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Audits of Death in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents Followed up in the Pediatric Department of the Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou/Alibori from 2005 to 2020

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 285-296页

作者： Alphonse Noudamadjo Mohamed Falilatou Agbeille Dénagan kévin Amoussou Médétinmè Gérard kpanidja Lahanatou Séidou Chantal Chabi Réckya kilaya Julien Didier Adédémy Agossou Joseph Mother and Child Department Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin Pediatric Department Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou/Alibori Parakou Benin

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major public health problem with high morbidity and mortality among children. The objective of this work was to audit the deaths of children and adolescents with HIV infection followed up in the pediatric department of the Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou/Alibori (CHUDB/A) the from 2005 to 2020. Patients and Method: This was a retrospective and descriptive study conducted in the pediatric department of CHUD/B-A in Parakou. All children with HIV infection who died from January 1, 2005 to August 31, 2020 were included. Data collection was carried out in three stages: a phase of medical records processing, a phase of community survey and a phase of death audits. The variables studied were sociodemographic, clinical, biological, therapeutic and evolutionary. Results: Over the study period, the data of 464 infected children were recorded, including 92 deaths, representing a case fatality rate of 19.83%. Severe acute malnutrition (69.23%), gastro-intestinal tract infections (43.58%) and serious opportunistic pulmonary infections (24.36% pulmonary tuberculosis and 19.23% pneumocystis) were the main causes of death. The main dysfunctions found were: the delayed diagnosis of HIV infection (79.35%), the absence or delay in consultation when the child’s clinical condition deteriorates (32.61% and 47.83%), delayed initiation of antiretroviral treatment (42.39%) and non-adherence to treatment (38.04%). Non-adherence to treatment was predominant in adolescents (90.49%). Conclusion: Specific interventions for early detection, adequate nutritional care, psychosocial support for adolescents and mothers of children are necessary to reduce mortality due to HIV among children and adolescents.

关键词： HIV Death Children Adolescents Dysfunctions Benin

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Effects of Genetics and Environment on Fatty Acid Stability in Soybean Seed

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第9期4卷 165-175页

作者： Nacer Bellaloui Alemu Mengistu my abdelmajid k.ssem Plant Genomics and Biotechnology Lab Department of Biological Sciences Fayetteville State University Fayetteville USA USDA-ARS Crop Genetics Research Unit Jackson USA USDA-ARS Crop Genetics Research Unit Stoneville USA

Although seed oil production and composition are genetically controlled, changes of oil level and oil composition across genotypes and environments such as drought and temperature were observed. The mechanisms of how genotypes interact with environment, affecting oil production and composition, are still not well understood. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of drought/water stress and temperature on soybean genotypes. Two soybean genotypes of maturity group (MG) II (PI 597411 B and PI 597408) and two of MG VI (Arksoy and PI 437726) were used. A repeated greenhouse experiment to study the effect of water stress and a repeated growth chamber experiment to study the effect of temperature were conducted. The results showed that both water stress and high temperature altered seed oil composition by increasing oleic acid and decreasing linoleic and linolenic acid concentrations. Severe water stress (soil water potential between -150 to -200 kPa) or high temperature (40/33℃, day/night) resulted in higher palmitic acid and lower stearic acid. Genotypes differed in their responses to water stress or temperature. Analyses of seed carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose) showed a significant decline of glucose, fructose, and sucrose and a significant increase of stachyose concentration by water stress and high temperature. Analyses of natural abundance of δ15N and δ13C isotopes showed changes in sources of nitrogen and carbon fixation, possibly affecting nitrogen and carbon metabolism pathways. The research demonstrated that both water stress and high temperature altered oil production and composition, and this could be partially related to limited availability and movement of carbohydrates from leaves to seed. Further research to investigate the enzymes controlling fatty acids conversion and nitrogen and carbon metabolism is needed.

