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Spinal cord organoids add an extra dimension to traditional motor neuron cultures

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neural Regeneration Research 2019年第9期14卷 1515-1516页

作者： Winanto Zi-Jian Khong Jin-Hui Hor Shi-yan ng Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology A*STAR Research EntitiesSingaporeSingapore Singapore Singapore(Winanto)School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore Department of Biological Sciences National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine(Physiology) National University of SingaporeNational Neuroscience InstituteSingaporeSingaporeThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Since Lancaster et al.(2013)first described the formation of self-organizing cerebral organoids for modeling neurodevelopmental disorders,it became evident that three-dimensional(3D)neural organoid cultures are more superior systems for modeling neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration in *** use of a spinning bioreactor to grow organoids allows better nutrient absorption and enhances formation of neuroepithelial-like zones,making it a great tool to study neurodevelopment and *** organoids are 3D cell culture systems formed by proliferating,differentiating,migrating and self-organizing pools of neural *** mimic brain structures in their cell type composition,cytoarchitecture,and to some extent maturity and functionality(Lancaster et al.,2013).Because of these unique.

关键词： Since Lancaster neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration these unique

Anti-epileptic and neuroprotective Effects of Ultra-low Dose nADPH Oxidase Inhibitor Dextromethorphan on Kainic Acid-induced Chronic Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Rats

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neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第5期40卷 577-593页

作者： Jing-Jing yang Ying-Xin Liu yan-Fang Wang Bi-Ying Ge Ying Wang Qing-Shan Wang Sheng Li Jian-Jie Zhang Ling-Ling Jin Jau-Shyong Hong Sheng-Ming Yin Jie Zhao College of Basic Medical Sciences Dalian Medical UniversityDalian116044China Department of neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian116011China national and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Research and Development of neurodegenerative Diseases Dalian116044China School of Public Health Dalian Medical UniversityDalian116044China neurobiology Laboratory National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesNational Institutes of HealthResearch Triangle ParkDurhamNC27709USA

neuroinflammation mediated by microglia and oxidative stress play pivotal roles in the development of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE).We postulated that kainic acid(KA)-Induced status epilepticus triggers microglia-dependent inflammation,leading to neuronal damage,a lowered seizure threshold,and the emergence of spontaneous recurrent seizures(SRS).Extensive evidence from our laboratory suggests that dextromethorphan(DM),even in ultra-low doses,has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in many animal models of neurodegenerative *** results showed that administration of DM(10 ng/kg per day;subcutaneously via osmotic minipump for 4 weeks)significantly mitigated the residual effects of KA,including the frequency of SRS and seizure *** addition,DM-treated rats showed improved cognitive function and reduced hippocampal neuronal *** found suppressed microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation and decreased expression of hippocampal gp91^(phox) and p47^(phox) proteins in KA-induced chronic TLE ***,even after discontinuation of DM treatment,ultra-low doses of DM continued to confer long-term anti-seizure and neuroprotective effects,which were attributed to the inhibition of microglial nADPH oxidase 2 as revealed by mechanistic studies.

关键词： Temporal lobe epilepsy Dextromethorphan nADPH oxidase Ultra-low dose

Current developments in natural orifices transluminal endoscopic surgery:An evidence-based review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第38期16卷 4792-4799页

作者： Anthony Yuen Bun Teoh Philip Wai yan Chiu Enders Kwok Wai ng Department of Surgery Prince of Wales HospitalChinese University of Hong Kong

Tremendous advances have been made in recent years addressing the key obstacles to safe performance and introduction of human natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (nOTES). Animal studies have focused on identifying optimal solutions to these obstacles, in particular methods of creating transluminal access,safe closure of the point of access, and development of a multitasking platform with dedicated instruments. Whether the performance data generated from these animal studies can be reproduced in humans has yet to be determined. Reports of human nOTES procedures are emerging, and the possibility of accomplishing human nOTES based on existing technology has been demonstrated. However, dedicated platforms and devices are still lacking to allow for pure nOTES procedures, and whether nOTES can deliver the postulated benef its of earlier recovery and improved cosmesis remains uncertain.

关键词： natural orifi ce transluminal endoscopic surgery Endoscopic surgery Minimally invasive surgery Vaginal surgery

Cancers of the lung, head and neck on the rise: perspectives on the genotoxicity of air pollution

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2014年第10期33卷 476-480页

作者： Ian Chi Kei Wong Yuen-Keng ng Vivian Wai yan Lui Pharmacogenomics and Precision Therapeutics Laboratory Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong

Outdoor air pollution has been recently classified as a class I human carcinogen by the World Health Organization(WHO). Cumulative evidence from across the globe shows that polluted air is associated with increased risk of lung, head and neck, and nasopharyngeal cancers—all of which affect the upper aerodigestive tract. Importantly, these cancers have been previously linked to smoking. In this article, we review epidemiologic and experimental evidence of the genotoxic and mutagenic effects of air pollution on DnA, purportedly a key mechanism for cancer development. The alarming increase in cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract in Asia suggests a need to focus government efforts and research on reducing air pollution, promoting clean energy, and investigating the carcinogenic effects of air pollution on humans.

