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Effects of substituting chemical fertilizers with manure on rice yield and soil labile nitrogen in paddy fields of China: A meta-analysis

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Pedosphere 2023年第1期33卷 172-184页

作者： Qiong HOU Yuemin ni Shan HUANG Ting ZUO Jian WANG wuzhong ni College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and EnvironmentHangzhou 310058China Agricultural Experimental Station Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Substituting chemical fertilizers with manure is an important method for efficient nutrient management in rice cropping systems of *** nitrogen(N)is the most active component of the soil N pool and plays an essential role in soil ***,the effects of manure substitution on soil labile N in rice cropping systems and their relationships with soil properties,fertilization practices,and climatic conditions remain unclear and should be systematically ***,we investigated rice grain yield and four types of soil labile N that have been widely reported,including available nitrogen(AN),ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(−)-N),and microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN).We reviewed 187 published articles and performed a meta-analysis to quantify the effects of manure substitution on yield and soil labile *** results showed that manure substitution increased AN,MBN,NH+4-N,and NO−3-N by 11.3%,38.5%,5.9%,and 8.1%,*** substitution significantly increased the yield by 1.4%–5.9%,but full substitution significantly decreased the yield by 2.9%.The positive effects of manure substitution on yield and AN were stronger with long-term *** differences in responses varied across specific manure types,N application rates,soil properties,and climatic *** conclusion,manure substitution can increase soil labile N and is regarded as an efficient strategy for improving soil N fertility and a recommended measure for applying both chemical and organic fertilizers in rice *** study provides evidence of the effects of manure substitution on yield enhancement by increasing soil labile N.

关键词： available nitrogen climatic factors fertilization practices manure substitution microbial biomass nitrogen soil properties

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Effect of nitrification inhibitor DMPP on nitrogen leaching, nitrifying organisms, and enzyme activities in a rice-oilseed rape cropping system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第2期20卷 149-155页

作者： LI Hua LIANG Xinqiang CHEN Yingxu LIAN Yanfeng TIAN Guangming ni wuzhong College of Environmental and Resource Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China Research Academe of Environment and Science of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310007 China

DMPP （3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate） has been used to reduce nitrogen （N） loss from leaching or denitrification and to improve N supply in agricultural land. However, its impact on soil nitrifying organisms and enzyme activities involved in N cycling is largely unknown. Therefore, an on-farm experiment, for two years, has been conducted, to elucidate the effects of DMPP on mineral N （NH4^＋- N and NO3^--N） leaching, nitrifying organisms, and denitrifying enzymes in a rice-oilseed rape cropping system. Three treatments including urea alone （UA）, urea ＋ 1% DMPP （DP）, and no fertilizer （CK）, have been carded out. The results showed that DP enhanced the mean NH4^＋-N concentrations by 19.1%-24.3%, but reduced the mean NO3^--N concentrations by 44.9%-56.6% in the leachate, under a two-year rice-rape rotation, compared to the UA treatment. The population of ammonia oxidizing bacteria, the activity of nitrate reductase, and nitrite reductase in the DP treatment decreased about 24.5%-30.9%, 14.9%-43.5%, and 14.7%-31.6%, respectively, as compared to the UA treatment. However, nitrite oxidizing bacteria and hydroxylamine reductase remained almost unaffected by DMPP. It is proposed that DMPP has the potential to either reduce NO3^--N leaching by inhibiting ammonia oxidization or N losses from denitrification, which is in favor of the N conversations in the rice-oilseed rape cropping system.

关键词： DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) nitrification inhibitor nitrifying organisms nitrogen leaching soil enzymes

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Sedum alfredii H:A new Zn hyperaccumulating plant first found in China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第19期47卷 1634-1637页

作者： YANG Xiao’e LONG Xinxian ni wuzhong FU Chenxin College of Natural Resource and Environmental Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310029China College of Biology Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310029China

Field survey and greenhouse experiments were carried out to identify and characterize zinc (Zn) uptake and accumulation by a new Zn hyperaccumulating plant species (Sedum alfredii Hance) native to China. Zinc concentration in the shoots of Sedum alfredii Hance grown on an ancient mined area ranged from 4134 to 5000 mg/kg, with a mean of 4515 mg/kg. It suggests that Sedum alfredii could not only grow on heavily Pb/Zn contaminated soils, but also could accumulate extraordinarily high concentration of Zn. Under nutrient solution culture conditions, Sedum alfredii Hance grew healthy at Zn supplying levels from 0.006 to 240 mg · L-1. Zinc concentration in the shoots increased with external Zn levels increasing. The Zn concentration and accumulation in the shoots reached the highest at Zn supply level of SO mg/L, with 19.67 g/kg and 19.83 nig/plant, respectively. All the results showed that Sedum alfredii Hance is a new Zn hyperaccumulating plant. This provides a new plant material to explore mechanism of

关键词： Sedum alfredii Hance zinc hyperaccumulator.