关键词： Fatty Acids Oil Quality Oil Stability Seed Composition Soybean Seed

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Acoustic measurements of models of military style supersonic nozzle jets

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2014年第1期27卷 23-33页

作者： Ching-Wen kuo Jérémy Veltin Dennis k.McLaughlin Department of Aerospace Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park TNO Science and Industry

Modern military aircraft jet engines are designed with variable-geometry nozzles to provide optimal thrust in different operating conditions, depending on the flight envelope. How- ever, acoustic measurements for such nozzles are scarce, due to the cost involved in making full- scale measurements and the lack of details about the exact geometries of these nozzles. Thus the present effort at Pennsylvania State University （PSU） in partnership with GE Aviation and the NASA Glenn Research Center is aiming to study and characterize the acoustic field produced by supersonic jets issuing from converging-diverging military style nozzles, and to identify and test promising noise reduction techniques. An equally important objective is to develop methodology for using data obtained from small- and moderate-scale experiments to reliably predict the full-scale engine noise. The experimental results presented show reasonable agreement between small-scale and medium-scale jets, as well as between heated jets and heat-simulated ones.

关键词： Aeroacoustics Acoustic noise measurement Jet noise Jets Nozzle Supersonic flow

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Soybean Seed Phenolics, Sugars, and Minerals Are Altered by Charcoal Rot Infection in MG III Soybean Cultivars

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第19期5卷 1843-1859页

作者： Nacer Bellaloui Alemu Mengistu Luiz Henrique Saes Zobiole Hamed k. Abbas my abdelmajid k.ssem Crop Genetics Research Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville USA Crop Genetics Research Unit USDA-ARS Jackson USA Crop Protection R & D Dow AgroSciences—Brazil Cascavel Brazil Biological Control of Pests Research Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville USA Plant Genomics and Biotechnology Lab Department of Biological Sciences Fayetteville State University Fayetteville USA

Soybean seed is a major source of phytochemical compounds that impact human health nutrition and livestock meal. Charcoal rot is a disease caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, and thought to infect the plants through roots by a toxin-mediated mechanism, resulting in yield loss and poor seed quality, especially under drought conditions. Limited information is available on the effect of charcoal rot on seed phytochemical compounds and mineral nutrition in soybean. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the effect of charcoal rot infection on seed phenol, seed coat lignin, isoflavones, and minerals using susceptible (S) (Dk 3964) and moderately resistant (MR) (AG 3905) maturity group (MG)III soybean cultivars to charcoal rot. A two-year field experiment was conducted, and infested soil with charcoal rot (infested soil conditions, INF) or control (non-infested soil conditions, NINF) was used. The results showed that the moderately resistant genotype had higher concentrations of seed phenolics, total isoflavones, and seed coat lignin under infested and non-infested conditions and under irrigated or non-irrigated conditions compared with the susceptible genotype. The same general trend was found for seed k, Ca, P, Mn, Zn, B, and Cu concentrations in the moderately resistant genotype compared with the susceptible genotype. Our research demonstrated that these seed phytochemical constituents may explain the differences between susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars and may play an important role in the resistance to charcoal rot.

关键词： Charcoal Rot Isoflavones Lignin Minerals Phenolics

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Quantitative Trait Loci Underlying Seed Sugars Content in “MD96-5722” by “Spencer” Recombinant Inbred Line Population of Soybean

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第11期6卷 964-973页

作者： Masum Akond Shiming Liu Stella k. kantartzi khalid Meksem Nacer Bellaloui David A. Lightfoot my abdelmajid k.ssem Plant Genomics and Biotechnology Laboratory Department of Biological Sciences Fayetteville State University Fayetteville NC USA Department of Plant Soil and Agricultural Systems Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL USA Crop Genetics Research Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville MS USA School of Arts and Sciences American University of Ras Al Khaimah Ras Al Khaimah United Arab Emirates

Sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose are important soluble sugars in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds. Seed sucrose is a desirable trait for taste and flavor. Raffinose and stachyose are undesirable in diets of monogastric animals, acting as anti-nutritional factors that cause flatulence and abdominal discomfort. Therefore, reducing raffinose and stachyose biosynthesis is considered as a key quality trait goal in soy food and feed industries. The objective of this study was to identify genomic regions containing quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose in a set of 92 F5:7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between the lines “MD96-5722” and “Spencer” by using 5376 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers from the Illumina Infinium SoySNP6k BeadChip array. Fourteen significant QTL were identified and mapped on eight different linkage groups (LGs) and chromosomes (Chr). Three QTL for seed sucrose content were identified on LGs N (Chr3), k (Chr9), and E (Chr15). Seven QTL were identified for raffinose content on LGs D1a (Chr1), N (Chr3), C2 (Chr6), k (Chr9), B2 (Chr14), and J (Chr16). Four QTL for stachyose content were identified on LG D1a (Chr1), C2 (Chr6), H (Chr12), and B2 (Chr14). Selection for beneficial alleles of these QTLs could facilitate breeding strategies to develop soybean lines with higher concentrations of sucrose and lower levels of raffinose and stachyose.

