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nonpolar Al_(x)Ga_(1−x)n/Al_(y)Ga_(1−y)n multiple quantum wells on Gan nanowire for UV emission

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nano Research 2022年第8期15卷 7670-7680页

作者： Sonachand Adhikari Olivier Lee Cheong Lem Felipe Kremer Kaushal Vora frank Brink Mykhaylo Lysevych Hark Hoe Tan Chennupati Jagadish Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Research School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital Territory 2601Australia Semiconductor Device Fabrication Group CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research InstitutePilaniRajasthan 333031India Australian national Fabrication Facility ACT node Research School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital Territory 2601Australia Centre for Advanced Microscopy The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital Territory 2601Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems Research School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital Territory 2601Australia

nonpolar m-plane AlGan offers the advantage of polarization-free multiple quantum wells(MQWs)for ultraviolet(UV)emission and can be achieved on the sidewalls of selective area grown Gan *** reveal that the growth of AlGan on Gan nanowires by metal organic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD)is driven by vapor-phase diffusion,and consequently puts a limit on the pitch of nanowire array due to shadowing *** insight into the difficulty of achieving metal-polar AlGan nanowire by selective area growth(SAG)in MOCVD is also provided and can be attributed to the strong tendency to form pyramidal structure due to a very small growth rate of{1011}semipolar planes compared to(0001)*** nonpolar m-plane sidewalls of Gan nanowires obtained via SAG provides an excellent platform for growth of nonpolar AlGan *** emission from mplane Al_(x)Ga_(1−x)n/Al_(y)Ga_(1−y)n MQWs grown on sidewalls of dislocation-free Gan nanowire is demonstrated in the wavelength range of 318–343 nm.

关键词： metal organic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD) nanowire nonpolar plane AlGan selective area growth multiple quantum wells

Methane increase over the Barents and Kara seas after the autumn pycnocline breakdown: satellite observations

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Advances in Polar Science 2019年第4期30卷 382-390页

作者： Leonid YURGAnOV frank MULLER-KARGER Ira LEIFER University of Maryland Baltimore County(ret) BaltimoreMDUSA University of Southern Florida St.PetersburgFLUSA Bubbleology Research International Inc.SolvangCAUSA

Seven operative thermal infrared(TIR)spectrometers launched at sun-synchronous polar orbits supply huge amounts of information about Arctic methane(CH4)year-round,day and *** data are unique for estimating CH4 emissions from a warming Arctic,both terrestrial and *** report is based on publicly available CH4 concentrations retrieved by nOAA and nASA from spectra of TIR radiation delivered by EU IASI and US AIRS *** were filtered for high thermal contrast in the *** versus aircraft measurements at three US continental sites reveal a reduced,but still significant sensitivity to CH4 anomalies in the troposphere below 4 km of *** focus area is the Barents and Kara seas(BKS).BKS is impacted with warm Atlantic water and mostly free of sea *** is a shelf area with vast deposits of oil and natural gas(~90%CH4),as well as methane hydrates and submarine *** in summer AIRS and IASI observe no significant difference in CH4 between BKS and ***,a strong,monthly positive CH4 spatial anomaly of up to 30 ppb occurs during late autumn–*** of explanations of this increase is a fall/winter pycnocline breakdown after a period of blocked mixing caused by a stable density seawater stratification in summer:enhanced mixing lets CH4 to reach the sea surface and atmosphere.

关键词： satellite data greenhouse gases Arctic

Open-porous magnesium-based scaffolds withstand in vitro corrosion under cyclic loading:A mechanistic study

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第1期19卷 406-417页

作者： Roxane Bonithon Colin Lupton Marta Roldo Joseph nicholas Dunlop Gordon William Blunn.frank Witte Gianluca Tozzi Zeiss Global Centre School of Mechanical and Design EngineeringUniversity of PortsmouthAnglesea RoadPO13DJPortsmouthUnited Kingdom School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of PortsmouthWhite Swan RoadPO12DTPortsmouthUnited Kingdom School of the Environment Geography&GeosciencesUniversity of PortsmouthBurnaby RoadPO13QLPortsmouthUnited Kingdom Department of Prosthodontics Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular DisordersCharite-Universitätsmedizin BerlinAßmannshauser Straße 4-614197BerlinGermany Biotrics Bioimplants AG Ullsteinstr.10812109BerlinGermany