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Sodium and Potassium Absorption and Distribution in Relation to Growth and Internal Potassium Use Efficiency of K-efficient and -inefficient rice genotypes

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Pedosphere 2001年第3期11卷 235-242页

作者： LIU JIANXIANG YANG XIAOE ni wuzhong and YANG YUAI College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029 (China) 浙江大学浙江杭州 310029

A pot experiment with two rice (Oriza sativa L.) genotypes differing in internal potassium use efficiency (IKUE) was conducted under different sodium (Na) and potassium (K) levels. Adding NaCl at a proper level enhanced rice vegetative growth and increased grain yield and IKUE under low potassium. Addition of higher rate of NaCl had a negative effect on the growth of the K-efficient rice genotype, but did not for the K-inefficient genotype. Under low-K stress, higher NaCl decreased IKUE of the K-efficient rice genotype but increased IKUE for the K-inefficient genotype. At tillering stage and under low-K stress, adding NaCl increased K and Na contents and decreased the ratio of K/Na for both genotypes. At harvesting stage under low-K stress, adding NaCl increased K and Na contents and K/Na ratio for the K-efficient genotype but decreased the K/Na ratio for the K-inefficient genotype. The accumulated Na was mostly deposited in the roots and sheaths. At tillering stage, the K and Na contents and the K/Na ratios in different parts for both genotypes decreased in the following sequence: K+ in sheaths > K+ in blades > K+ in roots; Na+ in roots > Na+ in sheaths > Na+ in blades; and K/Na in sheaths 》 K/Na in roots. The K-efficient genotype had a lower K/Na ratio in roots and sheaths than the K-inefficient genotype under low-K stress. At harvesting stage, K and Na contents in grains were not affected, whereas K/Na ratio in the rice straws was increased for the K-efficient genotype but decreased for the K-inefficient genotype by Na addition. However, this was not the case under K sufficient condition.

关键词： distribution internal K use efficiency (IKUE) K Na rice genotypes

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Occurrence of nitrification-denitrification and gaseous nitrogen loss process in flooded rice soil

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第1期17卷 6-10页

作者： ni wuzhong, LI Jianping and ZHU Zhaoliang (College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China) College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

Flooding in wetland rice fields soon after transplanting results in displacement of soil air (including O2). Thus any dissolved O2 in the pore water is consumed out by microbial respiration in a short period. Supply of O2 to the flooded rice soil is by diffusion of O2 through the standing floodwater and consumption at the soil-water interface, and by exudation of O2 by rice roots and subsequent diffusion of O2 into the rhizosphere. The greater potential consumption of O2 compared to the renewal rate results in the development of distinct soil layers: oxidized soil layers under soil-water interface and in the rhizosphere, and reduced soil layers or reduced bulk soil. nitrification in oxidized soils and denitrification in reduced soils have been known. Currently, denitrification in oxidized soils, even in standing floodwater, has also been identified. In this article, we present a modified nitrification and denitrification occurring mechanism in flooded rice soil.

关键词： denitrification flooded rice soil gaseous nitrogen loss nitrification.

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炭化污泥吸附染料的性能及其在处理印染废水中的应用

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环境工程学报 2011年第6期5卷 1278-1282页

作者：孙建兵李雪莲倪吾钟浙江大学环境与资源学院教育部污染环境修复与生态健康重点实验室农业部面源污染控制重点实验室杭州310029

采用等温吸附实验,比较研究了活性炭和炭化污泥染料吸附特性。结果表明,活性炭和炭化污泥对次甲基蓝、酸性大红GR、碱性紫3种染料的等温(25±2℃)吸附曲线可用Langmuir或Freundlich方程来描述,回归系数为0.94～0.99,达到极显著水平(P<0.... 详细信息

采用等温吸附实验,比较研究了活性炭和炭化污泥染料吸附特性。结果表明,活性炭和炭化污泥对次甲基蓝、酸性大红GR、碱性紫3种染料的等温(25±2℃)吸附曲线可用Langmuir或Freundlich方程来描述,回归系数为0.94～0.99,达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。根据Langmuir方程计算得出,炭化污泥对次甲基蓝、酸性大红GR、碱性紫3种染料的最大吸附量分别为15.72、19.42和10.24 mg/g,活性炭对3种染料的最大吸附量分别为22.47、36.36和11.30 mg/g;炭化污泥对3种染料的最大吸附量分别可以达到活性炭最大吸附量的69.96%、53.41%和90.62%。根据Freundlich方程计算结果,N值均大于1,表明炭化污泥和活性炭对次甲基蓝、酸性大红GR、碱性紫3种染料为优惠型吸附。印染废水脱色实验结果表明,炭化污泥的实际脱色效果与活性炭没有明显差异,说明炭化污泥可替代活性炭处理印染废水。