关键词： Soybean Seed Nutrition Sucrose Raffinose Stachyose Sugars MD96-5722 Spencer QTL RIL

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Rao Algorithms-Based Structure Optimization for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 873-897页

作者： Shereen k.Refaay Samia A.Ali Moumen T.El-Melegy Louai A.Maghrabi Hamdy H.El-Sayed Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Sohag UniversitySohag82524Egypt Faculty of Engineering Assiut UniversityAssiut711745Egypt College of Engineering University of Business and TechnologyJeddah23411Saudi Arabia

The structural optimization of wireless sensor networks is a critical issue because it impacts energy consumption and hence the network’s *** studies have been conducted for homogeneous networks,but few have been performed for heterogeneouswireless sensor *** paper utilizes Rao algorithms to optimize the structure of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks according to node locations and their initial *** proposed algorithms lack algorithm-specific parameters and metaphorical *** proposed algorithms examine the search space based on the relations of the population with the best,worst,and randomly assigned *** proposed algorithms can be evaluated using any routing protocol,however,we have chosen the well-known routing protocols in the literature:Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy(LEACH),Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems(PEAGSIS),Partitioned-based Energy-efficient LEACH(PE-LEACH),and the Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems Neural Network(PEAGSIS-NN)recent routing *** compare our optimized method with the Jaya,the Particle Swarm Optimization-based Energy Efficient Clustering(PSO-EEC)protocol,and the hybrid Harmony Search Algorithm and PSO(HSA-PSO)*** efficiencies of our proposed algorithms are evaluated by conducting experiments in terms of the network lifetime(first dead node,half dead nodes,and last dead node),energy consumption,packets to cluster head,and packets to the base *** experimental results were compared with those obtained using the Jaya optimization *** proposed algorithms exhibited the best *** proposed approach successfully prolongs the network lifetime by 71% for the PEAGSIS protocol,51% for the LEACH protocol,10% for the PE-LEACH protocol,and 73% for the PEGSIS-NN protocol;Moreover,it enhances other criteria such as energy conservation,fitness convergence,packets to cluster head,and packets to the base sta

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Rao algorithms optimization LEACH PEAGSIS

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Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Underlying Protein, Oil, and Five Major Fatty Acids’ Contents in Soybean

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第1期5卷 158-167页

作者： Masum Akond Shiming Liu Melanie Boney Stella k. kantartzi khalid Meksem Nacer Bellaloui David A. Lightfoot my abdelmajid k.ssem Department of Plant Soil and Agricultural Systems Southern Il-linois University Carbondale USA Plant Genomics and Biotechnology Lab Department of Biologi-cal Sciences Fayetteville State University Fayetteville USA United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Crop Genetics Research Unit Stoneville USA

Improved seed composition in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] for protein and oil quality is one of the major goals of soybean breeders. A group of genes that act as quantitative traits with their effects can alter protein, oil, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids percentage in soybean seeds. The objective of this study was to identify Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) controlling protein, oil, and fatty acids content in a set of F5:8 RILs derived from a cross between lines, ‘MD 96-5722’ and ‘Spencer’ using 5376 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers from the Illumina Infinium SoySNP6k BeadChip array. QTL analysis used WinQTL Cart 2.5 software for composite interval mapping (CIM). Identified, were;one protein content QTL on linkage group (LG-) B2 or chromosome (Chr_) 14;11 QTL associated with oil content on six linkage groups LG-N (Chr_3), LG-A1 (Chr_5), LG-k (Chr_9), LG-F (Chr_13), LG-B2 (Chr_14), and LG-J (Chr_16);and sixteen QTL for five major fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids) on LG-N (Chr_3), LG-F (Chr_13), LG-B2 (Chr_14), LG-E (Chr_15), LG-J (Chr_16), and LG-G (Chr_18). The SNP markers closely linked to the QTL reported here will be useful for development of cultivars with altered oil and fatty acid compositions in soybean breeding programs.