关键词：空气污染头颈部癌症遗传毒性肺癌世界卫生组织上升实验证据

Effects of typical karst tourist town on the Lijiang River water: from heavy metals to n-nitrosamines

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Yuanyu Shan Yuru Su Xinli Xing Bingquan Zhu Honghu Zeng Yuan Zhang Junyu Li Xiaoyu yan Wenwen Chen Benjian Li College of Environmental Science and Engineering， Guilin University of Technology School of Environmental Studies， China University of Geosciences State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology， China University of Geosciences College of arts， Guilin University of Technology College of arts and communication， China University of Geosciences 430070 China

n-nitrosamines are nitrogenous organic pollutants with high carcinogenicity to human. Heavy metal pollution in aquatic system is currently a major environmental problem. Tourism in typical karst areas may influence the environment through wastewater discharge. However， it remains unclear whether these activities would cause water pollution. To evaluate the impact of tourism activities in typical tourist towns， this study investigated the occurrence and sources of 18 n-nitrosamines， eight heavy metals （HMs）， and dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIn） in the Lijiang River and its tributaries. Seven n-nitrosamines were detected as the dominant compounds in n-nitroso-n-ethylaniline （nEA， average of 24.8 ng/L） and n-nitroso-l-proline （nPRO， 20.4 ng/L）， while especially low concentrations of HMs （Mn， Cu， As， ni， Cr， Co， Pb， and Cd） and DIn (nH4+-n， nO2--n， and nO3--n) were observed. The most important influencing factors were seasonal factors， followed by land-use type and mainstem and tributary factors. Principal component analysis revealed that in the city with developed tourism and relatively less heavy industry， aquaculture and agricultural wastewater were identified as the primary sources of n-nitrosamines. Meanwhile， domestic sewage and agricultural wastewater were found to be the main sources of HMs and DIn， respectively. The ecological risk assessments for all pollutants are relatively low （1）. Therefore， n-nitrosamines， HMs， and DIn pollution caused by tourist activities pose a negligible risk to the Lijiang River.

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Residential building performance analysis at near extreme weather conditions in Hong Kong through a thermal-comfort-based strategy

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Building Simulation 2023年第1期16卷 13-25页

作者： K.F.Fong C.K.Lee Kevin Ka-Lun Lau Edward yan Yung ng Division of Building Science and Technology College of EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Civil Engineering and natural Resources Lulea University of TechnologySweden School of Architecture The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The precise building performance assessment of residential housings in subtropical regions is usually more difficult than that for the commercial premises due to the much more complicated behavior of the occupants with regard to the change in indoor *** conventional use of a fixed schedule for window opening,clothing insulation and cooling equipment operation cannot reflect the real situation when the occupants respond to the change in thermal comfort,thus affecting the appropriateness of the assessment *** rectify the situation,a new modeling strategy in which the modification of the various operation schedules was based on the calculated thermal comfort(TC),was developed in this *** this new TC-based strategy,the realistic building performances under different cooling provision scenarios applied to a high-rise residential building under the near extreme weather conditions were investigated and *** was found that sole provision of ventilation fans could not meet the zone thermal comfort by over 68%of the time,and air-conditioning was *** optimal use of ventilation fans for cooling could only help reduce the total cooling energy demand by less than 12%at best which could only be realistically evaluated by adopting the present *** studies were conducted which revealed that some design factors could offer opportunities for reducing the total cooling energy under the near extreme weather conditions.

关键词： predicted mean vote thermal comfort ventilation potential building performance simulation residential housings

Deciphering lipid dysregulation in ALS:from mechanisms to translational medicine

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Translational neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 192-218页

作者： Ira Agrawal Yong Shan Lim Shi-yan ng Shuo-Chien Ling Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeTahir Foundation BuildingMD116-03-H12 Science Drive 2Singapore 117549Singapore Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology A*STAR Research EntitiesSingaporeSingapore Program in neuroscience and Behavior Disorders Duke-National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore.

