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Journ.l of En.iron.en.al Protection 2018年第5期9卷 508-515页

作者： E. G. Ibrahim n. yakubu L. n.amon. J. M. yakubu Dept. of Pure an. Applied Chemistry Plateau State University Bokkos Plateau Stae Nigeria Demon.tration.Secon.ary School College of Education Akwanga Nasarawa State Nigeria Dept. of Chemistry an. Agrochemical Techn.logy University of Agriculture Ma-kurdi Benue State Nigeria Dept. of Microbiology Federal University Wukari Wukari Nigeria

Three green.leafy vegetable samples of pumpkin.leaves, spin.ch leaves, an. sorrel leaves were collected from a farm in.Akwan.a an. were tested for the presen.e of residues of organ.chlorin. pesticides. The con.en.ration. of all the pesticide residues in.the vegetable samples were determin.d usin. GC/MS. Amon. the organ.chlorin. pesticide p,p’-DDT was detected in.pumpkin.(0.75 mg/kg), spin.ch (0.319 mg/kg) an. sorrel (0.219 mg/kg). θ-BHC an. γ-BHC were detected on.y in.pumpkin.leaves (0.359 mg/kg an. 0.647 mg/kg respectively). Dieldrin.was detected in.spin.ch an. sorrel (0.124 mg/kg an. 0.053 mg/kg respectively). En.rin.was detected in.pumpkin.(0.732 mg/kg) an. Aldrin.in.sorrel (0.095 mg/kg). All these values were above the maximum residue limit (MRL) value of the pesticides. En.osulfan.II was detected in.sorrel (0.306 mg/kg) below the MRL. The levels of most of the pesticide residues foun. in.vegetables were above the maximum residue limits (MRLs) that call for laws to regulate the use an. circulation.of such chemicals. Routin. mon.torin. of pesticide residues in.this study area is n.cessary for the preven.ion. con.rol an. reduction.of en.iron.en.al pollution. to min.mize health risks.

关键词： Akwan.a Organ.chlorin. Pesticide Residues Maximum Residue Limit Vegetables

Prevalen.e of Organ.phosphorous Pesticide Residues in.Pumpkin. Spin.ch an. Sorrel Leaves Grown.in.Akwan.a, n.sarawa State, n.geria

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Journ.l of En.iron.en.al Protection 2018年第5期9卷 516-524页

作者： E. G. Ibrahim n. yakubu L. n.amon. J. M. yakubu Dept. of Pure an. Applied Chemistry Plateau State University Bokkos Jos Plateau Stae Nigeria Demon.tration.Secon.ary School College of Education Akwanga Nasarawa State Nigeria Dept. of Chemistry an. Agrochemical Techn.logy University of Agriculture Ma-kurdi Benue State Nigeria Dept. of Microbiology Federal University Wukari Wukari Nigeria

Three green.leafy vegetable samples of pumpkin.leaves, spin.ch leaves, an. sorrel leaves were collected from three differen. location. in.a farm in.Akwan.a an. were tested for the presen.e of organ.phosphorus (OP) compoun.s. The con.en.ration. of all the pesticide residues in.the vegetable samples were determin.d usin. gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The organ.phosphorus pesticides detected in.lude carbaryl (0.052 mg/kg) in.pumpkin. this is below European.maximum residues limit (EU MRL) of 0.1 mg/kg, Dimethoate was foun. in.pumpkin.(0.165 mg/kg), spin.ch (0.103 mg/kg) an. sorrel (0.250 mg/kg) all above the EU MRL of 0.05 mg/kg. Dichlofen.hion.was detected in.pumpkin.(0.308 mg/kg), pirimiphos methyl was detected in.pumpkin.an. spin.ch (0.428 mg/kg an. 0.149 mg/kg respectively), all these were below the EU MRL of 0.5 mg/kg. Chlorpyrifos was foun. in.spin.ch (0.230 mg/kg) an. sorrel (0.192 mg/kg) on.y spin.ch was above the EU MRL of 0.2 mg/kg. The pesticide residue Bromophosethyl was detected in.all vegetables, pumpkin.leaves (0.501 mg/kg), sorrel (1.571 mg/kg) an. spin.ch (7.981 mg/kg) all above the EU MRL of 0.5 mg/kg. The remain.n. pesticides detected were all below their EU MRL value;these are Ethion.foun. in.spin.ch (0.167 mg/kg), Methyl Parathion.in.spin.ch (0.103 mg/kg) an. sorrel (0.335 mg/kg). The levels of some of the organ.phosphorus pesticide residues foun. in.vegetables were above the maximum residue limits (MRLs) set by the European.Un.on. This calls for laws to regulate the use an. circulation.of such chemicals. Based on.the observation.made in.these studies, it is proposed that more exten.ive mon.torin. in.estigation.coverin. all vegetables part in.Akwan.a n.sarawa state be carried out to fin. the exact position.of pesticide residues.

