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Factor analysis of recent major heatwaves in East Asia

Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 374-383页

作者： Arim Yoon Jeongwon Kim Jooyeop lee Hyun Min Sung Je-Woo Hong Seung-Ki Min Junhong lee Jinkyu Hong Ecosystem-Atmosphere Process Laboratory Department of Atmospheric SciencesYonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea National Institute of Meteorological Sciences Jeju 63568Republic of Korea Korea Adaptation Center for Climate Korea Environment InstituteSejong 30121Republic of Korea Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang 37673Republic of Korea Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Hamburg 20146Germany Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology Yonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea

Heatwaves(HWs)present a major hazard to our society and more extreme heatwaves are expected with future climatic ***,it is important to improve our understanding of the underlying processes that drive HWs,in order to boost our socioeconomic-ecological *** this study,we quantified the influences of key driving factors(large-scale atmospheric circulation,soil moisture,and sea surface temperature)and their synergies on recent heatwaves in East *** conducted a factor separation analysis for three recent HW events by constraining the key factors in the regional Weather Research and Forecasting model with their climatologies or pseudo-observations in different *** study showed distinct spatial variations in the HW-controlling factors in East *** synergistic interaction of large-scale circulation and soil moisture was the most important factors in the 2013 Chinese *** the 2018 HWs in Korea and Japan,the same stagnant large-scale atmospheric circulation played a dominant role in driving the HW *** land-atmosphere coupling via soil moisture,its interaction with circulation,and SST exhibited stronger influences during the Korean HW than the Japanese *** analysis also revealed temporal variations in the factors driving Korean and Chinese HWs due to typhoon passage and other multiple processes over heterogeneous surfaces(i.e.,topographically induced Foehn winds,large-scale warm advection from the warm ocean,spatial differences in soil moisture).Our findings suggest that future heatwave-related studies should consider interactive contributions of key factors,their interplay with surface heterogeneities of complex terrain.

关键词： Heatwave East Asia Large-scale circulation Soil moisture sea surface temperature Synergistic impacts

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Effect of twine thickness on size-selectivity of driftnet for the yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis in southwestern sea of Korea

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2016年第6期34卷 1199-1208页

作者： Seonghun KIM Jihyun LIM Kyounghoon lee Seongwook PARK Fisheries Engineering Research Division NIFS 46083Koera School of Marine Technology Chonnam National UniversityYeosu 59626Korea

In order to determine the effect of twine thickness on the size-selectivity of the driftnet used for the yellow croaker, size-selectivity tests were conducted with three different twine thicknesses(monofi lament diameters of 0.279 mm(number's method; No. 3), 0.321 mm(No. 4), and 0.360 mm(No. 5)) of driftnets for the yellow croaker in the seas around Chooja-do, Jeju Islands. The selectivity curve was estimated by using Kitahara's method. In order to determine the physical properties of the twine used in the experimental fi shing nets, we measured the breaking load, elongation, and stiffness under both dry and wet conditions. In terms of physical properties, the thinnest twine(No. 3) had the strongest breaking strength per unit cross-sectional area, along with good elongation and excellent fl exibility. The thickest twine(No. 5) had the lowest fl exibility. In terms of selectivity, the net of No. 3 twine showed the broadest selection range and, thus, a relatively low selectivity compared with the other nets, while the less fl exible net of No. 5 twine showed the narrowest selectivity range and high selectivity. In addition, it was found that a thicker twine resulted in a smaller haul of small fi sh. Therefore, it can be inferred that the thickness of the twine affects the size of the catch and selectivity, and thus the size composition of the catch as well.

关键词： yellow croaker driftnet size selectivity Kitahara's method twine thickness

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The diel vertical migration of the sound-scattering layer in the Yellow sea Bottom Cold Water of the southeastern Yellow sea: focus on its relationship with a temperature structure

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第9期32卷 44-49页

作者： lee Hyungbeen CHO Sungho KIM Woongseo KANG Donhyug Maritime Security Research Center Korea Institute of Ocean Science&Technology Deep-sea and seabed Resources Research Division Korea Institute of Ocean Science&Technology