Lipids,defined by low solubility in water and high solubility in nonpolar solvents,can be classified into fatty acids,glycerolipids,glycerophospholipids,sphingolipids,and *** not only regulate integrity and fluidity of biologi-cal membranes,but also serve as energy storage and bioactive molecules for *** mutations in SPTLC1(serine palmitoyltransferase long chain subunit 1)gene within the lipogenic pathway have been identified in amyo-trophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),a paralytic and fatal motor neuron ***,lipid dysmetabolism within the central nervous system and circulation is associated with ***,we aim to delineate the diverse roles of different lipid classes and understand how lipid dysmetabolism may contribute to ALS *** the different lipids,accumulation of ceramides,arachidonic acid,and lysophosphatidylcholine is commonly emerging as detri-mental to motor *** end with exploring the potential ALS therapeutics by reducing these toxic lipids.

关键词： Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Sphingolipids Triglycerides Phospholipids Cholesterol esters Fatty acids Ceramides Arachidonic acid Lysophosphatidylcholine Eicosanoids

小儿消积止咳口服液及药用复合膜中12种常见抗氧剂的提取与迁移研究

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分析测试学报 2024年第5期43卷 763-769页

作者：成婕蒲小聪邱怡婷任锟杨剑郭燕燕王晓兰江燕四川省药品检验研究院工业和信息化部产业技术基础公共服务平台四川成都611731

建立了测定小儿消积止咳口服液及其包装材料(口服液体药用复合膜)中12种常见抗氧剂的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法。采用Shim-pack GIST C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,2μm)为色谱柱,甲醇(含0.01 mol/L甲酸与甲酸铵)和水(含0.01 mol/L... 详细信息

建立了测定小儿消积止咳口服液及其包装材料(口服液体药用复合膜)中12种常见抗氧剂的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法。采用Shim-pack GIST C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,2μm)为色谱柱,甲醇(含0.01 mol/L甲酸与甲酸铵)和水(含0.01 mol/L甲酸与甲酸铵)为流动相梯度洗脱;采用电喷雾离子源(ESI),以多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式进行定性定量分析。结果显示,12种抗氧剂在10~400 ng/mL范围内线性良好,相关系数(r)不小于0.9963,提取与迁移实验的检出限分别为0.40~13.25 ng/g和1.01~33.13 ng/mL,定量下限分别为1.35~44.17 ng/g和3.37~110.42 ng/mL,回收率为80.1%~114%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=3)为1.5%~7.2%。药液中检出抗氧剂1010和168,但含量低于其每日允许最大暴露量(PDE),对药品安全性风险影响较小。该方法高效灵敏、准确可靠、操作简便,可用于小儿消积止咳口服液及其包装材料中12种常见抗氧剂的测定。

关键词：超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS) 抗氧剂小儿消积止咳口服液药用复合膜

Differential Occupational Health Risks between Methylated PAHs and PAHs:Monitoring 126 PAHs and 6 Oxidative Stress Markers in Paired Serum−Urine Samples

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Environment & Health 2024年第3期2卷 150-160页

作者： Ke-Xin Zhao Chao Jiang Yue Han Wen-Long Li Yu-Wei Li Li-yan Liu Wan-Li Ma Ying-Hua Hu Zi-Feng Zhang International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances(IJRC-PTS) State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment/School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of Technology(HIT)Harbin 150090China Wadsworth Center New York State Department of Healthand Department of Environmental Health SciencesSchool of Public HealthState University of New York at AlbanyAlbanyNew York 12237United States

The hazards of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)on occupationally exposed population have been widely ***,the occupational exposure risks associated their derivatives,methylated PAHs,remain poorly *** study conducted a screen of 126 PAHs and 6 oxidative stress biomarkers(OSBs)in paired serum−urine samples from 110 petrochemical workers to assess the risk associated with different PAHs *** results showed that the median concentrations of unmetabolized 16 priority PAHs(p-PAHs),16 regular PAHs(R-PAHs),50 methyl-PAHs(Me-PAHs),and 30 nitro-PAHs(n-PAHs)in serum(urine)were 97.98(66.46),11.02(0.00),77.76(31.77),and 1.93(0.10)ng/mL,*** median concentration of metabolized hydroxy PAHs(OH-PAHs)in urine was 12.00 ng/mL(9.49 ng/mg creatinine).OSBs indicate that the hazards of Me-PAHs on exposed populations manifest as protein damage,while the hazards of p-PAHs mainly result in lipid and DnA *** from common diseases and PAH exposure demonstrate a correlation between liver damage and PAH exposure,and Me-PAHs are more difficult to metabolize through urine due to their stronger *** study suggests that traditional health screenings targeting p-PAHs may be insufficient and likely underestimate the exposure risks for occupational populations.

关键词： Petrochemical workers Methyl-PAHs nitro-PAHs Oxidative stress biomarkers Health risk