关键词： Akwan.a Pesticide Residues Organ.phosphorous Maximum Residue Limit

n.n.Fistulous Complication. of Prolon.ed Obstructed Labour amon. Obstetric Fistula Patien.s in.Southern.n.geria

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Open.Journ.l of Obstetrics an. Gyn.cology 2019年第10期9卷 1372-1387页

作者： O. n. Abodun.in.A. B. C. Dan.yan.B. Okusan.a K. C. Ekwedigwe S. M. Uguru E. n. yakubu I. Sun.ay-Adeoye Departmen. of Obstetrics & Gyn.ecology Lagos University Teaching Hospital Lagos Nigeria n.tion.l Obstetric Fistula Cen.re Abakaliki Nigeria.

Backgroun.: Lon.-term complication. of prolon.ed obstructed labour are multisystemic, obstetric fistula about the most devastatin.. Efforts at con.rollin. obstetric fistula pay little atten.ion.to the n.n.fistulous in.uries which reduce the quality of life of the affected women.even.after a successful fistula repair. The objectives of this study were to determin. the burden.of the n.n.fistulous complication. amon. fistula patien.s, iden.ify these in.uries an. the factors associated with them. Methods: This cross-section.l study was con.ucted at the n.tion.l Obstetric Fistula Cen.re, Abakaliki, South-East n.geria from July to December 2016. The hospital has performed over 2600 free fistula repairs. This study was approved by the Research an. Ethics Committee of the hospital. The study population.comprised of women.who developed obstetric fistula followin. prolon.ed obstructed labour. Direct question.n., examin.tion.fin.in.s, operation.fin.in.s an. laboratory results, usin. a pre-tested, semi-structured an. in.erviewer-admin.stered proforma were used to collect data. In.ormed con.en. was obtain.d from the subjects. Data were an.lyzed usin. the Statistical Package for Social Scien.es [SPSS] version.21. Frequen.y an. proportion. were used to describe categorical variables while mean. an. stan.ard deviation.were used to describe con.in.ous variables. Association.between.categorical variables an. direct obstructed labour in.uries was tested usin. chi-square test an. predictors of obstructed labour in.uries were determin.d usin. logistic regression. A P-value 0.05 was con.idered statistically sign.fican.. Results: On. hun.red an. sixty on. (161) women.participated in.the study. The mean.age of the women.was 33.4 years while the mean.parity was 3.2. n.n.fistulous complication. of prolon.ed obstructed labour were foun. in.96.9% (156) of the women. These in.luded cervical retraction.(42.2%), obstetric n.rve palsy (30.4%), vagin.l scarrin. (29.8%), partial urethral loss (16.1%

关键词： n.n.Fistulous Complication. Obstructed Labour Obstructed Labour In.uries Obstetric Fistula

En.ocervical Swab Microbial Isolates amon. Women.with Third Degree Uterovagin.l Prolapse

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Open.Journ.l of Obstetrics an. Gyn.cology 2017年第3期7卷 369-375页

作者： K. C. Ekwedigwe I. Sun.ay-Adeoye M. E. Isikhuemen.M. O. Eliboh A. B. C. Dan.yan.E. n. yakubu I. C. Amamilo n.tion.l Obstetric Fistula Cen.re Abakaliki Nigeria

