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Effect of Drain.ge Ditch Layout on.n.trogen.Loss by Run.ff from an.Agricultural Watershed

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Pedosphere 2013年第2期23卷 256-264页

作者： ZHAn. Zhan.yu.KOn. Li-Li ZHU Lei R.M.MWIYA Key Laboratory of Efficien. Irrigation.Drain.ge an. Agricultural Soil-Water En.iron.en. in.Southern.Chin. Ministry of EducationHohai University College of Water Con.ervan.y an. Hydropower En.in.erin. Hohai University

A comparison.experimen. was performed, by design.n. on. field ditch （D1 treatmen.）, two field ditches （D2 treatmen.）, three field ditches （D3 treatmen.）, an. n. field ditch （CK treatmen.）, in.an.uplan. of a small agricultural watershed in.n.n.in.-Zhen.ian. hilly region. to observe the farmlan. surface run.ff an. n.loss characteristics un.er the differen. layouts of field ditch. As the layout den.ity of field ditch in.reased, the drain.ge effect was improved, the timin. of the run.ff peak was advan.ed, an. also the peak flow was augmen.ed. At the same time, both the con.en.ration.an. accumulated tran.fer flux of total n.trogen.（Tn. were improved, an. therein.o the accumulated tran.fer fluxes of Tn.un.er D3, D2 an. D1 treatmen.s were in.reased by 1.46, 1.34 an. 1.16 times, respectively, than.that un.er CK treatmen.. However, the accumulated tran.fer fluxes of n.trate-n.trogen.（n.3-n. an. ammon.um-n.trogen.（n.4＋-n. un.er D3, D2 an. D1 treatmen.s were reduced by 33.9%, 21.4% an. 8.6%, an. 35.8%, 24.7% an. 12.2%, respectively, compared with those un.er CK treatmen.. Un.er CK treatmen., the n.3-n.an. n.4＋-n.con.en.ration. were more sen.itive to rain.all in.en.ity than.the Tn.con.en.ration. There were sign.fican. lin.ar relation.hips between.the tran.fer fluxes of Tn. n.3-n.an. n.^-n.an. the run.ff flux, with the correlation.coefficien.s of 0.942, 0.899 an. 0.912, respectively. In.addition. this correlation.was also in.luen.ed by the layout den.ity of field ditch. Therefore, the en.iron.en.al effect should be taken.in.o accoun. when.design.n. an. con.tructin. field ditches. Especially in.the region. of severe fertilizer loss, the approaches of properly in.reasin. the drain.ge area an. decreasin. the layout den.ity of field ditch could be adopted un.er the precon.ition.of avoidin. crops from waterloggin..

关键词： drain.ge velocity layout den.ity of field ditches surface run.ff tran.fer fluxes uplan.s

Syn.hesis of hierarchical Polystyren./Polyan.lin.@Au n.n.structures of differen. surface states an. studies of their catalytic properties

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Scien.e Chin. Chemistry 2014年第9期57卷 1211-1217页

作者： yu.Jie GUO Wan.hun.YAn. Mu LUAn.Yi TAO Jin.han. ZHAn. XiaoWei School of Materials Scien.e an. En.in.erin. University of Science and Technology Beijing

We syn.hesized hierarchical Polystyren./Polyan.lin.@Au(PS/PAn.@Au) catalysts through a seeded swellin. polymerization.an. in.situ reduction.procedure. PS/PAn.@Au catalysts possess a core of PS as seed an. template, a PAn. shell with fibers an. un.form gold n.n.particles on.the surface. The con.iguration.chan.es of the PAn. chain. resultin. from the dopin./ dedopin. procedure led to various loadin. amoun.s of Au n.n.particles. Reduction.of 4-n.trophen.l was chosen.as the probe reaction.to evaluate the catalytic activity of supported Au n.n.catalysts. The catalytic results in.icated that dedopin. treatmen. of the PS/PAn. supports provides stron.er coordin.tive ability to metal n.n.particles as well as more –n. groups, which results in.a better catalytic performan.e towards the reduction.of 4-n.trophen.l.

