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Microwave Scattering for Soil Texture at X-Band and Its Retrieval Using Genetic Algorithm

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2014年第3期3卷 120-127页

作者： Rajesh Tiwari R. K. singh D. S. chauhan O. P. singh R. Prakash D. singh Uttarakhand Technical University Dehradun India Department of Electronics Engineering Amity University Lucknow Campus India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Graphic Era University Dehradun India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee India

In the present paper, we have studied the effect of soil textures,?i.e., sand, silt and clay on microwave scattering at X-band (10 GHz) at various incidence angles and like polarizations (i.e., Horizontal-Horizontal;HH-, Vertical-Vertical;VV-). We have proposed a retrieval technique based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) to retrieve soil texture. For this purpose, ten types of soil mixtures having different percentage of sand, silt and clay have been analyzed. The observations were carried out by ingeniously assembled X-band scatterometer. A good agreement has been noticed between estimated and observed soil texture. Study infers that soil texture is quite sensitive to radar scattering and it is possible to retrieve soil texture with radar/scatterometer data with good accuracy and this type of retrieved results can be helpful to predict soil strength as well as soil erosion of the particular area.

关键词： Soil Texture Retrieval Microwave Remote Sensing

Comparison of the Hemodynamic Effects of the Induction Agents Ketamine, Etomidate and Sevoflurane Using the Model of Electrical Velocimetry Based Cardiac Output Monitoring in Pediatric Cardiac Surgical Patients

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2014年第10期4卷 167-175页

作者： Suruchi Hasija Sandeep chauhan Neeti Makhija Sarvesh Pal singh Sanjay Kumar Arin Choudhury Sachin Talwar Usha Kiran Department of Cardiac Anaesthesiolgy All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India

Objective: To compare the haemodynamic effects of the induction agents ketamine, etomidate and sevoflurane using the model of electrical velocimetry based cardiac output monitoring in paediatric cardiac surgical patients. Design: Prospective randomized study. Setting: Tertiary care hospital. Participants: 60 children < 2 years age undergoing cardiac surgery. Interventions: The patients were randomized into 3 equal groups to receive 1.5-2.5 mg/kg iv ketamine (group K), 0.2-0.3 mg/kg iv etomidate (group E) or upto 8% sevoflurane (group S) as the induction agent. Hemodynamic parameters were noted before and after induction of anaesthesia utilizing a noninvasive cardiac monitor based on the model of electrical velocimetry. Measurements and Main Results: The demographic characteristics of the patients were similar in the three groups. The HR decreased in all groups, least in group E (P ≤ 0.01) but the MAP decreased only in group S (P ≤ 0.001). In group S, the stroke volume improved from 9 ± 3.2 ml to 10 ± 3.2 ml (P ≤ 0.05) and the stroke volume variation decreased from 25% ± 6.4% to 13% ± 6.2% (P ≤ 0.001). The stroke index and systemic arterial saturation improved in all groups (P ≤ 0.01). The cardiac index and index of contractility were unchanged. The transthoracic fluid content reduced in groups E and S, but did not change in group K (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Etomidate appeared to provide the most stable conditions for induction of anesthesia in children undergoing cardiac surgery, followed by ketamine and sevoflurane.

关键词： Anesthesia Induction Agents Electrical Velocimetry Noninvasive Hemodynamic Monitoring Pediatric Cardiac Surgery

Enhanced thermoelectric performance in p-type ZrCoSb based half-Heusler alloys employing nanostructuring and compositional modulation

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Journal of Materiomics 2019年第1期5卷 94-102页

作者： Nagendra S.chauhan Sivaiah Bathula Avinash Vishwakarma Ruchi Bhardwaj Kishor Kumar Johari Bhasker Gahtori Ajay Dhar Academy of Scientific&Innovative Research(AcSIR) CSIR-National Physical LaboratoryNew Delhi 110012India Division of Advanced Materials and Devices Metrology CSIR-National Physical LaboratoryDr.K.S.Krishnan MargNew Delhi 110012India

