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Cascading adaptation of rural livelihood to changing environment:Conceptual framework and experiment from the Koshi River basin

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第2期11卷 141-157页

作者： FANG Yi-Ping ZHU Ran ZHANG Chen-Jia Golam RASUL nilhari neupane Institute of Mountain Hazards&Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610041China College of Resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development GPO Box3226KathmanduNepal Center of Research for Environment Energy and WaterKathmandu44600Nepal

Rural communities in the Koshi River basin,a trans-boundary river basin in the Hindu Kush-Himalayas,have been experiencing unprecedented difficulties for adapting with the livelihood challenges arising from floods,droughts and other climatic,environmental and socio-economic *** single purpose adaptation approach often fails to address the multiple challenges arises from cascading effects of climate change at different scales and *** fill this gap,we developed a multi-dimensional flexible adaptation framework looking at the four dimensions of adaptation,structure,issue,time,and space(SITS).The SITS framework provides a comprehensive approach for cascading adaptation at trans-boundary river basin level and it could effectively enhance the adaptive capacity and transform livelihood outcome if properly *** the SITS framework,we examined four cascading adaptation pathways for:i)reducing disaster stressors on livelihoods,ii)enhancing access to crucial livelihood capitals,iii)improving equal rights to livelihood,and iv)strengthening synergies and exploiting complementarities at trans-boundary river basin *** findings revealed that in the context of changing climate,it is necessary to employ different livelihood adaptation strategies and multiple responses simultaneously or sequentially to successfully adapt to the cascading effects of changing *** cascading adaptation may provide a sound basis on which to cope with the climate uncertainty through realistic scenarios of structure,issue,time and *** implementation,however,has several obstacles,for example,differences in national system,investment capacity,complexity of trans-boundary basin,remained particularly in trans-boundary river basin where managing transnational trade-offs and harness spatial synergies are critically important.

关键词： Cascading adaptation Rural livelihood Trans-boundary river basin SITS framework

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Shifting dynamics of nature, society and agriculture in the Hindu Kush Himalayas: Perspectives for future mountain development

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第5期16卷 1133-1149页

作者： BHATTA Laxmi Dutt SHRESTHA Anil neupane nilhari JODHA Narpat Singh WU Ning International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) Department of Viticulture and Enology California State UniversityFresno Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)

Current approaches for sustainable mountain development have several persisting warning signals. Economic globalization, profitoriented market development, and infrastructure development have significantly altered traditional nature-society interactions, increased environmental pressures, and challenged agricultural sustainability in the mountains. Some of the effects of globalization could also be beneficial. Social differentiation and disintegration of mountain communities' have weakened their collective stakes on natural resources resulting in decline in initiatives such as community forestry, collective water management, domestication of rapidly disappearing herbal species, and balancing of economic and ecological concerns. Population growth, food insecurity, unemployment, and increasing economic gaps between rich and poor have led to out-migration of youth. Sustained action promoting ownership of new initiatives for rehabilitating degraded mountain landscapes through macro-level global/national initiatives, mountain specific planning and development efforts is severely lacking in many areas on the Hindu Kush Himalayan region. Therefore, there is an urgent need for widening the scope of efforts directed to help mountain areas and communities, and a future thinking approach to enhance the sustainability of mountain areas as they are a valuable natural resource for humankind. This paper discusses the issues, opportunities, and provides suggestions for the future of mountain development.

关键词： Environment Migration Mountain agriculture Mountain development Sustainability

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Spatiotemporal analysis of drought variability based on the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index in the Koshi River Basin, Nepal

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第5期13卷 433-454页

作者： Nirmal M DAHAL XIONG Donghong nilhari neupane Belayneh YIGEZ ZHANG Baojun YUAN Yong Saroj KOIRALA LIU Lin FANG Yiping Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Branch of Sustainable Mountain Development Kathmandu Center for Research and EducationCAS-TUKathmandu 44600Nepal Sino-Nepal Joint Research Centre for Geography IMHE-TU-YNUKathmandu 44600Nepal International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development(ICIMOD) LalitpurGPO 3226Nepal

Drought is an inevitable condition with negative impacts in the agricultural and climatic sectors,especially in developing *** study attempts to examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of drought and its trends in the Koshi River Basin(KRB)in Nepal,using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI)over the period from 1987 to *** Mann-Kendall test was used to explore the trends of the SPEI *** study illustrated the increasing annual and seasonal drought trends in the KRB over the study ***,the hill region of the KRB showed substantial increasing drought trends at the annual and seasonal scales,especially in summer and *** mountain region also showed a significant increasing drought trend in *** drought characteristic analysis indicated that the maximum duration,intensity,and severity of drought events were observed in the KRB after *** Terai region presented the highest drought frequency and intensity,while the hill region presented the longest maximum drought ***,the spatial extent of drought showed a significant increasing trend in the hill region at the monthly(drought station proportion of 7.6%/10 a in August),seasonal(drought station proportion of 7.2%/10 a in summer),and annual(drought station proportion of 6.7%/10 a)*** findings of this study can assist local governments,planners,and project implementers in understanding drought and developing appropriate mitigation strategies to cope with its impacts.