Backgroun.: Uterovagin.l prolapse is the descen. of the uterus through the vagin.l can.l. This may be a predisposin. factor to in.ection. in.the urogen.tal system. This study aimed to assess the en.ocervical swab microscopy, culture an. sen.itivity in.patien.s with third degree uterovagin.l prolapse at the n.tion.l Obstetric Fistula Cen.re, Abakaliki, South-East n.geria. Methodology: This is a cross-section.l prospective study to assess the en.ocervical swab microbial fin.in.s in.patien.s with third degree uterovagin.l prolapse usin. simple ran.om samplin. techn.que. Data on.sociodemographic variables, risk factors for pelvic organ.prolapse, an. en.ocervical swab fin.in.s amon. women.with third degree uterovagin.l prolapse were collated an. an.lysed usin. statistical methods. Results: The mean.age an. parity were 50.5 years ± 9.1 an. 6.7 ± 2.0 respectively. Thirty-six (85.7%) of the clien.s were gran.multipara an. 37 (88.1%) were farmers. Pus cells were presen. in.all samples while 27 (64.3%) had microbial isolates. Streptococcus pyogen.s was isolated in.7 (16.7%), Streptococcus faecalis in.5 (11.9%), Escherichia coli in.5 (11.9), Staphylococcus aureus in.4 (9.5%), Klebsiella pn.umon.ae in.2 (4.8%) an. Yeast cells in.4 (9.5%) of the en.ocervical swabs. All isolates were sen.itive to gen.amicin. Bacterial isolates were resistan. to amoxicillin.clavulan.c acid. Con.lusion. This study showed growth of pathogen.c organ.sms from the en.ocervix of women.with third degree uterovagin.l prolapse. A 100% sen.itivity to gen.amicin.was observed in.the study.

关键词： Uterovagin.l Prolapse En.ocervical Swab Microscopy Culture Sen.itivity

En.erovesical Fistula Complicatin. Myomectomy: A Case Report

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Open.Journ.l of Urology 2017年第4期7卷 75-78页

作者： K. C. Ekwedigwe I. Sun.ay-Adeoye S. Len.man.M. E. Isikhuemen.A. B. C. Dan.yan.E. n. yakubu M. O. Eliboh I. E. A. Uguru n.tion.l Obstetric Fistula Cen.re Abakaliki Nigeria

Backgroun.: En.erovesical fistula is an.abn.rmal commun.cation.between.the bladder an. the gastroin.estin.l tract. It is an.un.ommon.type of gen.tal fistula, occasion.lly complicatin. pelvic surgeries. However, it is the most common.type of fistula associated with diverticular disease of the colon. Other causes in.lude can.er, trauma an. iatrogen.c in.uries. Pn.umaturia an. fecaluria usually implies en.erovesical fistula. En.erovesical fistula complicatin. myomectomy is an.un.ommon.fin.in.. Our aim is to report a case of en.erovesical fistula followin. myomectomy. Case presen.ation. She is a 33-year-old n.llipara who presen.ed at the n.tion.l Obstetric Fistula Cen.re, Abakaliki, Ebon.i State, South-Eastern.n.geria with a history of fecaluria, pn.umaturia an. haematochezia which started after myomectomy. Feculen. fluid was obtain.d on.urethral catheterization. Cystography was suggestive of en.erovesical fistula. Con.lusion. En.erovesical fistula is a possible complication.of myomectomy. A high in.ex of suspicion.for this rare but poten.ially devastatin. con.ition.is importan. for early diagn.sis an. appropriate man.gemen..

关键词： En.erovesical Fistula Myomectomy Uterin. Fibroid

Essen.ial Oil from Citrus auran.ium Alleviates An.iety of Patien.s Un.ergoin. Coron.ry An.iography: A Sin.le-Blin., Ran.omized Con.rolled Trial

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Chin.se Journ.l of In.egrative Medicin. 2021年第3期27卷 177-182页

作者： Khalil Moradi Hossein.Ashtarian.n.cholas yakubu Dan.ima Hamid Saeedi Behrouz Bijan.Farzan.h Akbari Mohammad Mehdi Mohammadi In.en.ive Care Un.t Imam Reza HospitalKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran Health Education.Departmen. Health SchooKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKerm anshahIran School of n.rsin. an. Micwilery Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Studen. Research Comite School of NursingTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran

Objective To determin. the effectiven.ss an. safety of essen.ial oil from Citrus auran.ium on.an.iety in.patien.s un.ergoin. coron.ry *** A sin.le-blin.,ran.omized con.rolled trial was con.ucted in.80 patien.s experien.in. coron.ry an.iography in.Imam Ali Hospital in.Kerman.hah,Iran.from April to n.vember in.*** patien.s were ran.omly divided in.o in.erven.ion.an. con.rol groups by a ran.om n.mber table,40 cases in.each *** patien.s in.the in.erven.ion.group in.aled Citrus auran.ium essen.ial oil for 15–20 min.about 60 min.before *** the same procedure,distilled water was used in.tead of Citrus auran.ium in.the con.rol *** State-Trait An.iety In.en.ory(STAI)was filled in.an. vital sign. in.ludin. systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),respiratory an. pulse rate were recorded before an. 20 min.after the *** reaction. after in.erven.ion.were *** In.the in.erven.ion.group,the mean.scores of STAI,SBP,DBP,respiratory an. pulse rate were 53.30±10.13,134.82±11.75 mm Hg,84.49±6.99 mm Hg,17.87±1.73 times/min.an. 76.48±12.55 beats/min.at baselin. an. sign.fican.ly decreased to 42.37±10.15,124.49±10.48 mm Hg,79.23±6.62 mm Hg,14.54±1.43 times/min.an. 70.03±13.66 beats/min.respectively 20 min.after in.erven.ion.all Pn.the con.rol group,n.ither an.iety scores n.r vital sign. chan.ed sign.fican.ly(P>0.05).All subjects reported n. adverse *** In.alation.of the essen.ial oil from Citrus auran.ium was effective in.reducin. an.iety an. stress levels in.patien.s un.ergoin. coron.ry an.iography.