ZrCoSb based half-Heusler(HH)alloys have been widely studied as a p-type thermoelectric(TE)material for power generation applications in the mid-temperature ***,their intrinsically high thermal conductivity has been found to be detrimental for the improvement in their thermoelectric figure-of-merit(ZT),which presently is far below *** the current work,a state-of-the-art ZT~1.1 at 873 K was realized in an optimized composition of nanostructured Zr1-xHfxCoSb_(0.9)Sn_(0.1) HH alloys by employing compositional modulation ***-by-grain compositional variations,which leads to a substantial increase in its power factor coupled with a concurrent decrease in its thermal *** reduction in the phonon mean-free-path is observed on Hf substitution,which is comparable to the average crystallite size(~25 nm),thus leading to a very low thermal conductivity of~2.2Wm^(-1)K^(-1) at 873 K,which is amongst the lowest reported in HH *** TE device characteristics,estimated using cumulative temperature dependence model for quantitative evaluation of TE performance,yielded an output power density of~10 Wcm2 with a leg efficiency of~10%in the optimized composition of nanostructured Zr_(1-x)Hf_(x)CoSb_(0.9)Sn_(0.1) HH alloys,which is comparable to the reported efficiencies of other state-of-the-art TE materials.

关键词： Half Heuslers Iso-electronic Waste heat recovery Mid-temperature Efficiency Compositional modulation

Recent progress in emerging BiPO_(4)-based photocatalysts:Synthesis,properties,modification strategies,and photocatalytic applications

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第13期108卷 208-225页

作者： Rohit Kumar Pankaj Raizada Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan Van-Huy Nguyen Quyet Van Le Suresh Ghotekar Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian Vimal Gandhi Archana singh Pardeep singh School of Advanced Chemical Sciences Shoolini UniversitySolan(Himachal Pradesh)-173212India Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research King Abdulaziz UniversityP.O.Box 80203Jeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityP.O.Box 80203Jeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Faculty of Biotechnology Binh Duong UniversityThu Dau MotVietnam. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea University145Anam-ro Seongbuk-guSeoul 02841South Korea Department of Chemistry Smt.Devkiba Mohansinhji Chauhan College of Commerce and ScienceSilvassa 396230University of MumbaiDadra and Nagar Haveli(UT)India Department of Chemistry S.N.ArtsD.J.M.Commerce and B.N.S.Science CollegeSangamner 422605Savitribai Phule Pune UniversityMaharashtraIndia Department of Biotechnology School of Chemical and BiotechnologySASTRA Deemed UniversityThanjavur-613401TamilnaduIndia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of TechnologyDharmsinh Desai UniversityNadiad-387001GujaratIndia Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute Hoshangabad RoadBhopal 462026India

In this perspective,we have highlighted the current literature and explained the synthesis,structure,morphology,modification strategies,and photocatalytic applications of emerging BiPO_(4)-based *** BiPO_(4)is a large bandgap photocatalyst,it uses UV light for the excitation of electrons,and also,the recombination of charge carriers is an issue in BiPO_(4).Various novel modification strategies of BiPO_(4)photocatalysts *** modifications,heterojunction formation,phase-junctions,surface plasmon resonance,Schottky junction have been successfully proposed and *** modifications enhance the light absorption and inhibit the recombination of charge carriers BiPO_(4)***,future aspects for further research on BiPO_(4)-based photocatalysts are also *** expects that BiPO_(4)-based photocatalysts represent a promising strategy for developing practical photocatalysts for energy and environmental remediation applications.

关键词： Photocatalysis Modification strategies Environmental remediation BiPO_(4)photocatalyst

Comparative response of seedlings of selected native dry tropical and alien invasive species to CO_(2) enrichment

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2009年第2期2卷 69-75页

作者： Purnima Raizada Anamika singh A.S.Raghubanshi Ecosystems Analysis Laboratory Centre of Advanced Study in BotanyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005Uttar PradeshIndia Department of Botany Punjab UniversityChandigarh 160014PunjabIndia

