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Green synthesis of glycolic acid through the electrocatalytic reduction of oxalic acid over black TiO_(2): An experimental and theoretical study

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 544-556页

作者： Hugo Olvera-Vargas Oscar Andrés Jaramillo-Quintero Luis Darío Alarcón León Orlando Castro-Ocampo Christian A.Celaya Marina e.Rincón Jesús Muñiz Instituto de energías Renovables Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(IER-UNAM)Priv.Xochicalco s/nCol.CentroTemixcoMorelos.CP 62580Mexico Centro de nanociencias y nanotecnología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(UNAM)Km 107Carretera Tijuana-EnsenadaEnsenadaB.C.C.P.22800Mexico

Herein,we present the electrocatalytic four-electron hydrogenation of oxalic acid into glycolic acid using black TiO_(2)as an *** acid is an abundant compound found in several sources of organic *** results showed a high selectivity of black TiO_(2)toward glycolic acid,with the formation of glyoxylic acid being the rate-limiting step (glyoxylic acid is the two-electron intermediate).The highest Faradaic efficiency (Fe) of 69.6%±8.3% was achieved at 10.2 mA cm^(-2)in 4 h of electrolysis using an H-type cell operated at room temperature,with 50.2%±3.8% of oxalic acid conversion (degradation kinetic constant k=0.0042±0.0001 min-1),58.8%±7.0%of reaction yield and 1.2±0.18 g L-1of glycolic acid production.A theoretical model of black TiO_(2)coming from anatase TiO_(2)was implemented by introducing Ti3+defects,which gave black TiO_(2)the theoretical capability to easily transform oxalic acid into glycolic acid as experimentally *** reaction mechanism was supported and described in detail by density functional theory calculations,which revealed that surface Ti^(3+)states were the main catalytic *** is the first time that a detailed step-by-step mechanism at the atomic level has been proposed for this electrocatalytic reaction,which represents a valuable contribution to the understanding of this process of high energy/environmental *** is also the first time that black TiO_(2)has been used as an electrocatalyst for this sustainable process.

关键词： Chemical energy storage electrochemical hydrogenation Density functional theory Renewable energy Oxalic acid

Advances and challenges in diagnosing and managing adult autoimmune enteropathy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第2期31卷 128-131页

作者： Grigorios Christodoulidis Sara e Agko Marina n Kouliou Konstantinos e Koumarelas Dimitris Zacharoulis Department of General Surgery University Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41110Greece Department of Intensive Care Unit Asklepios Paulinen Clinic WiesbadenWiesbaden 65197Germany Department of emergency Medicine General Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41221Greece Department of Surgery University Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41334Greece

Autoimmune enteropathy(AIe)is a rare immune mediated disorder primarily affecting children,characterized by chronic diarrhea,malabsorption,vomiting,weight loss and villous *** has also been observed in adults presenting diagnostic and treatment challenges due to its overlap with other gastrointestinal disorders such as celiac *** diagnostic criteria for AIe include small bowel villous atrophy,lack of response to dietary restrictions,presence of anti-enterocyte antibodies,and predisposition to autoimmunity without severe *** criteria emphasize characteristic histological findings and exclusion of other causes of villous *** is associated with various autoimmune disorders and can present with overlapping features with Celiac disease,including villous atrophy but without significant intraepithelial *** primarily involves immunosuppression using corticosteroids,calcineurin inhibitors,and anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy,alongside nutri-tional *** the challenges,understanding AIe’s diverse manifest-ations and improving diagnostic criteria are essential for effective management and improved patient *** research is needed to elucidate the pathogenesis,disease progression and long-term outcomes of AIe.