关键词： drought duration drought intensity drought severity standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index mountains hills Terai

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Coupling metal-organic frameworks and wood-based carbon for water remediation

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5661-5669页

作者： Akhter Zia Manish neupane Aidan McGlone Rui He Ruikun Xin Yifeng Liu Qiangu Yan Jinwu Wang Ling Li Zhiyong Cai Pei Dong Yingchao Yang Department of Mechanical Engineering University of MaineOronoME 04469USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Department of Mechanical Engineering George Mason UniversityFairfaxVA 22030USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA Forest Products Laboratory USDAMadisonWI 53726USA School of Forestry Resources University of MaineOronoME 04469USA

Fresh and clean water is highly demanded throughout the *** effectively address the need,nanomaterials enabled nanotechnology has been explored as a means of more efficient,reliable,and environmentally friendly approach towards water treatment *** concern in adopting nanomaterials is how to retrieve them from water body to avoid secondary *** this work,the earth abundant and sustainable wood,e.g.,basswood,was selected and carbonized into porous carbon as host skeleton,and metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),e.g.,MOF-199 with extremely high surface area,were grown throughout all channels in the porous basswood *** the traditional organic pollutant,methyl orange(MO),the combination of MOFs and basswood carbon(MOFs@carbon)demonstrates a remarkable adsorption capacity,which is 243%and 454%higher than basswood carbon and MOF-199,*** an outstanding adsorption performance originates from that the positively charged carbon pulls MO molecules close to carbon surface,leading to a high MO molecule concentration,and then the concentration gradient drives the MO molecules to be stored inside MOFs,functioning like *** findings highlight the potential application of coupled MOFs and biomass carbon in addressing water remediation.

关键词： metal-organic framework(MOF)-199 basswood carbon MOFs@carbon methyl orange

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Diversity of Orchids in Terms of Their Distribution, Uses and Conservation in Annapurna Conservation Area of Nepal

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 422-440页

作者： Babu Lal Tiruwa Basu Dev neupane Rabin Kadariya Chiranjibi Prasad Pokheral Bijaya Pant National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC)-Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP) Pokhara Nepal Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal

The Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA), the first conservation area and the largest protected area (PA) in Nepal, is incredibly rich in biodiversity. Notwithstanding this, orchids in the ACA have not been explored enough yet thus making the need for ambitious research to be carried out. Previous study only included 81 species of orchids within ACA. This study aims to update the record of species and genera richness in the ACA. In total 198 species of orchids, belonging to 67 genera (40% and 62% of the total recorded orchid species and genera in Nepal) has been recorded in ACA. This represents an increase of 144% in species and 56% in genera over the previous data. Out of the 198 species, 99 were epiphytes, 6 were holomycotrophic and 93 were terrestrial. Among the 67 genera, Bulbophyllum (17) species were dominant, followed by Dendrobium (16), Herminium (10), Coelogyne, Plantanthera (9 each), Eria, Habenaria, Oberonia (8 each), Calanthe (7), and Liparis (6). Fifty-six species were found to be ornamentally significant and 85 species medicinally significant.

关键词： Orchids Annapurna Conservation Area Diversity Distribution Uses

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The Congo Basin Zonal Overturning Circulation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第6期33卷 767-782页

作者： Naresh neupane Department of Geological Sciences Jackson School of GeosciencesThe University of Texas at Austin

The Gulf of Guinea in the equatorial Atlantic is characterized by the presence of strong subsidence at certain times of the year. This subsidence appears in June and becomes well established from July to September. Since much of the West African monsoon flow originates over the Gulf, Guinean subsidence is important for determining moisture sources for the monsoon. Using reanalysis products, I contribute to a physical understanding of what causes this seasonal subsidence, and how it relates to precipitation distributions across West Africa. There is a seasonal zonal overturning circulation above the Congo basin and the Gulf of Guinea in the ERA-Interim, ERA-40, NCEP2, and MERRA reanalyses. The up-branch is located in the Congo basin around 20°E. Mid-tropospheric easterly flows constitute the returning-branch and sinking over the Gulf of Guinea forms the down-branch, which diverges at 2°W near the surface, with winds to the east flowing eastward to complete the circulation. This circulation is driven by surface temperature differences between the eastern Gulf and Congo basin. Land temperatures remain almost uniform, around 298 K, throughout a year, but the Guinean temperatures cool rapidly from 294 K in May to about 290 K in August. These temperature changes increase the ocean/land temperature contrast, up to 8 K, and drive the circulation. I hypothesize that when the overturning circulation is anomalously strong, the northward moisture transport and Sahelian precipitation are also strong. This hypothesis is supported by ERA-Interim and PERSIANN-CDR （Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record） data.

