller-Ladner Ladislav Senolt Zoltan Szekanecz Jacob Mvan Laar Nagy Gyorgy 黄艳荣(译) 张卓莉(审校) 不详北京大学第一医院风湿免疫科

目的尽管按照目前欧洲抗风湿联盟(EULAR)的推荐对类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者进行治疗,难治性RA患者的临床症状却仍然没有得到完全控制,目前EULAR指南主要关注的是RA的早期治疗和药物治疗。本研究的目的在于分析难治性R... 详细信息

目的尽管按照目前欧洲抗风湿联盟(EULAR)的推荐对类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者进行治疗,难治性RA患者的临床症状却仍然没有得到完全控制,目前EULAR指南主要关注的是RA的早期治疗和药物治疗。本研究的目的在于分析难治性RA患者的临床特点,以及在患者管理中需要探索然而现有EULAR指南并未涉及的问题。方法对多个国家的风湿科医生进行问卷调查,分析难治性RA的临床特点。问卷包括多选题以及开放性问题,从开放性问题的回答中发现需要进一步阐明的问题以及现有EULAR指南需要增加的内容。结果410名受访者完成了调查问卷,关于难治性RA的特点:50%受访者认为基于28个关节评估的疾病活动评分(disease activity score assessing 28 joints,DAS28)>3.2或存在疾病活动的征象;42%受访者认为疲劳是其特点;48%认为至少两种传统合成改变病情抗风湿药(DMARDs)以及使用至少两种生物制剂或靶向合成DMARDs治疗失败;89%认为糖皮质激素不能减量到5 mg/天或泼尼松不能减量到10 mg/天或同等剂量的其他激素。另外,现有EULAR指南中应增加合并症和关节外表现的干预以及多种药物联合治疗等重要内容。结论目前风湿科医生对难治性RA的定义有很大争议。难治性RA患者的很多重要问题目前EULAR指南中均没有涉及。

关键词：难治性类风湿关节炎临床特点问卷调查改变病情抗风湿药 DMARDs 患者管理糖皮质激素国际