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Nonlinear proinflammatory effect of short-term PM_(2.5)exposure:A potential role of lipopolysaccharide

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 292-300页

作者： Fangxia Shen mutong niu Haoxuan Chen Ting Zhang Jing Li Haijie Tong Yan Wu School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Surface Science Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonGeesthacht 21502Germany School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan 250100China

The association between PM_(2.5)(particulate matter≤2.5μm)short-term exposure and its health effect is non-linear from the epidemiological studies.And this nonlinearity is suggested to be related with the PM_(2.5)heterogeneity,however,the underlying biological mechanism is still unclear.Here,a total of 38 PM_(2.5)filters were collected continuously for three weeks in winter Beijing,with the ambient PM_(2.5)varying between 10 and 270μg/m^(3).Human monocytes-derived macrophages(THP-1)were treated with PM_(2.5)water-soluble elutes at10μg/mL to investigate the PM_(2.5)short-term exposure effect from a proinflammatory perspective.The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor(TNF)induced by the PM_(2.5)elutes at equal concentrations were unequal,showing the heterogeneity of PM_(2.5)proinflammatory potentials.Of the various chemical and biological components,lipopolysaccharide(LPS)showed a strong positive association with the TNF heterogeneity.However,some outliers were observed among the TNF-LPS association.Specifically,for PM_(2.5)from relatively clean air episodes,the higher LPS amount corresponded to relatively low TNF levels.And this phenomenon was also observed in the promotion tests by treating macrophages with PM_(2.5)elutes dosed with additional trace LPS.Gene expression analysis indicated the involvement of oxidative-stress related genes in the LPS signaling pathway.Therefore,a potential oxidative-stress-mediated suppression on the PM_(2.5)-borne LPS proinflammatory effect was proposed to be accounted for the outliers.Overall,the results showed the differential role of LPS in the heterogeneity of PM_(2.5)proinflammatory effects from a component-based perspective.Future experimental studies are needed to elucidate the signaling pathway of LPS attached on PM_(2.5)from different air quality episodes.

关键词： Fine PM PM_(2.5)pro-inflammatory effects Aerosol health effect Endotoxin Oxidative stress

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Enhancement of optical characteristic of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum-well structures by self-growing air voids

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2021年第7期64卷 1583-1588页

作者： DU JinJuan XU ShengRui PENG RuoShi FAN XiaoMeng ZHAO Ying TAO HongChang SU HuaKe NIU MuTong ZHANG JinCheng HAO Yue The National Key Disciplines Laboratory of Wide Band-gap Semiconductor School of MicroelectronicsXidian UniversityXi’an710071China Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-Bionics(SINANO) Chinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215132China

InGaN/GaN multiple quantum-well(MQW) structures with a wavelength range of green were successfully grown on a c-plane GaN template with SiO_2 stripe patterns along the [11-20] and [1-100] directions as a mask. The surface morphologies of both samples were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and demonstrated anisotropic growth characteristics of GaN. The optical characteristics were investigated using Raman spectra and photoluminescence(PL). The InGaN/GaN MQW structure grown on the GaN template with SiO_2 stripes along the [1-100] orientation exhibited less stress and higher PL intensity.Transmission electron microscopy results indicated that portions of MQWs were grown on an inclined semipolar plane, and air voids occurred only when the direction of the mask stripe was along the [1-100] orientation. The enhancement of the optical characteristic was due to the air-void structure and inclined semipolar quantum-well sidewalls.

关键词： InGaN/GaN MQWs SiO_2 mask stripes optical characteristic inclined quantum-well sidewall air voids

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考虑季节特性的多时间尺度电动汽车负荷预测模型

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电力系统保护与控制 2022年第5期50卷 74-85页

作者：牛牧童廖凯杨健维向悦萍西南交通大学电气工程学院四川成都611756

当前对电动汽车(Electric Vehicle, EV)充电负荷预测的研究大多集中在短期单一时间尺度,且鲜有考虑在较长时间尺度下不同季节电动汽车充电负荷存在的差异。基于此,提出一种考虑季节特性的多时间尺度电动汽车负荷预测模型。首先,考虑季... 详细信息

当前对电动汽车(Electric Vehicle, EV)充电负荷预测的研究大多集中在短期单一时间尺度,且鲜有考虑在较长时间尺度下不同季节电动汽车充电负荷存在的差异。基于此,提出一种考虑季节特性的多时间尺度电动汽车负荷预测模型。首先,考虑季节特性对EV的电池最大载电量、里程耗电量和空调耗电量的影响,结合时空分布规律建立短期日内的电动汽车充电负荷预测模型。其次,为了展现从短期(短时间尺度)到中长期(长时间尺度)的多时间尺度特性,建立考虑多种因素影响的Bass修正模型预测未来不同年份的EV保有量。结合短期EV充电负荷预测模型,可延展至中长期EV充电负荷的预测,从而实现综合短期、中长期的多时间尺度EV负荷预测。最后,采用上海市气温信息及行车数据进行仿真验证。结果表明,所提模型可以有效地预测未来数年EV发展趋势以及考虑季节特性的多时间尺度EV充电负荷。