关键词： climate atmospheric dynamics monsoon

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Secrecy sum-rate analysis of massive MIMO systems under dual-threat attacks using normalization methods

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Digital Communications and Networks 2019年第4期5卷 237-244页

作者： Kishan neupane Rami J.Haddad Dept.of Electrical and Computer Eng.Georgia Southern UniversityStatesboroGA30460USA

Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO)has been considered as an emerging technology to enhance the spectral and energy efficiency for the upcoming wireless communication *** paper derives a closedform approximation for the Ergodic Achievable Secrecy Sum-Rate(EASSR)by considering the joint impact of eavesdroppers and *** widely used linear precoding techniques,Zero-Forcing(ZF)and Maximum Ratio Transmission(MRT),were used in conjunction with matrix and vector normalization to analyze the secrecy ***-form expressions are used to explain how the secrecy performance is affected when using the ZF and MRT precoding in the eavesdropping and jamming attack *** also analyze and compare the performances of different combinations of normalization method and precoding technique in various *** the analytical expressions and simulation results,we observe that the vector and matrix normalization perform better for the ZF precoding than for the MRT precoding in high Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR)***,in low SNR,the MRT with matrix normalization outperforms the ZF with vector normalization regardless of the number of users in the ***,we observe that the MRT fails to serve more than two users in high SNR *** results obtained from Monte Carlo simulation are used to corroborate the accuracy of the asymptotic secrecy analysis.

关键词： Massive MIMO Linear precoding Normalization methods Secrecy analysis

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Motive-based segmentation of international tourists at Gaurishankar Conservation Area,Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第1期18卷 205-218页

作者： Rojan BANIYA Brijesh THAPA Ramesh PAUDYAL Suman Shree neupane Department of Tourism Hospitality and Event ManagementUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611-8208USA School of Hospitality and Tourism Management Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA School of Forest Resources and Conservation University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Kathmandu Forestry College Tribhuvan UniversityKathmandu 44600Nepal

Gaurishankar Conservation Area(GCA)is a recently established natural-based protected area in Nepal,which has witnessed an increase in international *** optimize visitor experience,it is essential to examine motivations to visit along with visitors’characteristics and behavioral *** purpose of this study was to examine international tourists via a motive-based segmentation approach for *** addition,the study also intended to identify visitor segments’profile characteristics such as socio-demographic,travel behaviors,satisfaction,loyalty intention,and their willingness to pay for higher entrance ***(N=121)were collected among international tourists visiting GCA either as a primary destination or as a transit *** identified three distinct segments of visitors–‘local art and culture enthusiast’,‘escapist’,and‘nature adventurer.’Each cluster was different with regards to their sociodemographics,travelbehavior,satisfaction,willingness to revisit and recommend,and willingness to pay to support the environment and cultural resources,and local *** insights gained from motive-based segmentation can be beneficial to GCA to develop specific products and promotions and incorporate visitor monitoring&management programs.

关键词： Nature-based tourism Parks Protected areas Motivations Motive-based segmentation Visitor management

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A concise overview on historical black carbon in ice cores and remote lake sediments in the northern hemisphere

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2021年第3期13卷 179-194页

作者： Poonam Thapa JianZhong Xu Bigyan neupane State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Black Carbon(BC),as a driver of environmental change,could significantly impact the snow by accelerating melting and decreasing *** documentation of BC studies is crucial for a better understanding of its spatial and temporal *** study reviewed the BC studies in the ice core and remote lake sediments and their sources in the northern *** literature surveyed points to around 2.9 to 3.7 times increase of BC in the European Alps and up to a three-fold increase of BC in the Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau(HTP)after the onset of industrialization in Europe and Asia,*** concentration from Greenland ice core showed seven times increase with an interrupted trend after 1950'*** Asian emissions were dominant in the HTP along with a contribution from the Middle East,whereas Western European and local emissions were responsible for the change in BC concentration in the European *** the Arctic,contributions from North America,Europe and Asia ***,a historical reconstruction of lake sediments records demonstrates the effects of emissions from long-range transport,sediment focusing,local anthropogenic activities,precipitation and total input of flux on the BC concentration.

关键词： black carbon ice core lake sediment Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau Arctic European Alps

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Delivery methods for CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in crustaceans

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2020年第1期2卷 1-5页

作者： Sen Xu Thinh Phu Pham Swatantra neupane Department of Biology University of Texas at Arlington501 S.Nedderman Dr.ArlingtonTX 76019USA

In this mini-review,we provide an up-to-date overview of the delivery methods that have been used for CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing in crustacean *** embryonic microinjection as the main workforce for delivering CRISPR/Cas9 reagents,biologists working with crustacean species have to tackle the technical challenges involved in *** use examples of three Crustacean species(the branchiopod Daphnia,amphipod Parhyale hawaiensis,and decapod Exopalaemon carinicauda)to provide a technical guide for embryonic ***,we outline two potentially useful new techniques for delivering CRISPR/Cas9 components into crustaceans,i.e.,Receptor-Mediated Ovary Transduction of Cargo(ReMOT Control)and electroporation.

关键词： Microinjection Electroporation Vitellogenesis Daphnia Parhyale hawaiensis Exopalaemon carinicauda

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