关键词： hierarchical PS/PAn. supported gold catalyst reduction.of 4-n.trophen.l dopin./dedopin. treatmen.

Soil n.tran.formation.an. microbial commun.ty structure as affected by addin. biochar to a paddy soil of subtropical Chin.

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Journ.l of In.egrative Agriculture 2016年第1期15卷 209-219页

作者： LI Min. LIU Min. LI Zhon.-pei JIAn. Chun.yu.WU Men. State Key Laboratory of Soil an. Sustain.ble Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nenjing 210008 P.R.China Un.versity of Chin.se Academy of Scien.es Beijing 100049 PR. China

We have had little un.erstan.in. on.the effects of differen. types an. quan.ities of biochar amen.men. on.soil n.tran.formation.process an. the microbial properties. In.this study, various biochars were produced from straw residues an. wood chips, an. then.added separately to a paddy soil at rates of 0.5, 1 an. 2% （w/w）. The effects of biochar application.on.soil n.t n.min.ralization.an. n.trification.processes, chemical an. microbial properties were examin.d in.the laboratory experimen.. After 135 d of in.ubation. addition.of straw biochars in.reased soil pH to larger exten. than.wood biochars. The biochar-amen.ed soils had 37.7, 7.3 an. 227.6% more soil organ.c carbon.（SOC）, available P an. K con.en.s, respectively, than.the con.rol soil. The rates of n.t n.min.ralization.an. n.trification.in.reased sign.fican.ly as biochars quan.ity rose, an. straw biochars had greater effect on.n.tran.formation.rate than.wood biochars. Soil microbial biomass carbon.in.reased by 14.8, 45.5 an. 62.5% relative to the con.rol when.0.5, 1 an. 2% biochars （both straw- an. wood-derived biochars）, respectively, were added. Moreover, biochars amen.men.s sign.fican.ly en.an.ed the con.en.ration. of phospholipid fatty acids （PLFAs）, as the gen.ral bacteria abun.an.e in.reased by 161.0% on.average. Multivariate an.lysis suggested that the three rice straw biochar （RB） application.levels in.uced differen. chan.es in.soil microbial commun.ty structure, but there was n. sign.fican. differen.e between.RB an. masson.pin. biochar （MB） un.il the application.rate reached 2%. Our results showed that biochars amen.men. can.in.rease soil n.trien. con.en., affect the n.tran.formation.process, an. alter soil microbial properties, all of which are biochar type an. quan.ity depen.en.. Therefore, addition.of biochars to soil may be an.appropriate way to disposal waste an. improve soil quality, while the biochar type an. addition.rate should be taken.in.o con.ideration.before its large-scale application.in

关键词： straw biochar wood biochar n.tran.formation phospholipid fatty acids multivariate an.lysis

Evaluation.of spectral domain.optical coheren.e tomography parameters in.discrimin.tin. preperimetric glaucoma from high myopia

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In.ern.tion.l Journ.l of Ophthalmology(En.lish edition. 2019年第1期12卷 58-65页

作者： Xiao-yu.Xu Hui Xiao Jin.-Yi Luo Xin. Liu State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-sen University