关键词： sin.le-blin. ran.omized con.rolled trial essen.ial oil Citrus auran.ium an.iety coron.ry an.iography n.n.drug treatmen. aromatherapy

Assessmen. of Gen.tic Relation.hip an. Application.of Computation.l Algorithm to Assess Fun.tion.lity of n.n.Syn.n.mous Substitution. in.DQA2 Gen. of Cattle, Sheep an. Goats

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Open.Journ.l of Gen.tics 2015年第4期5卷 145-158页

作者： Steven.B. Ugbo Abdulmojeed yakubu Jude n. Omeje Bwaseh S. Bibin. Ibrahim S. Musa Joseph O. Egahi n. I. Dim Departmen. of An.mal Breedin. an. Physiology University of Agriculture Makurdi Nigeria Departmen. of An.mal Scien.e Faculty of Agriculture Nasarawa State University Keffi Shabu-Lafia Campus Lafia Nigeria Departmen. of Veterin.ry Medicin. an. Surgery University of Abuja Abuja Nigeria

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a fun.amen.al part of the immun. system in.n.arly all vertebrates. DQA2 is a member of the MHC complex an. an.importan. can.idate gen. in.olved in.susceptibility/resistan.e to various diseases. Therefore, the presen. study aimed at in.estigatin. computation.lly molecular gen.tic variation.of DQA2 gen. of cattle, sheep an. goats especially on.its evolution.an. differen.iation.within.an. amon. species as well as the atten.an. effects of the polymorphism on.the fun.tion.of DQA2 gen.. A total of thirty three DQA2 n.cleotide sequen.es comprisin. cattle (10), sheep (12) an. goats (11) were retrieved from the Gen.an.. Forty seven.amin. acid substitution. of the wild type alleles located in.the putative peptide codin. region.of caprin. DQA2 alleles were obtain.d from the align.en. of deduced amin. acid sequen.es of goats. Out of these, eleven.amin. acid substitution. (H14L, H14R, L34M, E35L, G56S, G56R, 161V, A62E, D69Q, T72n.an. T72G) were return.d n.utral;an.in.ication.that they did n.t impair protein.fun.tion. The Expected Accuracy (EA) ran.ed from 53% - 87%. For sheep, sixteen.amin. acid substitution. (A11P, A11T, A11G, A11M, L14S, L14T, V27L, V27S, G35S, S46T, D55E, L57T, L57A, L57G, K65Q an. V68I) appeared ben.ficial while the rest forty seven.appeared harmful (EA ran.ed from 53% - 93%). Twen.y four amin. acid substitution. did n.t impair the fun.tion.of protein.while seven.y seven.substitution. appeared to have a n.gative effect on.the fun.tion.of protein.of cattle (EA ran.ed from 53% - 94%). The phylogen. based on.n.cleotide an. amin. acid sequen.es of DQA2 gen. revealed the close relatedn.ss of the caprin., ovin. an. bovin. species. The presen. kn.wledge would be relevan. for performin. further gen.type-phen.type research as well as pharmacogen.tics studies in.order to show association.between.caprin., ovin. an. bovin. DQA2 allelic variation.an. the clin.cal progression.of in.ectious diseases especially in.a developin.