Using the hydroacoustic method with a 200 kHz scientific echo sounding system, the diel vertical migration （DVM） of the sound-scatteringlayer （SSL） in the Yellow sea Bottom Cold Water （YSBCW） of the southeastern Yellow sea was studied in April （spring） and August （summer） of 2010 and 2011. For each survey, 13-27 hours of acoustic data were continuously collected at a stationary station. The acoustic volume scattering strength （Sv） data were analyzed with temperature profile data. In the spring of both 2010 and 2011, the SSL clearly showed the vertical migration throughout the entire water column, moving from the surface layer at night to near the bottom during the day. Conductivity, temperature, and depth data indicated that the entire water column was well mixed with low temperature of about 8℃. However, the SSL showed different patterns in the summers of 2010 and 2011. In the summer of 2010 （≈28℃ at the surface）, the SSL migrated to near the bottom during the day, but there were two SSLs above and below the thermocline at depth of 10-30 m at night. In the summer of 2011 （≈20℃ at the surface）, the SSL extended throughout the entire water column at night, possibly owing to an abrupt change in sea weather conditions caused by the passage of a Typhoon Muifa over the study area. It was cancluded that the DVM patterns in summer in the YSBCW area may be greatly influenced by a strengthened or weakened thermocline.

关键词： diel vertical migration sound-scattering layer temperature structure typhoon Yellow sea Bot- tom Cold Water

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Geochemistry and Origin of Layers in Single Manganese Nodule from the Philippine sea and Manganese Nodules from Offshore Minami-Torishima, Western Pacific

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第6期88卷 1835-1845页

作者： YAO Yungchang CHEN Juchin HUH Chihan lee Yungtan Institute of Oceanography National Taiwan University Division of Preparatory Programs for Overseas Chinese Students National Taiwan Normal University Institute of Earth Sciences Academia Sinica Department of Tourism Aletheia University

Layers from one manganese nodule dredged from the Philippine sea（16°56＇N, 129°48＇E; water depth, 5700 m） and 45 bulk nodules from offshore Minami-Torishima Island, Japan（23°3＇N, 153°22＇E; water depth, 1200 m） were analyzed chemically and their origin is discussed based on geochemical constraints. In general, Cu, Ni, Zn and Mo tend to increase with increasing Mn content, while Co, Pb, Ba, V, Sc, Th, and the rare earth elements（REEs） show less variation with increasing Mn content. Nodule 42 H from the Philippine sea has an average Mn/Fe ratio close to 1 and shows a positive Ce anomaly, suggesting a predominant hydrogenous origin. Profiles of 230Th230 ex and Thex/232 Th ratios in the outer ~0.3 mm of nodule 42 H indicate a steady growth rate of ~1.7 mm/Myr. Nodule E30 from offshore Minami-Torishima is characterized by lower Mn, Fe, Mn/Fe（0.53） and Mo/V（0.2） ratios but higher P and Cu/Ni（0.31） ratio relative to other nodules from that area. The Ce content of E30 is unusually low（82 ppm） when compared with other nodules from the area and it is the only nodule analyzed with a negative Ce anomaly（-0.64）. Based on the geochemical data we suggest that most nodules from offshore Minami-Torishima are primarily of hydrogenous origin except E30, which is dominated by hydrothermal input, and E45, which has about a 35% hydrothermal contribution.

关键词： manganese nodule geochemistry origin the Philippine sea Minami-Torishima

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Complications associated with energy-based devices during thyroidectomy from 2010–2020

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2023年第1期9卷 35-44页

作者： Esther lee Jane Y.Tong luke J.Pasick Daniel A.Benito Arjun Joshi Punam G.Thakkar Joseph F.Goodman Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery George Washington University School of Medicine&amp Health SciencesWashingtonDCUSA Western University of Health Sciences PomonaCAUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Drexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA

Objective:Harmonic Focus(Ethicon,Johnson and Johnson,Cincinnati,OH,USA),LigaSure Small Jaw(Medtronic,Covidien Products,Minneapolis,MN,USA),and Thunderbeat Open Fine Jaw(Olympus,Japan)are electrosurgical instruments used widely in head and neck *** study aims to compare device malfunctions,adverse events to patients,operative injuries,and interventions related to Harmonic,LigaSure,and Thunderbeat use during ***:The US Food and Drug Administration's Manufacture and User Facility Device Experience(MAUDE)database was queried for adverse events associated with Harmonic,LigaSure,and Thunderbeat from January 2005 to August *** were extracted from reports pertaining to ***:Of the 620 adverse events extracted,394(63.5%)involved Harmonic,134(21.6%)LigaSure,and 92(14.8%)*** reported device malfunctions most frequently associated with Harmonic was damage to the blade(110(27.9%)),LigaSure was inappropriate function(47(43.1%)),Thunderbeat was damage to the tissue or Teflon pad(27(30.7%)),*** injury and incomplete hemostasis were the most commonly reported adverse *** operative injury reported most frequently when using Harmonic and LigaSure was burn *** operator injuries were reported with Thunderbeat ***:The most frequently reported device malfunctions were damage to the blade,inappropriate function,and damage to the tissue or Teflon *** most frequently reported adverse events to patients was a burn injury and incomplete *** aimed at improving physician education may help reduce adverse events attributed to improper use.