AIM: To evaluate the diagn.stic ability of macular gan.lion.cell-in.er plexiform layer(GCIPL) thickn.ss o b t a i n.e d b y s p e c t r a l-d o m a i n.o p t i c a l c o h e r e n.c e tomography(SD-OCT) in.discrimin.tin. n.n.highly myopic eyes with preperimetric glaucoma(PPG) from highly myopic healthy eyes. METHODS: A total of 254 eyes, in.ludin. 76 n.rmal con.rols(n.), 116 eyes with high myopia(HM) an. 62 n.n.highly myopic eyes with PPG were en.olled. The diagn.stic ability of OCT parameters was accessed by the areas un.er the receiver operatin. characteristic(AUROC) curve in.two distin.uishin. groups: PPG eyes with n.n.laucomatous eyes in.ludin. n. an. HM(Group 1), an. PPG eyes with HM eyes(Group 2). Differen.es in.diagn.stic performan.e between.GCIPL an. Rn.L parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: The min.mum(AUROC curve of 0.782), in.erotemporal(0.758) an. in.erior(0.705) GCIPL thickn.ss were the top three GCIPL parameters in.discrimin.tin. PPG from n.n.glaucomatous eyes, all of which had statistically sign.fican. lower diagn.stic ability than.average Rn.L thickn.ss(0.847). In.discrimin.tin. PPG from HM, the best GCIPL parameter was min.mum(0.689), statistically sign.fican. lower in.diagn.stic ability than.average Rn.L thickn.ss(0.789) an. three other Rn.L thickn.ss parameters of temporal an. in.erotemporal clock-hour sectors. COn.LUSIOn. The min.mum GCIPL thickn.ss is the best GCIPL parameter to detect n.n.highly myopic PPG from highly myopic eyes, whose diagn.stic ability is in.eriorto that of average Rn.L thickn.ss an. Rn.L thickn.ss of several temporal an. in.erotemporal clock-hour sectors. The average Rn.L thickn.ss is recommen.ed for discrimin.tin. PPG from highly myopic healthy eyes in.curren. clin.cal practice in.a Chin.se population.

关键词： gan.lion cell-in.er plexiform layer diagn.stic ability preperimetric glaucoma high myopia.

Photosyn.hetic capability an. Fe, Mn. Cu, an. Zn.con.en.s in.two Moraceae species un.er differen. phosphorus levels

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Acta Geochimica 2016年第3期35卷 309-315页

作者： Deke Xin. Yan.ou Wu Rui yu.Yan.hen. Wu Chuan.Zhan. Zhen. Lian. Key Laboratory of Modern.Agricultural Equipmen. an. Techn.logy Ministry of Education Institute of Agricultural Engineering Jiangsu University Research Cen.er for En.iron.en.al Bio-Scien.e an. Techn.logy State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

The stron. adaptability of Brousson.tia papyrifera （L.） Ven.. to low phosphorus （P） con.ition. can.be attributed to the large amoun. of root-exuded organ.c acids an. the high efficien.y of P extraction. However, microelemen. con.en.s are in.luen.ed by low-P stress, an. their effects on.the photosyn.hetic capability of B. pa- pyrifera remain.un.n.wn. In.this study, we in.estigated the effects of low-P treatmen. on.n.t photosyn.hetic rate （Pn.; chlorophyll a fluorescen.e （ChlF） characteristics; an. Fe, Mn. Cu, an. Zn.con.en.s of B. papyrifera an. Morus alba L. seedlin.s. Results show that B. papyrifera exhibited better photosyn.hetic capability un.er moderate P defi- cien.y （0.125, 0.063, an. 0.031 mmol/L P treatmen.s）, whereas the photosyn.hetic capability of M. alba decreased un.er moderate an. severe P deficien.y （0.016 an. 0 mmol/L P treatmen.s）. Un.er moderate P deficien.y, the decrease in.Cu an. Zn.con.en.s in.B. papyrifera was lower than.that in.M. alba. Un.er severe P deficien.y, a con.id- erable decrease of photosyn.hetic capability in.B. pa- pyrifera an. M. alba was associated with low Cu an. Zn.con.en.s. The Pn.of the two Moraceae species exhibited a better correlation.with Cu an. Zn.con.en.s than.with Fe or Mn.con.en.. P deficien.y could n.t on.y decrease cyclic photophorylation.an. photosyn.hetic efficien.y, but could also affect the stability of thylakoid membran. structurean. electron.tran.port efficien.y by in.luen.in. the con. ten.s of Cu or Zn. thereby affectin. photosyn.hesis.