The successful application of magnesium(Mg)alloys as biodegradable bone substitutes for critical-sized defects may be comprised by their high degradation rate resulting in a loss of mechanical *** study investigates the degradation pattern of an open-porous fluoride-coated Mg-based scaffold immersed in circulating Hanks’Balanced Salt Solution(HBSS)with and without in situ cyclic compression(30 n/1 Hz).The changes in morphological and mechanical properties have been studied by combining in situ high-resolution X-ray computed tomography mechanics and digital volume *** in situ cyclic compression induced acceleration of the corrosion rate,probably due to local disruption of the coating layer where fatigue microcracks were formed,no critical failures in the overall scaffold were observed,indicating that the mechanical integrity of the Mg scaffolds was *** changes,due to the accumulation of corrosion debris between the scaffold fibres,resulted in a significant increase(pn the material volume fraction from 0.52±0.07 to 0.47±0.03 after 14 days of ***,despite an increase in fibre material loss,the accumulated corrosion products appear to have led to an increase in Young’s modulus after 14 days as well as lower third principal strain(εp3)accumulation(-91000±6361μεand-60093±2414μεafter 2 and 14 days,respectively).Therefore,this innovative Mg scaffold design and composition provide a bone replacement,capable of sustaining mechanical loads in situ during the postoperative phase allowing new bone formation to be initially supported as the scaffold resorbs.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Bone regeneration In vitro corrosion X-ray computed tomography(XCT) Digital volume correlation(DVC)

Discrete-time dynamic graphical games:model-free reinforcement learning solution

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Control Theory and Technology 2015年第1期13卷 55-69页

作者： Mohammed I.ABOUHEAF frank L.LEWIS Magdi S.MAHMOUD Dariusz G.MIKULSKI Systems Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum & Mineral UTA Research Institute University of Texas at ArlingtonFort Worth Texas U.S.A. State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Northeastern University Ground Vehicle Robotics (GVR) U.S. Army TARDEC Warren MI U.S.A.

This paper introduces a model-free reinforcement learning technique that is used to solve a class of dynamic games known as dynamic graphical games. The graphical game results from to make all the agents synchronize to the state of a command multi-agent dynamical systems, where pinning control is used generator or a leader agent. novel coupled Bellman equations and Hamiltonian functions are developed for the dynamic graphical games. The Hamiltonian mechanics are used to derive the necessary conditions for optimality. The solution for the dynamic graphical game is given in terms of the solution to a set of coupled Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations developed herein. nash equilibrium solution for the graphical game is given in terms of the solution to the underlying coupled Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations. An online model-free policy iteration algorithm is developed to learn the nash solution for the dynamic graphical game. This algorithm does not require any knowledge of the agents＇ dynamics. A proof of convergence for this multi-agent learning algorithm is given under mild assumption about the inter-connectivity properties of the graph. A gradient descent technique with critic network structures is used to implement the policy iteration algorithm to solve the graphical game online in real-time.

关键词： Dynamic graphical games nash equilibrium discrete mechanics optimal control model-free reinforcementlearning policy iteration

Selective expansion of human natural killer cells leads to enhanced alloreactivity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第2期11卷 160-168页

作者： Diana n Eissens Clive M Michelo frank WMB Preijers Bram van Cranenbroek Houwelingen Arnold van der Meer Irma Joosten Department of Laboratory Medicine--Laboratory of Medical Immunology Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands and Department of Laboratory Medicine--Laboratory of Hematology Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen The netherlands These authors contributed equally to this work.

In allogeneic stem cell transplantation （SCT）, natural killer （nK） cells lacking their cognate inhibitory ligand can induce graft-versus-leukemia responses, without the induction of severe graft-versus-host disease （GVHD）. This feature can be exploited for cellular immunotherapy. In this study, we examined selective expansion of nK cell subsets expressing distinct killer immunoglobulin-like receptors （KIRs） within the whole human peripheral blood nK cell population, in the presence of HLA-Cw3 （C1） or Cw4 （C2） transfected K562 stimulator cells. Coculture of KIR＋ nK cells with C1 or C2 positive K562 cells, in the presence of IL-2＋ IL-15, triggered the outgrowth of nK cells that missed their cognate ligand. This resulted in an increased frequency of alloreactive KIR＋ nK cells within the whole nK cell population. Also, after preculture with K562 cells lacking their cognate ligand, we observed that this alloreactive nK population revealed higher numbers of CD107~ cells when cocultured with the relevant K562 HLA-C transfected target cells, as compared to coculture with untransfected K562 cells. This enhanced reactivity was confirmed using primary leukemic cells as target. This study demonstrates that HLA class I expression can mediate the skewing of the nK cell repertoire and enrich the population for cells with enhanced alloreactivity towards leukemic target cells. This feature may support future clinical applications of nK cell-based immunotherapy.