关键词：炭化污泥活性炭吸附印染废水

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基于排放绩效的浙江省火电行业NO_x总量控制研究

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环境污染与防治 2017年第6期39卷 696-698页

作者：徐继先倪吴忠林阳春浙江省排污权交易中心浙江杭州310015 浙江环境监测工程有限公司浙江杭州310015

从浙江省火电行业入手,根据NO_x排放现状,结合环境保护管理政策、行业排放水平及应用状况综合分析,探索适合浙江省火电行业的NO_x排放绩效,为火电行业NO_x总量控制与初始排污权核定提供依据。

关键词：火电行业排放绩效 NOx

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稻-麦轮作体系不同施肥模式对氮肥利用效率和土壤有效养分平衡的影响

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水土保持学报 2021年第1期35卷 213-221,228页

作者：左婷王新霞侯琼倪亮倪玥敏王剑倪吾钟浙江大学环境与资源学院浙江省农业资源与环境重点实验室杭州310058 浙江大学农业试验站杭州310058

土壤肥力和养分利用效率是保障可持续粮食生产的基础。通过田间试验研究了稻—麦轮作体系下不同施肥模式氮肥利用效率和土壤有效养分的变化,结果表明:在减少养分总投入量的条件下,有机肥部分替代化肥处理(RF-OM和RF-S处理)水稻地上部总... 详细信息

土壤肥力和养分利用效率是保障可持续粮食生产的基础。通过田间试验研究了稻—麦轮作体系下不同施肥模式氮肥利用效率和土壤有效养分的变化,结果表明:在减少养分总投入量的条件下,有机肥部分替代化肥处理(RF-OM和RF-S处理)水稻地上部总生物量显著高于LRF处理(P<0.05),与FP处理差异不大;小麦秸秆生物量与FP和LRF处理差异均不显著,籽粒生物量及地上部总生物量与LRF处理相差不大。水稻收获期RF-OM处理地上部主要器官含氮量与LRF处理差异不显著,氮素积累总量显著高于LRF处理(P<0.05);小麦收获期RF-OM和RF-S处理秸秆、籽粒含氮量和氮素积累量与LRF处理均无显著差异。收获期RF-OM和RF-S处理水稻糙米和稻壳、小麦秸秆和籽粒含磷量及磷素积累量与FP和LRF处理差异都不大;水稻秸秆、稻壳及小麦秸秆含钾量和钾素积累量均显著高于FP和LRF处理(P<0.05)。有机肥部分替代化肥处理水稻、小麦氮肥农学利用率、氮肥表观回收率和氮肥偏生产力与FP和LRF处理相比均显著提高(P<0.05),氮素籽粒生产效率也高于FP和LRF处理,甚至达到显著水平(P<0.05)。试验表明,水稻、小麦收获期增钾处理(RF-OM和RF-S处理)土壤速效钾、缓效钾含量显著高于FP和LRF处理(P<0.05),水稻收获期土壤碱解氮和小麦收获期土壤有效磷含量与LRF处理差异不大,同时,经1个稻—麦轮作周期后,4个施肥处理土壤有效养分(碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、缓效钾)含量均高于供试土壤。有机肥部分替代化肥能显著提高稻麦氮肥利用效率,有利于土壤有效养分平衡,并显著提高土壤速效钾和缓效钾养分含量,是适宜的稻麦化肥减量和稳产增效施用技术。

关键词：水稻小麦有机肥化肥部分替代氮肥利用效率土壤有效养分

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西苕溪流域主要经济林土壤磷素流失风险研究

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土壤学报 2021年第2期58卷 487-494页

作者：王肖君王季丰侯琼冷明珠倪吾钟浙江大学环境与资源学院浙江省农业资源与环境重点实验室杭州310058 浙江省安吉县农业农村局浙江安吉313300

经济林土壤磷素积累与潜在流失风险的研究对流域内磷素管理和面源污染控制十分必要。通过采样调查和室内分析研究了西苕溪流域主要经济林土壤测试磷的状况及磷素流失的潜在风险,调查采集了西苕溪流域安吉段主要经济林(毛竹、白茶、板栗... 详细信息