关键词： Autoimmune enteropathy Diagnosis Prognosis Adult autoimmune enter-opathy and challenges Autoimmune enteropathy and treatment Autoimmune enteropathy and diagnostic criteria Pathophysiology of autoimmune enteropathy

La3+ substitution-adjusted magnetic and optical properties with enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability of copper zinc nickel ferrites for wastewater treatment applications

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Journal of Rare earths 2025年第2期43卷 319-328页

作者： n.S.Al-Bassami General Studies Department Jubail Industrial College

Copper-zinc-nickel（Cu-Zn-ni） ferrite nanoparticles are used for wastewater treatment ***,low degradation efficiency and stability are two main issues that make them unsuitable for actual production *** this paper,the citrate-nitrate auto-combustion method was applied for the formation of Cu0.5Zn0.25ni0.25LaxFe2-xO4;（0≤x≤0.1;step 0.02）(CZnL) *** the substitution process entails the replacement of a small ion with a larger one,the lattice constant and crystallite size does not exhibit a consistent incremental *** behavior is justified and *** size of all the CZnL ferrite nanoparticles is in the range of 8-12 nm,and the lattice constant is in the range of 8.6230 to 8.4865 *** morphological analysis conducted using field emission-scanning electron microscopy（Fe-SeM） reveals that the CZnL exhibits agglomerated spherical *** energy dispersive X-ray spectrameter（eDAX） analysis was employed to confirm the elemental composition of CZnL *** the process entails the substitution of Fe3+magnetic ions with nonmagnetic ions La3+,the magnetic parameters of CZnL nanoferrites show a general decreasing trend as *** 20 K,saturation magnetization Ms shows an overall drop in its values from 59.302 emu/g at x=0.0-41.295 emu/g at x=0.1,the smallest value of 37.87 emu/g is recorded at x=*** highest coercivity（Hc=125.9 Oe） and remanence（Mr=13.32 emu/g） are recorded for x=0.08 and x=0.04 nanoferrite,*** band gap of all the CZnL nanoferrites was determined using the Kubelka-Munk function and Tauc plot for direct permitted *** doping modifies the band gap（within 1.86-1.75 eV）,increases light absorption,induces efficient e/h separation and charge migration to *** nanoferrite Cu0.5Zn0.25ni0.25La0.06Fe1.94O4achieves a degradation efficiency of 97.3% for methylene blue（MB） dye removal after just 60 *** five recycling processes,the nanoc

关键词： Copper-zinc-nickel Ferrite Photocatalytic properties Rare earths Wastewater treatment

effects of rare-earth Pr3+-Dy3+ doping on structural,magnetic,optical and dielectric properties of Zn2Y hexaferrite

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Journal of Rare earths 2025年第2期43卷 329-336页

作者： Ibrahim Mohammed Mohamed e.el Sayed Ali Shawabkeh Mohammad n.Murshed Ibtehaj F.Alshdoukhi Zeinhom M.el-Bahy J.Mohammed A.K.Srivastava Department of Physics Lovely Professional University Department of Science Technology Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic Birnin Kebbi Physics Department Faculty of Science and ArtsKing Khalid University College of engineering and Technology American University of the Middle East Department of Basic Sciences College of Science and Health ProfessionsKing Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health ScienceKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar University Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceFederal University Dutse

This study was conducted to investigate the properties of Pr3+-Dy3+doped Zn2Y-type hexaferrite for potential technological applications.X-ray diffraction（XRD）,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR） and field-emission scanning electron microscopy（FeSeM） were used to analyze structural *** crystallite size in the synthesized samples varies between 57.54 and 68.57 *** vibrational bands at 400 and 600 cm-1,common to all hexaferrites,were confirmed through *** FeSeM analysis reveals an agglomeration of magnetic grains and a decrease in the average grain size from 1.24 to1.06 μ*** M-H loops show that,with x values of 0.0,0.1,and 0.2,the saturation magnetization is determined to be 34.76,34.23,and 32.52 emu/g,*** corresponding coercivity values are21.24,30.39,and 33.99 ***-visible spectroscopy using Tauc theory reveals an increase in the optical band gap from 2.32 to 2.50 eV,indicating a tunable energy band structure by incorporating Pr3+-Dy3+*** dielectric constant increases,whereas AC conductivity decreases with increased Pr3+-Dy3+*** obtained results suggest the potential suitability of these materials for various technological applications.