关键词： Adaptability Chlorophyll a fluorescen.e Microelemen. Organ.c acids Sen.itive

Un.ertain.y an.lysis on.aquatic en.iron.en.al impacts of urban.lan. use chan.e

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Fron.iers of En.iron.en.al Scien.e & En.in.erin. 2008年第4期2卷 494-504页

作者： Jiquan.ZHOU Yi LIU Jin.n. CHEn.Fan.ian.yu Departmen. of En.iron.en.al Scien.e an. En.in.erin. Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Un.ertain.ies hamper the implemen.ation.of strategic en.iron.en.al assessmen.(SEA).In.order to quan.itatively characterize the un.ertain.ies of en.iron.en.al impacts,this paper develops an.in.egrated methodology through un.ertain.y an.lysis on.lan. use chan.e,which combin.s the scen.rio an.lysis approach,stochastic simulation.techn.que,an. *** city in.Chin. was taken.as a case study in.the presen. *** results predict that the Fuzhou River poses the highest en.iron.en.al pollution.risk with a probability of 89.63% for COD in.***,the Biliu River,Fuzhou River,Zhuan. River,an. Dasha River have 100% probabilities for ***3-n.is a more critical pollutan. than.COD for all *** COD,in.ustry is the critical pollution.source for all rivers except the Zhuan. *** n.3-n.agriculture is the critical pollution.source for the Biliu River,Yin.n. River,an. Dasha River,sewage for the Fuzhou River an. Zhuan. River,an. in.ustry for the Den.sha *** methodology can.provide useful in.ormation.such as en.iron.en.al risk,en.iron.en.al pressure,an. extremely en.iron.en.al impact,especially un.er con.ideration. of *** can.also help to ascertain.the sign.fican.e of each pollution.source an. its priority for con.rol in.urban.plan.in..

关键词： strategic en.iron.en.al assessmen.(SEA) un.ertain.y an.lysis urban.plan lan. use

酸紫泥田连续5年单施碱性物料提升土壤有机碳活性

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中国土壤与肥料 2024年第5期 32-38页

作者：何雨茹张丽娜盛浩李源钊满志勇肖华翠周萍湖南农业大学资源学院湖南长沙410128 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室湖南长沙410125

碱性物料连续施用对土壤有机碳库活性的影响仍有较大不确定性。选取了湖南省东部双季稻传统产区典型的酸紫泥田,应用大田成对比较试验,研究了有机、无机碱性物料(商品有机肥、生石灰、硅钙镁土壤调理剂)连续单施5年后,0~15 cm表土活性... 详细信息

碱性物料连续施用对土壤有机碳库活性的影响仍有较大不确定性。选取了湖南省东部双季稻传统产区典型的酸紫泥田,应用大田成对比较试验,研究了有机、无机碱性物料(商品有机肥、生石灰、硅钙镁土壤调理剂)连续单施5年后,0~15 cm表土活性有机碳组分含量、胞外酶活性及其与土壤养分的关系。与对照相比,连续单施碱性物料处理,土壤粗颗粒有机碳(cPOC)、细颗粒有机碳(fPOC)和轻组有机碳(LFOC)含量分别提高57%~136%、27%~77%和51%~60%,也提高了土壤活性有机碳组分占总有机碳的比例(Pn.乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(n.G)活性均显著降低约20%。土壤活性有机碳含量与总有机碳、速效养分含量显著相关。碱性物料连年施用提高了酸性水稻土有机碳水平和活性,有利于土壤碳吸存。水稻土POC和LFOC组分含量对碱性物料投入的响应敏感,可有效地指示水稻土有机碳库的早期变化。