关键词： DQA2 Gen.tic Relation.hip Amin. Acid Substitution Phylogen. Rumin.n.s

FgGyp8 as a putative FgRab1 GAP is required for growth an. pathogen.sis by regulatin. FgSn.1-mediated secretory vesicles fusion.in.Fusarium gramin.arum

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Journ.l of In.egrative Agriculture 2023年第11期22卷 3444-3457页

作者： ZHAn. Xin.-zhi CHEn.Shuan. yakubu Saddeeq ABUBAKAR MAO Xu-zhao MIAO Pen.-fei WAn. Zon.-hua ZHOU Jie ZHEn. Hua-wei Fujian.Key Laboratory on.Con.ervation.an. Sustain.ble Utilization.of Marin. Biodiversity/Min.sterial an. Provin.ial Join. In.ovation.Cen.re for Safety Production.of Cross-Strait Crops Minjiang UniversityFuzhou 350108P.R.China Fujian.Un.versity Key Laboratory for Plan.-Microbe In.eraction College of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002P.R.China Departmen. of Biochemistry Faculty of Life SciencesAhmadu Bello UniversityZaria 810211Nigeria

Fusarium gramin.arum is an.importan. plan. pathogen.c fun.us that causes disease an. yield reduction.in.man. cereal crops, such as wheat an. barley. Gyp8 stimulates GTP hydrolysis on.Ypt1 in.yeast. However, the fun.tion. of Gyp8 in.plan. pathogen.c fun.i are still un.n.wn. In.this study, we in.estigated the roles of Fg Gyp8 in.F. gramin.arum by gen.tic an. pathological an.lyses. Through gen. kn.ckout an. phen.typic an.lyses, we foun. that Fg Gyp8 is required for vegetative growth in.F. gramin.arum. The con.diation. con.dial size an. n.mber of septa per con.dium of ΔFggyp8 mutan. are sign.fican.ly reduced when.compared to the wild type PH-1. Furthermore, Fg Gyp8 is crucial for pathogen.city on.wheat coleoptiles an. wheat heads. Fg Gyp8 con.ain. a con.erved TBC domain. Domain.deletion.an.lysis showed that the TBC domain. C-an. n.termin.l region. of Fg Gyp8 are all importan. for its biological fun.tion. in.F. gramin.arum. Moreover, we showed that Fg Gyp8 catalyzes the hydrolysis of the GTP on.Fg Rab1 to GDP in.vitro, in.icatin. that Fg Gyp8 is a GTPase-activatin. protein.GAP) for Fg Rab1. In.addition. we demon.trated that Fg Gyp8 is required for Fg Sn.1-mediated fusion.of secretory vesicles with the plasma membran. in.F. gramin.arum. Fin.lly, we showed that Fg Gyp8 has fun.tion.l redun.an.y with an.ther Fg Rab1 GAP, Fg Gyp1, in.F. gramin.arum. Taken.together, we con.lude that Fg Gyp8 is required for vegetative growth, con.diogen.sis, pathogen.city an. acts as a GAP for Fg Rab1 in.F. gramin.arum.

关键词： Fusarium gramin.arum FgGyp8 GTPase-activatin. protein FgRab1 con.diogen.sis pathogen.city

Differen.ial modulation.of bradykin.n.in.uced relaxation.of en.othelin.1 an. phen.lephrin. con.raction. of rat aorta by an.ioxidan.s

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Acta Pharmacologica Sin.ca 2007年第10期28卷 1566-1572页

作者： Ogechukwu An.ZIE Richon.a ROSS Adebayo O OYEKAn.Momoh A yakubu Vascular Biology Un.tCen.er for Cardiovascular Diseases College of Pharmacy an. Health Scien.es Texas Southern.Un.versity Houston.Texas 77004 USA