关键词： Soybean SNP Linkage Map QTL RIL Oil Major Fatty Acids MD96-5722 Spencer

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Mapping of QTL Associated with Seed Amino Acids Content in “MD96-5722” by “Spencer” RIL Population of Soybean Using SNP Markers

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第11期6卷 974-984页

作者： Laila khandaker Masum Akond Shiming Liu Stella k. kantartzi khalid Meksem Nacer Bellaloui David A. Lightfoot my abdelmajid k.ssem Plant Genomics and Biotechnology Laboratory Department of Biological Sciences Fayetteville State University Fayetteville NC USA Department of Plant Soil and Agricultural Systems Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL USA Crop Genetics Research Unit Agricultural Research Service USDA Stoneville MS USA The School of Arts and Sciences American University of Ras Al Khaimah Ras Al Khiamah United Arab Emirates

Limited information is available on the genetic analysis of amino acid composition in soybean seeds. Previously, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for seed isoflavones, protein, oil, and fatty acids were identified in the “MD96-5722” by “Spencer” and other RIL populations. There were wide variations for these seed constituents among the RIL populations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify QTLs controlling different amino acids content in soybean seeds. To achieve this objective, ninety-two F5:7 recombinant inbred lines (RIL), developed from a cross of MD96-5722 and Spencer, using a total 5376 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) markers, were used. The RILs were genotyped by using 537 polymorphic, reliably segregating SNP markers, developed from the Illumina Infinium SoySNP6k BeadChip array. A total of 13 QTLs were identified with three QTLs for threonine on the linkage group (LG) A1, C2, and B2. Two QTLs were identified for each of the amino acids proline on LG D1a and B2, serine on LG A1 and C2, tryptophan on LG k and G, and cysteine on LG A1 and k. One QTL was identified for arginine on LG N and histidine on LG J. The new QTLs findings for seed amino acid will facilitate the development of soybean cultivars with higher protein and amino acid quality to help meet the industry and consumer needs.

关键词： Soybean Amino Acids SNP QTLs Seed Composition Constituents

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Development of a Peristaltic Micropump for Bio-Medical Applications Based on Mini LIPCA

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2008年第2期5卷 135-141页

作者： Thanh Tung Nguyen my Pham Nam Seo Goo Department of Aerospace Engineering Konkuk University Department of Advanced Technology Fusion Konkuk University

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of a peristaltic micropump. The micropump is composed of two layers fabricated from Polydimethylsiloxane （PDMS） material. The first layer has a rectangular channel and two valve seals. Three rectangular mini lightweight piezo-composite actuators are integrated in the second layer, and used as actuation parts. Two layers are bonded, and covered by two Polymethyl Methacrylate （PMMA） plates, which help increase the stiffness of the micropump. A maximum flow rate of 900μ*** 1 and a maximum backpressure of 1.8 kPa are recorded when water is used as pump liquid. We measured the power consumption of the micropump. The micropump is found to be a promising candidate for bio-medical application due to its bio-compatibility, portability, bidirectionality, and simple effective design.

关键词： peristaltic micropump LIPCA PDMS bio-medical applications

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A hybrid original approach for prediction of the aerodynamic coefficients of an ATR-42 scaled wing model

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2016年第1期29卷 41-52页

作者： Abdallah Ben Mosbah Ruxandra Mihaela Botez Thien my Dao Department of Automated Production Engineering Ecole de Technologie SuperieureUniversity of QuebecLaboratory of Applied Research in Active ControlsAvionics and AeroServoElasticity LARCASEMontrealQuebec H3C-1K3Canada Department of Mechanical Engineering Ecole de Technologie SuperieureUniversity of QuebecMontrealQuebec H3C-1K3Canada

A new approach for the prediction of lift, drag, and moment coefficients is presented. This approach is based on the support vector machines （SVMs） methodology and an optimization meta-heuristic algorithm called extended great deluge （EGD）. The novelty of this approach is the hybridization between the SVM and the EGD algorithm. The EGD is used to optimize the SVM parameters. The training and validation of this new identification approach is realized using the aerodynamic coefficients of an ATR-42 wing model. The aerodynamic coefficients data are obtained with the XFoil software and experimental tests using the Price-Paidoussis wind tunnel. The predicted results with our approach are compared with those from the XFoil software and experimental results for different flight cases of angles of attack and Mach numbers. The main pur- pose of this methodology is to rapidly Predict aircraft aerodynamic coefficients.

关键词： Aerodynamic coefficients Estimation Extended great deluge Metaheuristic Model identification Optimization Support vector machines Wind tunnel tests

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