关键词： alloreactivity cytotoxicity immunotherapy KIR nK cells stem cell transplantation

Basal diet and indigestible marker influence apparent digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids of cottonseed meal and soybean meal in pigs

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Animal nutrition 2019年第3期5卷 234-240页

作者： Susanto Prawirodigdo neil J.Gannon Brian J.Leury frank R.Dunshea Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia BPTP Central Java SemarangCentral Java50552Indonesia Biomin Singapore PO Box 2419ToowoombaQLD4350Australia

This study was to determine the apparent ileal nitrogen(n)and amino acid digestibilities of cottonseed meal(CSM)and soybean meal(SBM)in simple carbohydrate-based and more complex wheat-based *** five Large White × Landrace boars(40.9 kg)were randomly allocated to one of 5 dietary treatments:a wheat diet,40% CSM in either a sugar:starch(1:1)or wheat-based diet,or 40% SBM in either a sugar:starch or wheat-based diet for 14 *** diets contained vitamins,minerals,and contained acid-insoluble ash(AIA)and Cr2 O3 as indigestible *** were offered(1,800 g/pig per d)in3 meals/d on d 1-11 and 8 meals/d on d *** d 14,the pigs were fed hourly for 8 *** the 8 th meal,pigs were anaesthetised with isoflurothane,and ileal and faecal digesta sampled from the terminal ileum and rectum before lethal injection of *** ileal digestibility(AID)of n was greater(12.1%)when CSM was fed in the wheat-based diet as compared to the simple carbohydrate-based diet,whereas apparent ileal n digestibility of SBM was slightly lower(-4.5%)in the wheat-based diet as compared to the sugar:starch-based *** ileal amino acid digestibility generally respondeds similarly to ***,while there was a wide difference in apparent n and amino acid digestibilities of SBM and CSM when they were fed in the sugar:starch-based diets,these differences were less apparent when they were fed the wheat-based *** was an apparent net release of n into the hindgut of pigs fed CSM in both base ***,there was quite substantial apparent digestion of n in the hindgut of pigs fed SBM in both base *** use of Cr2 O3 as an indigestible marker resulted in lower apparent ileal and faecal digestibilities than using AIA,particularly for diets containing *** data demonstrate that the basal diet and choice of indigestible marker can substantially influence the estimate of apparent n digestibility,this response can differ for different protein meals.

关键词： Organic matter Pig Wheat Cottonseed meal Soybean meal Digestibility

Initial evaluations of a Gulf of Mexico/Caribbean ocean forecast system in the context of the Deepwater Horizon disaster

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2015年第4期9卷 605-636页

作者： Edward D. ZAROn Patrick J. FITZPATRICK Scott L. CROSS John M. HARDInG frank L. BUB Jerry D. WIGGERT Dong S. KO Yee LAU Katharine WOODARD Christopher n. K. MOOERS Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Portland State University Portland OR 97207 USA Geosystems Research Institute Mississippi State University MSU Science & Technology Center Stennis Space Center MS 39529 USA nOAA national Coastal Data Development Center Stennis Space Center MS 29412 USA northern Gulf Institute Mississippi State University MSU Science & Technology Center Stennis Space Center MS 39529 USA unaffiliated retired from the Naval Oceanographic Office Stennis Space Center MS 39522 USA Department of Marine Science University of Southern Mississippi Stennis Space Center MS 39529 USA Oceanography Division Naval Research Laboratory Stennis Space Center MS 39529 USA