Global climate change and ongoing plant invasion are the two prominent ecological issues threatening biodiversity world *** invasive species,Lantana camara and Hyptis suaveolens are the two most important invaders in the dry deciduous forest in *** monitored the growth of these two invasive species and seedlings of four native dry deciduous species(Acacia catechu,Bauhinia variegata,Dalbergia latifolia and Tectona grandis)under ambient(375–395μmol mol^(-1))and elevated CO_(2)(700–750μmol mol^(-1))to study the differential growth response of invasive and native *** Seedlings of all the species were exposed to ambient and elevated CO_(2).After 60 days of exposure,seedlings were harvested and all the growth-related parameters like plant height;biomass of root,stem and leaves;total seedling biomass;R/S ratio;allocation parameters;net assimilation rate(nar)and relative growth rate(RGR)were *** Findings Biomass,RGR and nar of all the species increased under elevated CO_(2)but the increase was higher in invasive species and they formed larger seedlings than *** under the CO_(2)-enriched future atmosphere,competitive hierarchies could change and may interfere with the species composition of the invaded area.

关键词： dry deciduous seedlings elevated CO_(2) global change plant invasion

Factors Associated with Under-Five Mortality: A Comparison between Empowered Action Group (EAG) and Non-EAG States of India

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Health 2021年第11期13卷 1190-1205页

作者： Sarvesh Kumar Damodar Sahu Nishanka chauhan USMPMHS Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University New Delhi India National Institute of Medical Statistics ICMR New Delhi India State Institute of Health and Family Welfare Jaipur India

Background: In India under-five mortality (U5MR) has declined by 71% from 126 to 37 deaths per 1000 live births between 1990 and 2018. The Empowered Action Group (EAG) states accounts for 74% of the under-five deaths as compared to 26% among Non-EAG states. Method: National Family Health Survey round fourth (NFHS-4), 2015-16 was used for this study. A life table method and Cox Proportional Hazard (PH) model was used to examine the various factors associated with U5MR in EAG and Non-EAG states of India. Result: Overall, it was observed that U5MR is much higher in EAG compared to Non-EAG states. Absolute difference varies according to background characteristics. The highest difference was among mothers who had never breastfed (316 vs 150 U5MR per 1000 live births in EAG & Non-EAG states respectively). Factors—total children ever born to mother, household members, children never breastfed and size of the baby were found to be statistically significantly associated with under-five mortality after controlling for other factors in both EAG and Non-EAG states. Hazard of U5MR was two and half-times higher among birth order 4+ (AHR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.8 - 3.3) compared to birth order ≤2 after controlling for other factors in EAG states. The risk of under-five mortality was found three times higher among mother having up to primary or no education (AHR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.4 - 5.9) compared to mother having higher education in non-EAG states. Conclusion: The study revealed that both groups of states need health program interventions focused on high risk mothers, TT immunization and promoting basic health services and breastfeeding practices for the reduction U5MR.

关键词： Cox PH EAG Non-EAG NFHS U5MR

Growth and Fabrication of GaN/InGaN Violet Light Emitting Diode on Patterned Sapphire Substrate

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2014年第12期2卷 1113-1117页

作者： Sonachand Adhikari Saroj Kanta Patra Ashok Lunia Sandeep Kumar Priyavart Parjapat Bhoopendra Kushwaha Pawan Kumar Sumitra singh Ashok chauhan Kuldip singh Suchandan Pal C. Dhanavantri CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy (CSIR-NISE) CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI) Pilani Rajasthan India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Chennai Tamil Nadu India

GaN/InGaN based violet light emitting diodes (LEDs), emitting at 430 nm, have been grown on conventional single side polished (SSP) and patterned sapphire substrates (PSS). Characteristics of the epitaxial wafers and subsequently fabricated LEDs have been analyzed. The photoluminescence (PL) peaks have been observed at 428.1 nm 426.1 nm for the epitaxial layers on SSP and PSS respectively. The PL intensity is 2.9 times higher in the case of PSS. The electroluminescence (EL) peaks have been observed at 430.78 nm and 430.35 nm for the LEDs on SSP and PSS respectively. The light output from LED fabricated on the PSS is 2.15 times higher than that of the LED on SSP at a forward current of 100 mA.