关键词： Adverse events Harmonic LigaSure Manufacture and User Facility Device Experience Patient safety Quality Thunderbeat Thyroidectomy

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Estimation of marine winds in and around typhoons using multi-platform satellite observations: Application to Typhoon Soulik (2018)

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2022年第1期16卷 175-189页

作者： Seung-Woo lee Sung Hyun NAM Duk-Jin KIM School of Earth and Environmental Sciences College of Natural SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Research Institution of Oceanography College of Natural SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea

Estimating horizontal winds in and around typhoons is important for improved monitoring and prediction of typhoons and mitigating their ***,we present a new algorithm for estimating typhoon winds using multiple satellite observations and its application to Typhoon Soulik(2018).Four kinds of satellite remote sensing data,along with their relationship to typhoon intensity,derived statistically from hundreds of historical typhoon cases,were merged into the final product of typhoon wind(MT wind):(1)geostationarysatellite-based infrared images(IR wind),(2)passive microwave sounder(MW wind),(3)feature-tracked atmospheric motion vectors,and (4)scatterometer-based sea surface winds(SSWs).The algorithm was applied to two cases(A and B)of Typhoon Soulik and validated against SSWs independently retrieved from active microwave synthetic aperture radar(SAR)and microwave radiometer(AMSR2)images,and vertical profiles of wind speed derived from reanalyzed data and dropsonde *** Case A(open ocean),the algorithm estimated the realistic maximum wind,radius of maximum wind,and radius of 15 m/s,which could not be estimated using the reanalysis data,demonstrating reasonable and practical ***,for Case B(when the typhoon rapidly weakened just before making landfall in the Korean Peninsula),the algorithm significantly overestimated the parameters,primarily due to the overestimation of typhoon *** study highlights that realistic typhoon winds can be monitored continuously in real-time using multiple satellite observations,particularly when typhoon intensity is reasonably well predicted,providing timely analysis results and products of operational importance.

关键词： sea surface wind multi-platform satellites Typhoon Soulik(2018)

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Effect of shipping activity on warming trends in the Canadian Arctic

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2021年第3期31卷 369-388页

作者： Mian Sabir HUSSAIN Inhye HEO Sujeong IM Seungho lee Climate Research Institute Konkuk UniversitySeoulKorea Department of Geography Konkuk UniversitySeoulKorea

This paper presents a detailed account of the effect of shipping activity on the increasing trends of air temperatures in the Canadian Arctic region for the period of 1980–*** trend of temperature has gained significant attention with respect to shipping activities and sea ice area in the Canadian ***,sea ice area and shipping traffic datasets were investigated,and simple linear regression analyses were conducted to predict the rate of change(per decade)of the average temperature,considering winter(January)and summer(July)*** results indicate that temperature generally increased over the studied *** warming trend was observed during July,with an increase of up to 1℃,for the Canadian Arctic *** increasing trend of temperature was observed during July from the lower to higher *** increase in temperature during July is speculated to increase the melting of *** also show a decline in sea ice area has a significant positive effect on the shipping traffic,and the numbers of marine vessel continue to increase in the *** increase in temperature causes the breaking of sea ice due to shipping activities over northern Arctic Canada.

关键词： shipping activity increasing trend of temperature sea ice area Canadian Arctic

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Characteristics of surface and subsurface of formed thread parts by axial-infeed thread rolling process

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2023年第3期36卷 471-481页

作者： Shuowen ZHANG Dawei ZHANG Shengdun ZHAO Fei JIANG Myoung-Gyu lee Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Control School of Mechanical EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University08826 SeoulRepublic of Korea

The thread rolling process has been widely applied to manufacture high-performance thread *** this process,the evolutions of surface and subsurface are frequently introduced,which affect the working performance of manufactured *** this study,an axial-infeed thread rolling process(ATRP)is employed,and the macro-meso surface characteristics under different lubrications and operating conditions are ***,the distributions of microstructure and hardness on the subsurface of formed tooth are analyzed in detail,along with the study of stress state and yield strength *** is found that the MoS_(2)grease is more effective in reducing the surface roughness and defects than the lubrication oil and water-base graphite during the ATRP *** rolling speed improves the quality of surface morphology and can reduce the surface *** the subsurface of bottom and flank,intensive shear stress occurs in a narrow region,resulting in the elongation and refinement of the grains and increasing the low angle grain boundary *** on the grain size and plastic strain,the yield strength is *** maximum yield strength and hardness on the bottom of formed tooth are improved by 41.2% and 39.4%,respectively.