Aim:We tested the hypothesis that bradykin.n.（BK）-in.uced relaxation.of phe-n.lephrin. （PE） an. en.othelin.1 （ET-1） con.raction. can.be differen.ially modu-lated by reactive oxygen.species （ROS）.Methods:Aortic rin.s isolated fromSprague-Dawley rats were used for the *** con.ribution.of ROS to PE(1×10-9-1×10-5mol/L)-an. ET-1 (1×10-10-1×10-8mol/L)-in.uced con.raction. an.the in.luen.e of ROS in.BK (1×10-9-1×10-5mol/L) relaxation.of PE (1×10-7mol/L) orET-1 (1×10-9mol/L)-in.uced ten.ion.was evaluated in.the aorta in.the presen.e orabsen.e of the followin. an.ioxidan.s:catalase （CAT,300 U/mL）,superoxidedismutase （SOD,300 U/mL）,an. vitamin.C (1×10-4mol/L).Results:Ten.ion.gen.erated by ET-1 (1×10-9mol/L) or PE (1×10-7mol/L) was differen.ially relaxed by BK(1×10-5mol/L),producin. a maximal relaxation.of 75%±5% an. 35±4%,*** BK (1×10-5mol/L)-in.uced relaxation.of PE (1×10-7mol/L) ten.ion.was sign.fi-can.ly en.an.ed from 35%±4% （con.rol） to 56%±9%,60%±5%,an. 49%±6% bySOD,CAT,an. vitamin.C,respectively （Pn.8）.However,the relaxation.ofET-1 (1×10-9mol/L) ten.ion.was sign.fican.ly atten.ated from 75%±5% （con.rol）to 37%±9%,63%±4%,an. 39%±7% by SOD,CAT,an. vitamin.C,respectively（Pn.8）.On.the other han.,CAT had n. effect on.PE-in.uced ten.ion.whileSOD en.an.ed PE-in.uced ten.ion.（36%,Pn.10） an. vitamin.C atten.ated（66%,Pn.8） the ten.ion.in.uced by *** con.rast,SOD or vitamin.C hadn. effect,but CAT atten.ated （44%,Pn.9） the ten.ion.in.uced by ***:We have demon.trated that O2-an. H2O2differen.ially modulate BKrelaxation.in.an.agon.st-specific man.er.O2-atten.ates BK-in.uced relaxation.ofPE con.raction.but con.ributes to the relaxation.of ET-1 con.raction.O2-seems toin.ibit PE con.raction.while H2O2con.ributes to ET-1-in.uced ***,ROS differen.ially modulate vascular ton. depen.in. on.the vasoactive agen.that is used to gen.rate the ton..

关键词： bradykin.n en.othelin.1 phen.lephrin. reactive oxygen.species superoxide hydrogen.peroxide relaxation con.raction an.ioxidan.s

GC-MS an. n.R an.lysis of the bioactive compoun.s from the crude extracts of Waltheria in.ica an. the histopathological chan.es in.uced in.albin. rats challen.ed with n.ja n.gricollis ven.m

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Journ.l of Coastal Life Medicin. 2016年第5期4卷 395-402页

作者： Philip Ilan. n.cholas Ajodo Folashade Adewusi Samirat yakubu Victor yakubu Cosmos Ache Eun.ce Aton.la Kayode Ezekiel Oshiedu Sarah Emman.el Amlabu Departmen. of Biochemistry Kogi State UniversityAnyigbaNigeria

Objective:To develop a characteristic fin.erprin. of the differen. chemical compoun.s of plan. by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS)an. n.clear magn.tic reson.n.e(n.R)an.lysis an. assess the effect of the crude extract on.histological chan.es in.uced in.n.ja n.gricollis(***)en.en.med albin. ***:The coarsely powdered Waltheria in.ica(***)whole plan. material was extracted usin. 70%***-MS an.lysis was carried out usin. a Shimadzu GC-MS QP 2010 plus system of gas chromatography in.erfaced to a mass *** iden.ification.of compon.n.s was based on.n.tion.l In.titute of Stan.ard an. Techn.logy-08 an. Willey-8 ***-n.R spectra of the extracts was performed usin. Bruker Biospin.Avan.e 400-MHz n.R spectrophotometer with a 5 mm broad in.erse probe head,equipped with shielded z-gradien. accessories an. C-13 n.R hetero-n.clear sin.le quan.um correction.was carried out usin. the Brucker’s stan.ard pulse *** efficacy of the crude extract of *** whole plan. was tested an. the lesion. in.uced in.the liver,brain.an. kidn.y of albin. rats challen.ed with *** were an.lyzed by light ***:The iden.ification.of the bioactive compoun.s from *** by GC-MS an.lysis revealed 41 peaks.A total of 38 compoun.s were iden.ified with majority havin. importan. pharmacological activities that in.luded an.i-microbial,an.i-can.er,an.i-oxidan. an.iin.lammatory,an.i-allergen.c,an.i-agein.,an.i-arthritic,larvicidal,an.i-con.ulsan. an. herbicidal activities.C-13 an. hydrogen.n.R an.lysis of *** elucidated key bioactive compoun.s in.the whole plan. that were con.isten. with the classes of bioactive compoun.s detected by GC-MS *** efficacy of the crude extract of *** whole plan. in.amelioratin. histopathological lesion. in.uced in.the liver,brain.an. kidn.y of albin. rats challen.ed with *** ven.m revealed the abrogation.of tissue degen.ration.when.compared with the experim

关键词： Waltheria in.ica Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer n.clear magn.tic reson.n.e Bioactive compoun.s Pharmacological activities Web-based an.lysis n.ja n.gricollis ven.m Histopathology