关键词： Dielectric constant Magnetic hysteresis Optical band gap Pr3+-Dy3+ Rare earths Zn2Y-type hexaferrite

nucleoside modified mRnA-lipid nanoparticles as a new delivery platform for the repair of the injured spinal cord

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2311-2312页

作者： Krisztián Pajer Tamás Bellák Antal nógrádi Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary

Spinal cord injury and treatment opportunities:The adult mammalian spinal cord has a very limited capacity for spontaneous regeneration due to various intrinsic molecular and cellular *** the spinal cord neurons have the capacity to regenerate their axons,the expression of growth inhibitory factors,lack or suppression of proper guidance cues,and profound inflammatory responses do not permit successful regeneration(Khyeam et al.,2021).

关键词： injured capacity modified

Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

Sex differences in aging and injured brain

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2901-2902页

作者： Jordan n.Williamson Yuan Yang University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Grainger College of EngineeringDepartment of BioengineeringUrbanaILUSA Carle Foundation Hospital Stephenson Family Clinical Research InstituteClinical Imaging Research CenterUrbanaILUSA University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUrbanaILUSA northwestern University Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement SciencesChicagoILUSA

Background:The prevalence,age of onset,and symptomatology of traumatic brain injury,stroke,and neurodegenerative diseases(such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and Huntington’s disease)differ substantially between males and *** higher prevalence of these brain disorders has been attributed to females having a greater longevity compared with *** one of the greatest risk factors of acquired brain injury(such as stroke,traumatic brain injury caused by fall)and neurodegenerative disease is age.

关键词： Huntington prevalence traumatic

Astrocytes, reactive astrogliosis, and glial scar formation in traumatic brain injury

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 973-989页

作者： María Belén Cieri Alberto Javier Ramos Laboratorio de neuropatología Molecular IBCN UBA-CONICETFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina

Traumatic brain injury is a global health crisis,causing significant death and disability *** that follows traumatic brain injury has serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive impairments,with astrocytes involved in this *** traumatic brain injury,astrocytes rapidly become reactive,and astrogliosis propagates from the injury core to distant brain *** astroglial proteins are downregulated near the traumatic brain injury core,while pro-inflammatory astroglial genes are *** altered gene expression is considered a pathological remodeling of astrocytes that produces serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive *** addition,glial scar formed by reactive astrocytes is initially necessary to limit immune cell infiltration,but in the long term impedes axonal reconnection and functional *** therapeutic strategies for traumatic brain injury are focused on preventing acute ***,cannabinoids,progesterone,beta-blockers,and cerebrolysin demonstrate neuroprotective benefits but most of them have not been studied in the context of *** this review,we discuss the cell signaling pathways activated in reactive astrocytes following traumatic brain injury and we discuss some of the potential new strategies aimed to modulate astroglial responses in traumatic brain injury,especially using cell-targeted strategies with miRnAs or lncRnA,viral vectors,and repurposed drugs.

关键词： astrocyte glial scar innate immunity neuroinflammation stab injury Toll-like receptors

Current considerations for the management of liver echinococcosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第10期31卷 159-163页

作者： efstathios T Pavlidis Ioannis n Galanis Theodoros e Pavlidis The 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery Hippokration General HospitalSchool of MedicineAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54642Greece

echinococcosis or hydatid disease is induced mainly by echinococcus granulosus and occasionally by echinococcus multilocularis(alveolaris)and affects the liver *** alveolar echinococcosis is similar to carcinoma in appearance,and without treatment,it can lead to *** is based on current imaging *** management is the cornerstone of *** removal of the cyst(total pericystectomy or hepatectomy)ensures a permanent cure and should be the first-choice treatment for cystic *** evacuation,partial cystectomy,and drainage or omentoplasty,may be alternative choices in difficult ***,mebendazole and praziquantel are options for treating small cysts and preventing recurrence after *** the efforts,alveolar echinococcus is not usually amenable to surgical management,except in the early stage,which is less common,and management by albendazole is ***,there are few recent reports of major operations(ex-vivo hepatectomy,autotransplantation and vascular reconstruction)in advanced stages.

关键词： Hepatic echinococcosis Hydatid disease echinococcus granulosus echinococcus alveolaris Hepatectomy for parasite diseases Pericystectomy