关键词： ATRP Lubrication Surface characteristics Microstructure distribution Hardness improvement Grain size

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Integration of the nuclease protection assay with sandwich hybridization (NPA-SH) for sensitive detection of Heterocapsa triquetra

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2018年第5期37卷 107-112页

作者： PARK Mirye PARK So Yun HWANG Jinik JUNG Seung Won 3lee Juyun CHANG Man lee Taek-Kyun South sea Environment Research Department Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology Geoje 53201 Republic of Korea Bioresources Culture Collection Division Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources Sangju 37242 Republic of Korea Research Strategy Team Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation Seou105718 Republic of Korea

Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that function as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Some species of microalgae undergo rapid growth and cause harmful blooms in marine ecosystems. Heterocapsa triquetra is one of the most common bloom-forming species in estuarine and coastal waters worldwide. Although this species does not produce toxins, unlike some other Heterocapsa species, the high density of its blooms can cause significant ecological damage. We developed a H. triquetra species-specific nuclease protection assay sandwich hybridization（NPA-SH） probe that targets the large subunit of ribosomal RNA（LSU r RNA）. We tested probe specificity and sensitivity with five other dinoflagellates that also cause red tides. Our assay detected *** at a concentration of 1.5×10^4 cells/m L, more sensitive than required for a red-tide guidance warning by the Korea Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries in 2015（3.0×10^4 cells/m L）. We also used the NPA-SH assay to monitor H. triquetra in the Tongyeong region of the southern sea area of Korea during 2014. This method could detect *** cells within 3 h. Our assay is useful for monitoring H. triquetra under field conditions.

关键词： nuclease protection assay sandwich hybridization Heterocapsa triquetra red tide monitoring

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High-flow oxygen via oxygenating mouthguard in short upper gastrointestinal endoscopy:A randomised controlled trial

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2022年第12期14卷 777-788页

作者： Kim Hay Be Leonardo Zorron Cheng Tao Pu Brett Pearce Matthew lee luke Fletcher Rebecca Cogan Philip Peyton Rhys Vaughan Marios Efthymiou Sujievvan Chandran Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkville 3010VictoriaAustralia

BACKGROUND Anaesthetic care during upper gastrointestinal(GI)endoscopy has the unique challenge of maintaining ventilation and oxygenation via a shared upper *** oxygen is recommended by international society guidelines,however,the optimal route or rate of oxygen delivery is not *** oxygen delivery devices have been investigated to improve oxygenation during upper GI endoscopy,however,these are limited by commercial availability,costs and in some cases,the expertise required for *** at our centre,higher flows of supplemental oxygen can safely be delivered via an oxygenating mouthguard routinely used during upper GI endoscopic *** To assess the incidence of hypoxaemia(SpO2<90%)in patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy receiving supplemental oxygen using an oxygenating mouthguard at 20 L/min flow compared to standard nasal cannula(SNC)at 2 L/min *** A single centre,prospective,randomised clinical trial at two sites of an Australian tertiary hospital between October 2020 and September 2021 was *** undergoing elective upper gastrointestinal endoscopy under deep sedation were randomised to receive supplemental oxygen via high-flow via oxygenating mouthguard(HFMG)at 20 L/min flow or SNC at 2 L/min *** primary outcome was the incidence of hypoxaemia of any duration measured by pulse ***-related,procedural-related,and sedation-related adverse events and patient-reported outcomes were also *** Three hundred patients were *** patients were excluded after randomisation.292 patients were included in the intention-to-treat *** incidence of hypoxaemia was significantly reduced in those allocated *** patients(4.4%)allocated to HFMG experienced an episode of hypoxaemia,compared to thirty-four(22.1%)patients allocated to SNC(P value<0.001).No significant difference was observed in the rates of adverse events or patient-reported outcome meas

关键词： Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy Supplementary oxygen Hypoxaemia Oxygenating mouthguard

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