关键词：电动汽车负荷预测 Bass模型多时间尺度季节特性

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大气颗粒物生物化学组分的促炎症效应研究进展

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科学通报 2018年第10期63卷 968-978页

作者：申芳霞朱天乐牛牧童北京航空航天大学空间与环境学院北京102206

大气污染物暴露与呼吸系统疾病、心脑血管疾病、神经退化性疾病之间的关系,已被大量流行病学和基于动物、细胞的毒理学所确认.促炎症效应是污染物尤其是颗粒物影响健康的重要机制之一.然而,颗粒物通过何种过程引起炎症效应,哪些组分是... 详细信息

大气污染物暴露与呼吸系统疾病、心脑血管疾病、神经退化性疾病之间的关系,已被大量流行病学和基于动物、细胞的毒理学所确认.促炎症效应是污染物尤其是颗粒物影响健康的重要机制之一.然而,颗粒物通过何种过程引起炎症效应,哪些组分是促炎症效应的关键因子,依然不清楚.多环芳烃、重金属等化学组分对颗粒物促炎症效应的贡献已有大量报道.细菌、真菌、病毒、花粉等微生物及其碎片构成的生物气溶胶,基于其配体特征,在激活免疫系统引起炎症反应方面有独有的"优势".但由于对生物气溶胶进行在线监测分析有较大困难,导致缺乏对其种类、浓度等特征的全面了解,从而限制了对颗粒物中生物组分促炎症效应的认识.本文简单总结了大气颗粒物的促炎症效应,从炎症效应机制、不同组分的炎症效应及生物化学组分协同作用3个方面进行了归纳,并提出了开展大气污染健康效应研究的几点新的研究思路和方向建议.

关键词：颗粒物生物气溶胶化学组分炎症效应协同炎症效应氧化损伤

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计及电动汽车充电负荷的电力系统中长期生产模拟方法研究

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电力科学与技术学报 2023年第1期38卷 18-26页

作者：陶星宇杨健维牛牧童向悦萍廖凯何正友西南交通大学电气工程学院四川成都611756

日益增长的电动汽车充电负荷将给电力系统经济性、可靠性带来影响。电力系统生产模拟作为系统生产成本分析和可靠性评估的重要手段,有必要充分考虑电动汽车充电负荷。首先,利用蒙特卡洛抽样法,重点考虑气温对电动汽车的影响,建立电动汽... 详细信息

日益增长的电动汽车充电负荷将给电力系统经济性、可靠性带来影响。电力系统生产模拟作为系统生产成本分析和可靠性评估的重要手段,有必要充分考虑电动汽车充电负荷。首先,利用蒙特卡洛抽样法,重点考虑气温对电动汽车的影响,建立电动汽车充电负荷预测模型。然后,充分考虑电动汽车充电负荷,并采用持续负荷模型,以系统全年生产运行成本最低为目标,计及各发电机组检修计划、启停成本、运行成本约束,建立电力系统中长期生产模拟优化模型。最后,利用CPLEX求解器求解优化模型,实现电力系统生产模拟,可模拟出各机组生产运行参数、机组检修方案、系统总发电量、系统运行总成本。基于修改的IEEE‐RTS 79测试系统进行算例分析,验证所提方法的可行性,并分析电动汽车充电负荷对电力系统的影响。

关键词：电动汽车中长期生产模拟蒙特卡洛法优化模型

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环氧树脂/碳纤维/绢云母复合材料性能研究

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工程塑料应用 2006年第1期34卷 9-12页

作者：牛牧童吴伟端郭胜平华侨大学材料科学与工程学院泉州362011

采用环氧树脂(EP)与短碳纤维(SCF)通过熔融共混法制得体积电阻率较低的EP/SCF复合材料,其渗滤阈值为10%。再以EP/SCF(67/25)复合材料的配比为基准,加入不同质量份的经2%硬脂酸改性的绢云母,制备出EP/SCF/绢云母复合材料。实验结果表明,... 详细信息

采用环氧树脂(EP)与短碳纤维(SCF)通过熔融共混法制得体积电阻率较低的EP/SCF复合材料,其渗滤阈值为10%。再以EP/SCF(67/25)复合材料的配比为基准,加入不同质量份的经2%硬脂酸改性的绢云母,制备出EP/SCF/绢云母复合材料。实验结果表明,当EP、SCF、绢云母的质量比为67∶25∶10时,复合材料的体积电阻率为2.25×108Ω·cm,拉伸强度、拉伸弹性模量和冲击强度比EP分别提高了78.5%、57.5%和43.6%。

关键词：环氧树脂短碳纤维绢云母电性能力学性能

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Occupancy-aided ventilation for airborne infection risk control:Continuously or intermittently reduced occupancies?