关键词： LED GaN/InGaN PSS

Mechanized Transplanting of Rice(Oryza sativa L.)in Nonpuddled and No-Till Conditions in the Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Haryana,India

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 2409-2413页

作者： Baldev Raj Kamboj Dharam Bir Yadav Ashok Yadav narender Kumar Goel Gurjeet Gill Ram K.Malik Bhagirath singh chauhan Krishi Vigyan Kendra CCS Haryana Agricultural UniversityYamuna NagarIndia Regional Research Station CCS Haryana Agricultural UniversityKarnalIndia Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural UniversityHisarIndia School of Agriculture Food&WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia CIMMYT-IRRI CSISA Bihar Hub PatnaIndia Crop and Environmental Sciences Division International Rice Research InstituteLos BanosPhilippines

The common practice of establishing rice in the rice-wheat system in India is manual transplanting of seedlings in the puddled soil. Besides being costly, cumbersome, and time consuming, puddling results in degradation of soil and the formation of a hard pan, which impedes root growth of subsequent upland crops. In addition, decreased availability and increasing cost of labor have increased the cost of rice cultivation through conventional methods. Because of these concerns, there is a need for mechanized transplanting of rice which is less labor-intensive and can ensure optimum plant population under nonpuddled and/or no-till conditions. A large number of on-farm trials were conducted at farmers’ fields in Haryana, India, from 2006 to 2010 to evaluate the performance of the mechanical transplanted rice (MTR) under nonpuddled and no-till situations as compared to conventional puddled transplant rice (CPTR). Compared with CPTR, nonpuddled MTR produced 3%-11% higher grain yield in different years. Rice cultivars, viz. HKR47, HKR127, PR113, PR114, PB1, PB1121, CSR30, and Arize6129, performed consistently better under nonpuddled MTR as compared to CPTR. Performance of different cultivars (PR113, PR114, HKR47, and Pusa 44) was also better under no-till MTR as compared to CPTR. The “basmati” cultivar CSR30 performed equally in no-till MTR and CPTR systems. The results of our study suggest that rice can be easily grown under nonpuddled and no-till conditions with yield advantages over the CPTR system. Even in the case of similar yield between CPTR and MTR systems, the MTR system will help in reducing labor requirement and ultimately, will increase overall profits to farmers.

关键词： Farmer Participatory Research Self Propelled Paddy Transplanter Double No-Till Rice-Wheat System Nonpuddled Transplanted Rice

An Intelligent Forecasting Model for Disease Prediction Using Stack Ensembling Approach

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 6041-6055页

作者： Shobhit Verma Nonita Sharma Aman singh Abdullah Alharbi Wael Alosaimi Hashem Alyami Deepali Gupta Nitin Goyal Computer Science&Engineering Department Dr.B.R.Ambedkar National Institute of TechnologyJalandharIndia Computer Science&Engineering Department Lovely Professional UniversityJalandharIndia Department of Information Technology College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif 21944Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif 21944Saudi Arabia Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara UniversityPunjabIndia

This research work proposes a new stack-based generalization ensemble model to forecast the number of incidences of conjunctivitis *** addition to forecasting the occurrences of conjunctivitis incidences,the proposed model also improves performance by using the ensemble *** rate of acute Conjunctivitis per 1000 for Hong Kong is collected for the duration of the first week of January 2010 to the last week of December ***-processing techniques such as imputation of missing values and logarithmic transformation are applied to pre-process the data sets.A stacked generalization ensemble model based on Auto-ARIMA(Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average),Nnar(Neural Network Autoregression),ETS(Exponential Smoothing),HW(Holt Winter)is proposed and applied on the *** analysis is conducted on the collected dataset of conjunctivitis disease,and further compared for different performance *** result shows that the RMSE(Root Mean Square Error),MAE(Mean Absolute Error),MAPE(Mean Absolute Percentage Error),ACF1(Auto Correlation Function)of the proposed ensemble is decreased *** the RMSE,for instance,error values are reduced by 39.23%,9.13%,20.42%,and 17.13%in comparison to Auto-ARIMA,nar,ETS,and HW model *** research concludes that the accuracy of the forecasting of diseases can be significantly increased by applying the proposed stack generalization ensemble model as it minimizes the prediction error and hence provides better prediction trends as compared to Auto-ARIMA,nar,ETS,and HW model applied discretely.

关键词： Disease prediction stack ensemble neural network autoregression exponential smoothing auto-ARIMA holt winter