经济林土壤磷素积累与潜在流失风险的研究对流域内磷素管理和面源污染控制十分必要。通过采样调查和室内分析研究了西苕溪流域主要经济林土壤测试磷的状况及磷素流失的潜在风险,调查采集了西苕溪流域安吉段主要经济林(毛竹、白茶、板栗)土壤样品105个,探讨了土壤理化性质对土壤磷素流失的影响以及土壤有效磷的控制阈值。结果表明,土壤水溶性磷(WEP)与土壤有机碳(SOC)、全磷(TP)呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),模拟酸雨浸提磷(SARP)也与土壤SOC、TP呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),土壤WEP、SARP与pH呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),但决定系数R2分别仅有0.187~0.280,影响相对较小。土壤WEP、SARP与有效磷(Bray 1-P)的关系可用分段线性回归方程描述(P<0.01),R2分别可达0.992、0.991,估算得出,与WEP、SARP相对应的土壤Bray 1-P的阈值分别为93.63、87.68 mg×kg^(-1),后者较前者降低了5.95 mg×kg^(-1)。此外,土壤Bray 1-P含量超过40 mg×kg^(-1)、低于5 mg×kg^(-1)的样品占比分别可达17.14%、38.01%,缺磷与磷过度积累现象并存。土壤磷素的流失风险主要受土壤Bray 1-P、TP、SOC、pH等因素的影响,其中Bray 1-P是最重要的影响因子。酸雨会加大土壤磷素流失的潜在风险,作为酸雨频发区域的西苕溪流域,土壤有效磷水平的限制应更为严格。

关键词：西苕溪流域经济林土壤测试磷阈值模拟酸雨

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田间条件下施用石灰石及调理剂降低土壤镉可提取性的效应

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水土保持学报 2021年第4期35卷 334-340,368页

作者：王剑杨婷婷朱有为倪吾钟浙江大学环境与资源学院浙江省农业资源与环境重点实验室杭州310058 浙江省耕地质量与肥料管理总站杭州310020

原位钝化是镉污染稻田土壤修复的主要方法之一,钝化剂的选择对修复效果十分关键。通过3个田间试验和示范区对比调查研究了施用石灰石及主要调理剂对稻田土壤镉的钝化效应,并提出有效的技术措施。结果表明,施用足量石灰石(≥3.75 t/hm^(... 详细信息

原位钝化是镉污染稻田土壤修复的主要方法之一,钝化剂的选择对修复效果十分关键。通过3个田间试验和示范区对比调查研究了施用石灰石及主要调理剂对稻田土壤镉的钝化效应,并提出有效的技术措施。结果表明,施用足量石灰石(≥3.75 t/hm^(2),试验Ⅰ)、钙镁磷肥(3.75 t/hm^(2),试验Ⅲ)和生物质炭(9.00 t/hm^(2),试验II;7.50 t/hm^(2),试验Ⅲ)、石灰(3.00 t/hm^(2),试验Ⅲ)碱性调理剂均能显著提高土壤pH,降低土壤Cd提取率(P<0.05);施用硅藻土(8.25 t/hm^(2))和羟基磷灰石(3.75 t/hm^(2))也能降低土壤Cd提取率。其中施用石灰石11.25 t/hm^(2)能使Cd提取率降低21个百分点;施用硅藻土8.25 t/hm^(2)(试验Ⅱ)、生物质炭9.00 t/hm^(2)(试验Ⅱ)可以显著降低土壤Cd提取率(P<0.05),分别降低10,19个百分点。试验Ⅲ中与对照相比,施用石灰3.00 t/hm^(2)、钙镁磷肥3.75 t/hm^(2)、生物质炭7.50 t/hm^(2)处理的土壤pH显著提高(P<0.05),石灰、钙镁磷肥、生物质炭、羟基磷灰石3.75 t/hm^(2)处理的土壤Cd提取率显著降低(P<0.05);同时发现,石灰处理土壤pH显著高于钙镁磷肥、生物质炭、羟基磷灰石3个处理,而土壤Cd提取率则显著小于后三者。对比调查的相关性分析结果表明,Cd提取率与土壤pH呈显著负相关,与土壤有效态Cd含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。聚类分析得出,可将不同调理剂对土壤镉的钝化效应分为5类,钝化效应较大的为石灰6.00,9.00 t/hm^(2)和GSA-46.00,9.00 t/hm^(2),可优先用于实际的钝化修复,而钝化效应不显著的有海泡石4.50 t/hm^(2)、沸石4.50 t/hm^(2)、腐殖质4.50 t/hm^(2)和羟基磷灰3.00 t/hm^(2),则不予以推荐。

关键词：稻田土壤镉钝化技术效应评价

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