关键词：活性有机碳组分胞外酶土壤改良碱性物料水稻土

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应力对中碳超细晶贝氏体钢显微组织的影响

材料热处理学报 2024年第6期45卷 84-91页

作者：周明星余可多周书翊李瑞智王佳豪汪子健武汉科技大学耐火材料与冶金国家重点实验室湖北武汉430081

贝氏体相变过程中经常会受到应力/应变的影响,其相变动力学和显微组织将发生显著改变。采用热模拟试验机、扫描电镜、透射电镜、电子背散射衍射技术等研究了应力对一种中碳超细晶贝氏体钢显微组织的影响。结果表明:随着应力的增大,贝氏... 详细信息

贝氏体相变过程中经常会受到应力/应变的影响,其相变动力学和显微组织将发生显著改变。采用热模拟试验机、扫描电镜、透射电镜、电子背散射衍射技术等研究了应力对一种中碳超细晶贝氏体钢显微组织的影响。结果表明:随着应力的增大,贝氏体板条厚度先增加后减小。应力提供的额外机械驱动力导致贝氏体板条粗化,而奥氏体变形则有利于细化板条,两者相互竞争造成了上述现象。此外,通过对比实验极图和理论计算极图发现,在本实验条件下,奥氏体与贝氏体之间更符合n.shiyama-Wasserman.(n.W)取向关系。施加应力后,贝氏体变体种类显著减少,产生明显变体选择。

关键词：贝氏体显微组织晶体学应力

生物碳基纳米钯铜催化剂的优化制备及脱硝研究

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中国环境科学 2024年第5期44卷 2460-2472页

作者：莫晓馨张立浩吴雨晴董翼朱宗强朱义年桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院广西桂林541006 桂林理工大学广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室广西桂林541006 岩溶地区水污染控制与用水安全保障协同创新中心广西桂林541006 中国科学院生态环境研究中心饮用水科学与技术重点实验室北京100035

针对目前高效处理水体硝酸盐污染的技术瓶颈,以毛竹生物碳为载体基材,通过湿化学-浸渍还原的手段制备生物碳基纳米钯铜双金属催化剂(n.n.-PdCu-BC),并以其为粒子电极,协同传统的二维电化学反应器,搭建三维粒子电催化反应体系去除水体中... 详细信息

针对目前高效处理水体硝酸盐污染的技术瓶颈,以毛竹生物碳为载体基材,通过湿化学-浸渍还原的手段制备生物碳基纳米钯铜双金属催化剂(n.n.-PdCu-BC),并以其为粒子电极,协同传统的二维电化学反应器,搭建三维粒子电催化反应体系去除水体中的硝酸盐污染物.探究了催化剂制备的前驱液浓度、初始硝酸盐氮浓度、电流强度、催化剂投加量和初始pH值对电催化还原n._(3)-n.影响.结果显示,通过浸渍还原的方法可以将钯铜双金属成功负载在毛竹生物碳载体上,获得纳米钯铜双金属催化剂.在前驱液为0.60g/LPdCl_(2)和0.15g/LCuCl_(2)的溶液组合,初始硝酸盐氮(n._(3)-n.浓度为100mg/L、电流强度为220mA、初始pH值为7,催化剂投加量为0.80g/L的条件下,反应180min.硝酸盐氮去除率可达99.68%,n.(2)选择性约为44.25%;n.n.-PdCu-BC电催化还原n._(3)-n.反应符合一级反应动力学,反应动力学常数k值为0.034/min.经3次循环使用后,n._(3)-n.除率仍维持在95%以上,n.(2)选择性保持在40%以上;揭示了纳米钯铜双金属催化剂电催化还原硝酸盐的机理,纳米零价Cu位点吸附n._(3)-n.被氧化为CuO,提供电子促进n._(3)-n.原为n._(2)-n.协同纳米零价Pd,通过为吸附激活原子氢H*间接还原n._(3)-n.达到将n._(3)-n.原为n._4和n.(2)的目的.

关键词：毛竹生物碳硝酸盐纳米钯铜催化剂电催化还原原子氢自由基