In response to the Deepwater Horizon （DwH） oil spill event in 2010, the naval Oceanographic Office deployed a nowcast-forecast system covering the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent Caribbean Sea that was designated Americas Seas, or AMSEAS, which is documented in this manuscript. The DwH disaster provided a challenge to the application of available ocean-forecast capabilities, and also generated a historically large observational dataset. AMSEAS was evaluated by four complementary efforts, each with somewhat different aims and approaches： a university research consortium within an Integrated Ocean Observing System （IOOS） testbed; a petroleum industry consortium, the Gulf of Mexico 3-D Operational Ocean Forecast System Pilot Prediction Project （GOMEX-PPP）; a British Petroleum （BP） funded project at the northern Gulf Institute in response to the oil spill; and the navy itself. Validation metrics are presented in these different projects for water temperature and salinity profiles, sea surface wind, sea surface temperature, sea surface height, and volume transport, for different forecast time scales. The validation found certain geographic and time biases/errors, and small but systematic improvements relative to earlier regional and global modeling efforts. On the basis of these positive AMSEAS validation studies, an oil spill transport simulation was conducted using archived AMSEAS nowcasts to examine transport into the estuaries east of the Mississippi River. This effort captured the influences of Hurricane Alex and a non-tropical cyclone off the Louisiana coast, both of which pushed oil into the western Mississippi Sound, illustrating the importance of the atmospheric influence on oil spills such as DwH.

关键词： Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon ocean forecasting skill assessment

Control of modifiable risk factors and major adverse cardiovascular events in people with peripheral artery disease and diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第6期12卷 883-892页

作者： Jonathan Golledge Aaron Drovandi Sophie Rowbotham Ramesh Velu frank Quigley Jason Jenkins Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease College of Medicine and DentistryJames Cook UniversityTownsville 4811QueenslandAustralia Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Townsville University HospitalTownsville 4811QueenslandAustralia Department of Vascular Surgery Mater HospitalTownsville 4811QueenslandAustralia Department of Vascular Surgery The Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbane 4000QueenslandAustralia

BACKGROUnD People with diabetes and peripheral artery disease(PAD)have a high risk of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE).Prior research suggests that medical therapies aimed to control modifiable risk factors are poorly implemented in patients with *** To examine the association between the control of modifiable risk factors,estimated by the novel PAD-medical score,and the incidence of MACE in people with PAD and *** Participants were recruited from out-patient clinics if they had a diagnosis of both PAD and *** of reversible risk factors was assessed by a new composite measure,the PAD-medical *** score takes into account the control of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,blood pressure,blood glucose,smoking and prescription of an *** were followed to record incidence of myocardial infarction,stroke and cardiovascular death(MACE).The association of PAD-medical score with MACE was assessed using Cox proportional hazard analyses adjusting for age,sex and prior history of ischemic heart disease and *** Between 2002 and 2020,a total of 424 participants with carotid artery disease(n=63),aortic or peripheral aneurysm(n=121)or lower limb ischemia(n=240)were prospectively recruited,and followed for a median duration(inter-quartile range)of 2.0(0.2–4.4)*** 33(7.8%)participants had the optimal PAD-medical score of five,with 318(75%)scoring at least three out of *** were 89(21.0%)participants that had at least one MACE during the follow-up period.A one-unit higher PAD-medical score was associated with lower risk of MACE(HR=0.79,95%CI:0.63-0.98)after adjusting for other risk *** The PAD-medical score provides a simple way to assess the control of modifiable risk factors targeted by medical management aimed to reduce the incidence of MACE.

关键词： Peripheral artery disease Diabetes Major cardiovascular events Medical management Prospective study Clinical practice

Multi-layered control of PD-L1 expression in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2020年第1期6卷 116-130页

作者： Christos n.Miliotis frank J.Slack HMS Initiative for RnA Medicine Department of PathologyCancer CenterBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA

Gastric cancer(GC)is the fifth most common cancer *** approximately 10%of GC cases,cancer cells show ubiquitous and monoclonal Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection.A significant feature of EBV-associated GC(EBVaGC)is high lymphocytic infiltration and high expression of immune checkpoint proteins,including programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1).This highlights EBVaGC as a strong candidate for immune checkpoint blockade ***,several recent studies have shown that EBV positivity in GC correlates with positive response to programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)/PD-L1 blockade *** the mechanisms that control PD-L1 expression in EBVaGC can indicate new predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy,as well as therapeutic targets for combination *** mechanisms have been implicated in PD-L1 expression regulation,including structural variations,post-transcriptional control,oncogenic activation of intrinsic signaling pathways,and increased sensitivity to extrinsic *** review provides the most recent updates on the multilayered control of PD-L1 expression in EBVaGC.

关键词： Epstein-Barr virus gastric cancer immunotherapy programmed death-ligand 1