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Building Simulation 2023年第5期16卷 733-747页

作者： Sheng Zhang Dun niu Zhang Lin School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina Division of Building Science and Technology City University of Hong KongChina

Ventilation is an important engineering measure to control the airborne infection risk of acute respiratory diseases,e.g.,Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19).Occupancy-aided ventilation methods can effectively improve the airborne infection risk control performance with a sacrifice of decreasing working productivity because of the reduced occupancy.This study evaluates the effectiveness of two occupancy-aided ventilation methods,i.e.,the continuously reduced occupancy method and the intermittently reduced occupancy method.The continuously reduced occupancy method is determined by the steady equation of the mass conservation law of the indoor contaminant,and the intermittently reduced occupancy method is determined by a genetic algorithm-based optimization.A two-scenarios-based evaluation framework is developed,i.e.,one with targeted airborne infection risk control performance(indicated by the mean rebreathed fraction)and the other with targeted working productivity(indicated by the accumulated occupancy).The results show that the improvement in the airborne infection risk control performance linearly and quadratically increases with the reduction in the working productivity for the continuously reduced occupancy method and the intermittently reduced occupancy method respectively.At a given targeted airborne infection risk control performance,the intermittently reduced occupancy method outperforms the continuously reduced occupancy method by improving the working productivity by up to 92%.At a given targeted working productivity,the intermittently reduced occupancy method outperforms the continuously reduced occupancy method by improving the airborne infection risk control performance by up to 38%.

关键词： occupancy-aided ventilation continuously reduced occupancy intermittently reduced occupancy airborne infection risk rebreathed fraction working productivity

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The First Stage of the Middle-Line South-to-North Water-Transfer Project

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Engineering 2022年第9期16卷 21-28页

作者： Xinqiang niu Changjiang Institute of Survey PlanningDesignand Research(CISPDR)Co.Ltd.Wuhan 430010China

1.Introduction The Middle-Line South-to-North Water-Transfer Project(also referred to herein as the Middle-Line Project)is a major strategic infrastructure and ecological rehabilitation project intended to alleviate the serious shortage of water resources in China’s Huang–Huai–Hai Plain,optimize the allocation of water resources,and improve the water ecology and water environment in the Beijing,Tianjin,and Hebei areas.The project is being constructed in two stages.In the first stage,the project diverts water from the Danjiangkou Reservoir of the Han River(a tributary of the Yangtze River);in the second stage,the project will be extended to the main stream of the Yangtze River for water transfer.The total length of the main canal of the first stage of the project is about 1432 km,with an average annual water-transfer volume of 9.5 billion cubic meter.The main canal crosses the four major basins(Yangtze River,Huai River,Yellow River,and Hai River)and more than 700 rivers,making the Middle-Line Project the longest large-scale inter-basin water-transfer project in the world.The first stage of the project includes the heightening of the Danjiangkou Dam,along with the construction of the head works of the Taocha canal,the main water-transfer canal,and 2387 different constructions involved in the project(tunnels,aqueducts,concealed culverts,inverted siphons,etc.).The general layout of the project is shown in Fig.1.

关键词： Middle Yangtze Tianjin

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The Three Gorges Project

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Engineering 2022年第8期8卷 17-23页

作者： Xinqiang niu Changjiang Institute of Survey PlanningDesignand Research(CISPDR)Co.Ltd.Wuhan 430010China

1.Introduction to the project The Three Gorges Project is a key backbone project for the management and development of the Yangtze River.Its dam site is located in the middle section of the Xiling Gorge at the main stream of the Yangtze River,in Sandouping Town,Yichang City,Hubei Province,with a control basin area of about 1×10^(6)km^(2),an average annual flow of 14300 m^(3)·s^(-1),an average annual runoff of 4.51×10^(11) m^(3),a normal water level at an elevation(EL)of 175 m,and a corresponding reservoir capacity of 3.93×10^(10) m^(3).

关键词： Yangtze runoff backbone

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Vascularization ability of glioma stem cells in different three-dimensional microenvironments

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2024年第1期3卷 34-43页

作者： Xuanzhi Wang Tao Xu Chaoshi niu Department of Neurosurgery The First Affliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230036China Department of Neurosurgery Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610072People's Republic of China Center for Bio-intelligent Manufacturing and Living Matter Bioprinting Research Institute of Tsinghua University in ShenzhenTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518057People's Republicof China

Glioblastoma(GBM)is among the most common and aggressive adult central nervous system tumors.One prominent charac-teristic of GBM is the presence of abnormal microvessels.A significant correlation between angiogenesis and prognosis has been observed.Accurately reconstructing this neovascula-rization and tumor microenvironment through personalized in vitro disease models presents a significant challenge.However,it is crucial to develop new anti-angiogenic therapies for GBM.In this study,3D bioprinted glioma stem cell(GSC)-laden hydrogel scaffolds,hybrid Gsc hydrogels and ceil-free hydrogel scaffolds were manufactured to investigate the vas-cularization ability of GsCs in varying 3D microenvironments.

关键词： 3D bioprinting xenograft tumors GSC-laden hydrogel scaffold glioblastoma angiogenesis

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